View source for 1st century

{{centurybox|1}}
The '''1st century''' was the [[century]] that lasted from year [[1]] to [[100]].[[File:Roman HanEmpiresAD1.png|thumb|300px|AD 1, map of [[Eurasia]] with the [[Roman Empire]] (red), [[Parthian Empire]] (brown), [[Chinese Han dynasty]] (yellow) and other states/areas with smaller states (light yellow)]]
[[Image:East-Hem 050ad.jpg|thumb|300px|East [[Hemisphere]] in 50, in the middle of the 1st century]]
[[Image:East-Hem 100ad.jpg|thumb|300px|East Hemisphere in 99, at the end of the 1st century]]

During this period [[Europe]], North [[Africa]] and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the [[Roman Empire]]. It continued expanding under the [[emperor]] [[Claudius]] ([[43]]). The reforms introduced by [[Augustus]] during his long reign stabilized the empire. Later in the century the [[Julio-Claudian Dynasty]], which had been founded by [[Augustus]] came to an end with the death of [[Nero]] in [[68]]. There followed the famous [[Year of Four Emperors]], a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by [[Vespasian]], 9th Roman emperor, and founder of the [[Flavian Dynasty]].

China continued to be dominated by the [[Han Dynasty]], despite a 14-year interruption by the [[Xin dynasty]] under [[Wang Mang]]. Han rule was restored in [[23]]. Wang Mang's rule represents the watershed between the Western/Former Han and the Eastern/Later Han. The capital was also moved from [[Chang'an]] to [[Luoyang]].

==Regional events and politics==
<!--* [[Northern Europe]]: -->
* [[Western Europe]]: Controlled by Rome.
<!--* [[Central Europe]]:
* [[Eastern Europe]]: -->
* [[Southern Europe]]: Controlled by Rome.
* [[North Africa]]: Controlled by Rome.
* [[West Africa]]: Numerous tribal governments.
* [[Central Africa]]: Bantu tribes, collapsing Nok civilization.
* [[East Africa]]: Meroe, Blemmyes, Axum Empire.
* [[Southern Africa]]: Bantu tribes, Khoisan.
* [[Western Asia]]: Rome, Parthian empires, as well as many smaller tribes.
* [[Central Asia]]: Sarmatian tribes.
* [[South-central Asia]]: Kushan empire, Western Satraps, Satavahana, Tibetans.
* [[Southeast Asia]]: City states, Khmer, Mon kingdoms, Funan.
* [[East Asia]]: Eastern Han Dynasty of China, Three Kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla) of Korea.
<!--* [[North America]]:
* [[Caribbean]]:
* [[Southern America]]:
-->

==Events==
* Early 1st century  – [[Augustus of Primaporta]] (perhaps a copy of a bronze statue of ca. [[20 BC]]) is made. It is now kept in [[Musei Vaticani]], [[Braccio Nuovo]], [[Rome]].
* Early 1st century – [[Gemma Augustea]] is made. It is now kept at [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]].
* Early 1st century – [[House of the Silver Wedding]], [[Pompeii]], is built. Excavated in [[1893]], the year of the silver wedding anniversary of [[Italy]]'s King Humbert and his wife, [[Margherita of Savoy]], who have supported archaeological fieldwork at Pompeii.
* Early 1st century – Inner shrine, [[Ise, Mie]], [[Mie Prefecture]], is built. [[Yayoi period]].
* [[1]]: [[Lion]]s became [[extinct]] in [[Western Europe]].
* c. [[6]]: [[Census of Quirinius]]
* [[8]]–[[23]]: [[Wang Mang]] temporarily overthrew the [[Han dynasty]] of [[China]].
* [[9]]: Three Roman legions were destroyed at [[Teutoberg Forest]] by Germans under the leadership of [[Arminius]].
* [[14]]: [[Augustus Caesar]], first emperor of Rome, dies. His nephew [[Tiberius]] is his successor.
* [[28]]–[[75]]: [[Emperor Ming of Han]], [[Buddhism]] reaches [[China]].
*Humans arrive on [[Pentecost Island]] and establish the [[Bunlap]] tribe, among others.
* [[26]]: According to the [[Bible]], [[Chronology of Jesus|Jesus begins his ministry]].
* [[30]]: [[Chronology of Jesus|Death of Jesus on the cross]]. [[History of Christianity|Beginning of the Christian Church]].
* [[34]]: Conversion of [[Saint Paul]].
* [[44]]: Death of [[Agrippa I|Herod Agrippa]].
* [[41]]–[[54]]: Rachias, an [[Ambassador]] sent from [[Sri Lanka]] to the court of [[Claudius]].
* [[Masoretes]] adds vowel pointings to the text of the [[Tanakh]], the [[Hebrew Bible]].
* [[Buddhist]] monks in [[Sri Lanka]] first write down [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]'s teachings, creating the [[Pāli|Pali]] canon.
* The regions of present-day [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]] and [[North India]] come under the control of the [[Kushans]], a nomadic people forced out of northwest [[China]] by the [[Han Dynasty]].
* [[Tacitus]] mentions the [[Suiones]], who will one day be called the [[Swedish people|Swedes]].
* [[Kaundinya]], an [[India]]n [[Brahmin]] marries Soma and establishes the Pre-[[Angkor]] [[History of Cambodia|Cambodian Kingdom]] of [[Kingdom of Funan|Funan]].
* The [[Goths]] settle in northern [[Poland]], which they called [[Gothiscandza]], and shape the [[Wielbark culture]].
* c. 50: [[Christian]] [[Council of Jerusalem]].
* c. [[52]]: Arrival of [[Apostle Thomas]] to Malabar, India. Beginning of [[Christianity]] in [[India]].
* Mid-1st century – Wall niche, from garden in [[Pompeii]], is made. It is now kept at [[Fitzwilliam Museum]], [[University of Cambridge]], England.
* Mid-1st century – Detail of a wall painting in the [[House of M. Lucretius Fronto]], [[Pompeii]], is made.
* July 19, 64: [[Great Fire of Rome]], first Roman mass [[Persecution of Christians]], earliest significant recognition of [[Christians]] in [[Rome]].
* [[66]]–[[73]]: [[First Jewish-Roman War]].
* August [[70]]: destruction of [[Herod's Temple]] in [[Jerusalem]] by the Romans under [[Titus]].
* August [[79]]: [[Pompeii]] and [[Herculaneum]] destroyed by eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]].
* [[Jewish]] [[Council of Jamnia]].
* Spread of the [[Roman Empire]], reaches largest size under [[Trajan]].
* [[Arena (colosseum)]] is constructed, origin of the name [[Arena]].
* Late 1st century – Cityscape, detail of a Second Style wall painting from a bedroom in the House of [[Publius Fannius Synistor]], [[Boscoreale]], is made. It is now at The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City]].
* The painting "Alexander the Great confronts Darius III at the Battle of Issos", detail of mosaic floor decoration from [[Pompeii]], [[Italy]] is made. It is a Roman copy after a Greek painting of c. [[310 BC]], perhaps by [[Philoxenus of Eretria|Philoxenos]] or Helen of Egypt. It is now at [[Naples National Archaeological Museum|Museo Archeologico Nazionale]], [[Naples]], [[Italy]].
* Late 1st century – Bedroom, from the House of Publius Fannius Synistor, [[Boscoreale]] is made. It is reconstructed with later furnishings  at The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City]].
* Late 1st century – Seascape, detail of a wall painting from [[Villa Farnesina]], [[Rome]], is made.
* Late 1st century – Young Woman Writing, detail of a wall painting, from [[Pompeii]], is made. It is now kept at [[Naples National Archaeological Museum|Museo Archeologico Nazionale]], [[Naples]].
* Late 1st century – Mausoleum under Construction, relief from the tomb of the [[Haterius]] family, [[Via Labicana]], [[Rome]], is made. It is now kept at [[Musei Vaticani]], [[Museo Gregoriano Profano]], [[ex Lateranese]], [[Rome]].
* Late 1st century – Middle-Aged Flavian Woman is made. It is now kept at [[Musei Vaticani]], [[Museo Gregoriano Profano]], [[ex Lateranese]], [[Rome]].
* c. Late 1st century – early 2nd century – Buddha and Attendants, from [[Katra Keshavdev]], [[Mathura]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]], is made. Kushan period. It is now kept at [[Mathura Museum]].
* 1st–2nd centuries – Tomb model of a house is made. Eastern [[Han dynasty]]. It is now kept at The [[Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art]], [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Missouri]].

==Important people==
[[Image:Acaugustus.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Bronze statue of Augustus, Archaeological Museum, Athens.]]
[[Image:Caligula bust.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Bust of Caligula.]]

* [[Apollonius of Tyana]]
* [[Rabbi Akiva|Akiba]]
* [[Arminius]]
* [[Ban Chao]]
* [[Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa I)|Berenice of Cilicia]]
* [[Boudica]], also known as Boadicea
* [[Augustus]]
* [[Caligula]]
* [[Claudius]]
* [[Pope Clement I|Clement I of Rome]]
* [[Decebalus]]
* [[Domitian]]
* [[Du Shi]]
* [[Elisha ben Abuyah]]
* [[Galba]]
* [[Germanicus]]
* [[Gan Ying]]
* [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu of Han]]
* [[Hero of Alexandria]]
* [[Hillel the Elder]]
* [[Ignatius of Antioch]]
* [[James the Just]]
* [[Jesus]] of [[Nazareth]]
* [[John the Baptist]]
* [[Josephus]]
* [[Liu Xin]]
* [[Livia]]
* [[Livy]]
* [[Ma Yuan (Han Dynasty)|Ma Yuan]]
* [[Emperor Ming of Han|Ming of Han]]
* [[Nero]]
* [[Nerva]]
* [[Otho]]
* [[Paul of Tarsus]]
* [[Philo]]
* [[Pliny the Elder]]
* [[Polycarp]]
* [[Pontius Pilate]]
* [[Sejanus]]
* [[Seneca the Younger]]
* [[Saint Peter|Simon Peter]]
* [[Strabo]]
* [[Gaius Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]]
* [[Thomas the Apostle]]
* [[Tiberius]]
* [[Titus]]
* [[Trajan]]
* [[Vespasian]]
* [[Vitellius]]
* [[Vitruvius]]
* [[Wang Chong|Wang Chung]]
* [[Wang Mang]]

==Inventions, discoveries, introductions==
* [[Codex]], the first form of the modern book, appears in the Roman Empire
* Year [[78]]—the beginning of the Saka Era used by South Asian calendars.
* [[Bookbinding]]
* Various inventions by [[Hero of Alexandria]], including the [[steam turbine]] (aeolipile), [[water organ]], and various other water-powered machines.
* In [[31]], the [[Han Dynasty]] Chinese engineer and statesman [[Du Shi]] (d. [[38]]) from [[Nanyang, Henan|Nanyang]] invented the first known [[hydraulic]]-powered [[bellows]] to heat the [[blast furnace]] in smelting [[cast iron]]. He used a complex mechanical device that was powered by the rushing current against a [[waterwheel]], a practice that would continue in China.
* Although [[Philo of Byzantium]] described the saqiya [[chain pump]] in the early 2nd century BC, the square-pallet [[chain pump]] was innovated in China during this century, mentioned first by the philosopher [[Wang Chong]] around 80 AD. Wang Chong also accurately described the [[water cycle]] in [[meteorology]], and argued against the mainstream 'radiating influence' theory for [[solar eclipse]]s, the latter of which was accepted by many, including [[Zhang Heng]].
* The Chinese astronomer [[Liu Xin]] (d. [[23]]) documented 1080 different stars, amongst other achievements.
* End of 1st century – [[codex]] replaces the [[scroll]].

===Christianity===
According to the [[New Testament]], during the reign of [[Tiberius]], Jesus, a Jewish religious leader from [[Galilee]], was crucified in [[Jerusalem in Christianity|Jerusalem]] on the charge of [[blasphemy]] for claiming to be the Son of God.  But "God raised him from the dead"<ref>{{bibleverse||Acts|2:24}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|2:32}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|3:15}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|3:26}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|4:10}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|5:30}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|10:40}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|13:30}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|13:34}}, {{bibleverse||Acts|13:37}}, {{bibleverse||Romans|10:9}}, {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|6:14}}, {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|15:15}}, {{bibleverse||Galatians|1:1}}, {{bibleverse||Colossians|2:12}}, {{bibleverse|1|Peter|1:21}}</ref> three days later, see [[Resurrection of Jesus]]. Over the next few decades his followers, following the [[Great Commission]], including the [[apostle Paul]], carried his message throughout the Greek-speaking regions of [[Asia Minor]], eventually introducing it to Rome itself. Roman rulers began to [[Persecution of Christians|persecute]] the new sect almost immediately (the emperor [[Nero]] accused the Christians of starting the [[Great Fire of Rome|fires]] that destroyed much of Rome in 64 AD), and would continue to do so for centuries, sometimes vigorously, and other times passively.  Christian tradition records that all of Christ's [[Twelve Apostles|apostles]] except [[John the Evangelist]] suffered [[martyrdom]].

In the 4th century, [[Christianity]] was eventually taken up by the emperor [[Constantine I|Constantine]]. One of his successors [[Julian the Apostate]] renounced it for [[paganism]] and again persecuted the Church.  However, by the end of the 4th century, Emperor [[Theodosius I]] proclaimed Christianity as the [[state religion]] of the [[Roman Empire]].

==Decades and years==

Note: years before or after the 1st century are in ''italics''.

{| border="0" cellspacing="5"
| '''''[[0s BC]]'''''
| ''[[10 BC]]''
| ''[[9 BC]]''
| ''[[8 BC]]''
| ''[[7 BC]]''
| ''[[6 BC]]''
| ''[[5 BC]]''
| ''[[4 BC]]''
| ''[[3 BC]]''
| ''[[2 BC]]''
| ''[[1 BC]]''
|- 
| '''[[0s]]'''
| ''[[0]]''
| [[1]]
| [[2]]
| [[3]]
| [[4]]
| [[5]]
| [[6]]
| [[7]]
| [[8]]
| [[9]]
|- 
| '''[[10s]]'''
| [[10]]
| [[11]]
| [[12]]
| [[13]]
| [[14]]
| [[15]]
| [[16]]
| [[17]]
| [[18]]
| [[19]]
|- 
| '''[[20s]]'''
| [[20]]
| [[21]]
| [[22]]
| [[23]]
| [[24]]
| [[25]]
| [[26]]
| [[27]]
| [[28]]
| [[29]]
|- 
| '''[[30s]]'''
| [[30]]
| [[31]]
| [[32]]
| [[33]]
| [[34]]
| [[35]]
| [[36]]
| [[37]]
| [[38]]
| [[39]]
|- 
| '''[[40s]]'''
| [[40]]
| [[41]]
| [[42]]
| [[43]]
| [[44]]
| [[45]]
| [[46]]
| [[47]]
| [[48]]
| [[49]]
|- 
| '''[[50s]]'''
| [[50]]
| [[51]]
| [[52]]
| [[53]]
| [[54]]
| [[55]]
| [[56]]
| [[57]]
| [[58]]
| [[59]]
|- 
| '''[[60s]]'''
| [[60]]
| [[61]]
| [[62]]
| [[63]]
| [[64]]
| [[65]]
| [[66]]
| [[67]]
| [[68]]
| [[69]]
|- 
| '''[[70s]]'''
| [[70]]
| [[71]]
| [[72]]
| [[73]]
| [[74]]
| [[75]]
| [[76]]
| [[77]]
| [[78]]
| [[79]]
|- 
| '''[[80s]]'''
| [[80]]
| [[81]]
| [[82]]
| [[83]]
| [[84]]
| [[85]]
| [[86]]
| [[87]]
| [[88]]
| [[89]]
|- 
| '''[[90s]]'''
| [[90]]
| [[91]]
| [[92]]
| [[93]]
| [[94]]
| [[95]]
| [[96]]
| [[97]]
| [[98]]
| [[99]]
|- 
| '''[[100s]]'''
| [[100]]
| ''[[101]]''
| ''[[102]]''
| ''[[103]]''
| ''[[104]]''
| ''[[105]]''
| ''[[106]]''
| ''[[107]]''
| ''[[108]]''
| ''[[109]]''
|}

{{Centuries}}

==Related pages==
* [[Kofun period]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{New Testament people}}

[[Category:1st century| ]]