Izvorni kod stranice Homologija (biologija)

{{Drugo značenje2|Homologija}}
[[Datoteka:Gegenbaur 1870 hand homology.png|mini|desno|300p|Prikaz homolognih [[kost]]iju [[šaka|šake]] kod [[sisar]]a.<br /> -{I}- [[Čovek]]. -{II}- [[Pas]]. -{III}- [[Svinja]]. -{IV}- [[Krava]]. -{V}- [[Tapir]]. -{VI}- [[Konj]]. r — -{Radius}-. u — -{Ulna}-. a — -{Scaphoideum}-. b — -{Lunare}-. c — -{Triquetrum}-. d — -{Trapezium}-. e — -{Trapezoides}-. f — -{Capitatum}-. g — -{Hamatum}-. p — -{Pisiforme}-.]]
'''Homologija''' je odnos [[zajedničko poreklo|zajedničkog porekla]] između [[karakter (biologija)|karakterâ]] prisutnih kod različitih [[organizam]]a ([[vrsta (biologija)|vrsta]], [[takson]]a i sl). Ovaj karakter nasleđen je od zajedničkog [[predak|pretka]], a sve danas prisutne razlike desile su se tokom [[evolucija (biologija)|evolucione]] divergencije organizama. Termin je u biološku nauku uveo [[paleontolog]] [[Ričard Oven]] [[1840]]. godine, a sama reč potiče od [[starogrčki jezik|starogrčkih]]: ὅμοιος (sličan, isti, nalik) i λογος (slovo, [[nauka]], zakon).

Homologija se može uočiti na različitim novoima [[biologija|biološke]] organizacije, od [[molekularna biologija|molekularnog]] (homologne sekvence [[nukleotid]]a u [[gen]]u), preko [[citogenetika|citogenetičkog]] ([[homologi hromozomi]]) do [[morfologija (biologija)|morfoanatomskog]] (homologni delovi [[Organ (anatomija)|organa]], organi ili [[sistem organa|sistemi organa]]).

== Literatura ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last= Carroll|first= Sean B. |title=Endless Forms Most Beautiful |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co |location=New York |year=2006 | isbn = 0-297-85094-6 }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last= Carroll|first= Sean B. |title=The making of the fittest: DNA and the ultimate forensic record of evolution |url= https://archive.org/details/makingoffittestd0000carr_w9m2|publisher=W.W. Norton & Co |location=New York |year=2006 | isbn = 0-393-06163-9 }}
* {{cite journal |author=DePinna MC |title=Concepts and tests of homology in the cladistic paradigm |journal=Cladistics  |volume=7 |pages=367-94 |year=1991 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00045.x |issue=4}}
* {{cite journal |author=Dewey CN, Pachter L |title=Evolution at the nucleotide level: the problem of multiple whole-genome alignment |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=15 |issue=Spec No 1 |pages=R51–6 |year=2006 |month=April |pmid=16651369 |doi=10.1093/hmg/ddl056 |url=http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16651369}}
* {{cite journal |author=Fitch WM |title=Homology a personal view on some of the problems |journal=Trends Genet. |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=227-31 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10782117 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168-9525(00)02005-9 |doi=10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9}}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|author=Gegenbaur, G. |title=Vergleichende Anatomie der Wirbelthiere... |url= https://archive.org/details/vergleichendean1gege|location=Leipzig |year=1898 }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|author=Haeckel, E. |title=Generelle Morphologie der Organismen |url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_wghbAAAAQAAJ|location=Bd 1-2. Verlin |year=1866 }}
* {{Cite book |ref= harv|author=Owen, R. |title=On the archetype and homologies of the vertebrate skeleton |url= https://archive.org/details/reportonarchetyp00owen|location=London |year=1847 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Mindell DP, Meyer A |title=Homology evolving |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_2001-08_16_8/page/434 |journal=Trends in Ecology and Evolution |volume=16 |pages=434-40 |year=2001 |doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02206-6 |issue=8}}
* {{cite journal |author=Kuzniar A, van Ham RC, Pongor S, Leunissen JA |title=The quest for orthologs: finding the corresponding gene across genomes |journal=Trends Genet. |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=539-51 |year=2008 |month=November |pmid=18819722 |doi=10.1016/j.tig.2008.08.009 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168-9525(08)00227-8}}
{{refend}}
== Spoljašnje veze ==
{{Commonscat|Homology}}
* Brigandt, Ingo (2011) [http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/1754 "Essay: Homology."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024301/http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/1754 |date=2016-03-04 }} In: ''The Embryo Project Encyclopedia''. ISSN: 1940-5030. [http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/1754 http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/1754] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024301/http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/1754 |date=2016-03-04 }}

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[[Kategorija:Evolucija]]
[[Kategorija:Filogenetika]]