View source for Streptophyta

{{automatic taxobox
| image = Streptophyta-x4.jpg
| image_caption = 
| display_parents = 4
| taxon = Streptophyta
| authority = Jeffrey 1967,<ref>{{cite journal | author = Jeffrey C | year = 1967 | title = The origin and differentiation of the Archegoniate land plants: A second contribution | journal = Kew Bull. | volume = 21 | issue = 2| pages = 335–349 | doi=10.2307/4108533| jstor = 4108533 }}</ref> ''sensu'' Leliaert et al. 2012
| subdivision_ranks = Subdivisions
| subdivision = * [[Klebsormidiophyceae]]
* [[Phragmoplastophyta]]
** [[Charophyceae]]
** [[Coleochaetophyceae]] 
** [[Zygnematophyceae]]
** [[Embryophyta]]
| synonyms = * Anthocerophyta <small>Sluiman 1985</small><ref>{{cite journal | author = Sluiman H. J. | year = 1985 | title = A cladistic evaluation of the lower and higher green plants (Viridiplantae) | journal = Plant Syst. Evol. | volume = 149 | issue = 3–4| pages = 217–232 | doi=10.1007/bf00983308| s2cid = 19456207 }}</ref>
* [[Charophyta]] <small>[[Walter Migula|Migula]] 1897 ''sensu'' Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009</small>
* Streptobionta <small>Kenrick & Crane 1997</small>
}}

'''Streptophyta''' ({{IPAc-en|s|14='|24=t|23=aɪ|22=f|21=oʊ|20=t|19=p|18=ɛ|17=r|16=t|15=s|13=,_|t|12=ə|11=t|10=ᵻ|9=f|8=ɒ|7=t|6=ˈ|5=p|4=ɛ|r|25=ə}}), are a [[clade]] of [[Plant|plants]]. Streptophyta is most land plants and all [[green algae]], except for the [[Chlorophyta]], Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae and Spirotaenia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sánchez-Baracaldo|first1=Patricia|last2=Raven|first2=John A.|last3=Pisani|first3=Davide|last4=Knoll|first4=Andrew H.|date=2017-09-12|title=Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats|url=https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/132985852/pnas.1620089114.sapp.pdf|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=114|issue=37|pages=E7737–E7745|doi=10.1073/pnas.1620089114|pmc=5603991|pmid=28808007|bibcode=2017PNAS..114E7737S |doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Definition ==
The [[Biological classification|classification]] of Streptophyta is different from source to source.<ref>http://www.protisten.de/german/docs/Phylogeny_in_Streptophyta.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Some include more organism groups, and others include less organism groups.

Streptophyta [[Organism|organisms]] are both [[Unicellular organism|unicellular]] and [[Multicellular organism|multicellular]]. Every [[living]] [[green plant]] is a streptophyta. The Streptophyta [[phylum]] includes green algae in [[Freshwater lake|freshwater]] and all [[Land plant|land plants]]. Streptophyta reproduces sexually through [[Bacterial conjugation|conjugation]].<ref>{Kapraun, D. F. (2007). Nuclear DNA content estimates in green algal lineages: Chlorophyta and 
Streptophyta. Annals of botany, 99(4), 677-701.
Liang, Z., Geng, Y., Ji, C., Du, H., Wong, C. E., Zhang, Q., ... & Yu, H. (2020). Mesostigma 
viride genome and transcriptome provide insights into the origin and evolution of 
Streptophyta. Advanced Science, 7(1), 1901850.
Nedelcu, A. M., Borza, T., & Lee, R. W. (2006). A land plant–specific multigene family in the 
unicellular Mesostigma argues for its close relationship to Streptophyta. Molecular 
Biology and Evolution, 23(5), 1011-1015.
Oliveira, I. B. D., Bicudo, C. E. D. M., & Moura, C. W. D. N. (2013). First records of 
Zygnematales (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) for the state of Bahia, Brazil. Acta 
Botanica Brasilica, 27(4), 743-750.}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lemieux|first1=Claude|last2=Otis|first2=Christian|last3=Turmel|first3=Monique|date=2016|title=Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analyses of Streptophyte Green Algae Uncover Major Structural Alterations in the Klebsormidiophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae and Zygnematophyceae|journal=Frontiers in Plant Science|language=en|volume=7|pages=697|doi=10.3389/fpls.2016.00697|issn=1664-462X|pmc=4877394|pmid=27252715|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Adl|first1=Sina M.|last2=Bass|first2=David|last3=Lane|first3=Christopher E.|last4=Lukeš|first4=Julius|last5=Schoch|first5=Conrad L.|last6=Smirnov|first6=Alexey|last7=Agatha|first7=Sabine|last8=Berney|first8=Cedric|last9=Brown|first9=Matthew W.|date=2019|title=Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes|journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology|language=en|volume=66|issue=1|pages=4–119|doi=10.1111/jeu.12691|issn=1550-7408|pmc=6492006|pmid=30257078}}</ref>

== [[Phylogeny]] ==
Below is all of the relations of '''Streptophyta'''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Linzhou Li|author2=Sibo Wang|author3=Hongli Wang|author4=Sunil Kumar Sahu|author5=Birger Marin|author6=Haoyuan Li|author7=Yan Xu|author8=Hongping Liang|author9=Zhen Li|date=22 June 2020|title=The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|volume=4|issue=9|pages=1220–1231|doi=10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7|pmc=7455551|pmid=32572216|doi-access=free|author11=Tanja Reder|author17=Huanming Yang|author12=Zehra Çebi|author13=Sebastian Wittek|author14=Morten Petersen|author15=Barbara Melkonian|author16=Hongli Du|author20=Xun Xu|author19=Gane Ka-Shu Wong|author10=Shifeng Chen|author21=Xin Liu|author24=Huan Liu|author23=Michael Melkonian|author22=Yves Van de Peer|author18=Jian Wang}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Puttick|first1=Mark N.|last2=Morris|first2=Jennifer L.|last3=Williams|first3=Tom A.|last4=Cox|first4=Cymon J.|last5=Edwards|first5=Dianne|last6=Kenrick|first6=Paul|last7=Pressel|first7=Silvia|last8=Wellman|first8=Charles H.|last9=Schneider|first9=Harald|date=2018|title=The Interrelationships of Land Plants and the Nature of the Ancestral Embryophyte|journal=Current Biology|volume=28|issue=5|pages=733–745.e2|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.063|pmid=29456145|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sánchez-Baracaldo|first1=Patricia|last2=Raven|first2=John A.|last3=Pisani|first3=Davide|last4=Knoll|first4=Andrew H.|date=2017-09-12|title=Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats|url=https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/132985852/pnas.1620089114.sapp.pdf|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=114|issue=37|pages=E7737–E7745|doi=10.1073/pnas.1620089114|pmc=5603991|pmid=28808007|bibcode=2017PNAS..114E7737S |doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{clade|label1='''Streptophyta'''/|sublabel1='''[[charophyta]]'''|{{clade
  |label1=[[Mesostigmatophyceae]]
  |1={{clade
    |1=''[[Mesostigma viride]]''
    |2={{clade
      |1=''[[Spirotaenia]]''
      |2=[[Chlorokybophyceae]]
       }}
     }}
  |2={{clade
    |label1=
    |1=[[Klebsormidiophyceae]]
    |label2=[[Phragmoplastophyta]]
    |2={{clade
      |1=[[Charophyceae]] (Stoneworts & musk grasses)
      |2={{clade
        |1=[[Coleochaetophyceae]]
        |2={{clade
          |1=[[Zygnematophyceae]] (desmids, water silk etc.)
          |label2=[[Embryophyte]]s
          |2={{clade
            |label1=[[Bryophytes]]
            |1={{clade
              |1=[[Anthocerotophyta]] (hornworts)
              |label2=Setaphyta
              |2={{clade
                |1=[[Marchantiophyta]] (Liverworts)
                |2=[[Moss|Bryophyta]] (Mosses)
                 }}
               }}
            |label2=[[Polysporangiophyte|Polysporangiomorpha]]
            |2={{clade
              |1=†[[Horneophytopsida]]
              |2=[[Tracheophyta]]
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
   }}|style=font-size:80%;line-height:80%}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

* Bremer, K. (1985) Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification. Cladistics 1:369-385.
* {{cite journal|author1=Lewis L.A.|author2=McCourt R.M.|date=October 2004|title=Green algae and the origin of land plants|url=http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/91/10/1535|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=91|issue=10|pages=1535–1556|doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535|pmid=21652308|access-date=2022-02-17|archive-date=2011-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221123345/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/91/10/1535|url-status=dead}}
* {{citation|author1=Adl, S.M.|author19=Parfrey, L.W.|pmid=23020233|doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x|pages=429–514|issue=5|volume=59|journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology|title=The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes|date=September 2012|author25=Spiegel, F.W.|author24=Smirnov, A.|author23=Schoch, C.L.|author22=Shadwick, L.|author21=Rueckert, S.|author20=Pawlowski, J.|author18=Mozley-Stanridge, S.E.|author2=Simpson, A.G.B.|author9=Dunthorn, M.|author3=Lane, C.E.|author4=Lukeš, J.|author5=Bass, D.|author6=Bowser, S.S.|author7=Brown, M.W.|author8=Burki, F.|author10=Hampl, V.|author17=Mitchell, E.A.D.|author11=Heiss, A.|author12=Hoppenrath, M.|author13=Lara, E.|author14=le Gall, L.|author15=Lynn, D.H.|author16=McManus, H.|pmc=3483872}}

== Other websites ==

* [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1437 The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009220630/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1437 |date=2010-10-09 }}
* [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/294/5550/2351.pdf?ijkey=5be75a8faf1d87b2dac07461bb057f53f0a86184 The closest land plants relatives]

{{Plant classification|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q133527}}

[[Category:Plant taxonomy]]