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The '''B Line''', named the Red Line from 1993–2020, is a [[rapid transit]] line part of the [[Los Angeles Metro Rail]]. The B Line opened on January 30, 1993, and was fully completed on June 24, 2000, with 14 stations.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chiland|first1=Elijah|title=A guide to the subway formerly known as the Red Line|url=https://la.curbed.com/2020/1/28/21078723/los-angeles-subway-red-b-line|website=la.curbed.com|publisher=Curbed|accessdate=9 September 2023}}</ref> The B Line is completely underground, and it has stations from the [[San Fernando Valley]], [[Central Los Angeles]], and [[Downtown Los Angeles]]. The B Line is one of the two fully-[[underground]] subway lines (along with the D Line) in [[Los Angeles]]. The two lines share tracks through Koreatown and Downtown Los Angeles.
The '''B Line''', named the Red Line from 1993–2020, is a [[rapid transit]] line part of the [[Los Angeles Metro Rail]] system. It opened on January 30, 1993, and was fully completed on June 24, 2000, with 14 [[Train station|stations]]. The B Line is completely [[underground]], and it has stations in the [[San Fernando Valley]], [[Central Los Angeles]], and [[Downtown Los Angeles]]. The line is one of the two rapid transit lines (along with the D Line) in [[Los Angeles]]. The two lines share [[Railway track|tracks]] between Downtown Los Angeles and Koreatown.


== History ==
== History ==


=== Early plans ===
=== Early plans ===
The current B Line (was the Red Line) was part of a plan to connect Downtown Los Angeles with a rapid transit line to central and western portions of Los Angeles. Early plans in the 1980s had the line running west along Wilshire Boulevard and then north to the San Fernando Valley using Fairfax Avenue. Many [[residents]] who lived near the proposed line [[Opposite|opposed]] the plan.
The B Line (formally the Red Line) was part of a plan to connect Downtown Los Angeles with a rapid transit line to central and western portions of Los Angeles. Early plans in the 1980s had the line traveling west along Wilshire Boulevard and then north to the San Fernando Valley using Fairfax Avenue. Many [[residents]] who lived near the proposed line did not like the plan.


In 1985, a [[methane]] [[explosion]] occurred at a Ross Dress for Less clothing store near Fairfax Avenue. Although the explosion was unrelated to the line, the area became a "methane zone". This stopped any plan for a rapid transit line to travel on Fairfax Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reft|first=Ryan|date=January 28, 2015|title=Building Subways in the Post World War II World: Los Angeles and Washington D.C.|url=https://tropicsofmeta.com/2015/01/28/building-subways-in-the-post-world-war-ii-world-los-angeles-and-washington-d-c/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114031030/https://tropicsofmeta.com/2015/01/28/building-subways-in-the-post-world-war-ii-world-los-angeles-and-washington-d-c/|archive-date=November 14, 2021|access-date=November 14, 2021|website=Tropics of Meta|language=en-US}}</ref>
In 1985, a [[methane]] [[explosion]] occurred at a [[Ross Stores|Ross Dress for Less]] clothing store near Fairfax Avenue. Although the explosion was unrelated to the line, the area became a "methane zone". This stopped any plan for a rapid transit line to travel on Fairfax Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reft|first=Ryan|date=January 28, 2015|title=Building Subways in the Post World War II World: Los Angeles and Washington D.C.|url=https://tropicsofmeta.com/2015/01/28/building-subways-in-the-post-world-war-ii-world-los-angeles-and-washington-d-c/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114031030/https://tropicsofmeta.com/2015/01/28/building-subways-in-the-post-world-war-ii-world-los-angeles-and-washington-d-c/|archive-date=November 14, 2021|access-date=November 14, 2021|website=Tropics of Meta|language=en-US}}</ref>


Los Angeles Metro staff decided to reroute the Red Line after the incident. The line changed from traveling north on Vermont Avenue instead of Fairfax. The route on Vermont was originally going to be above ground, but it was changed to underground due to [[Complaint|complaints]] from people, [[Hospital|hospitals]], and media studios.
Los Angeles Metro staff decided to reroute the Red Line after the incident. The line changed from traveling north on Vermont Avenue instead of Fairfax. The route on Vermont was originally going to be above ground. It was changed to underground due to [[Complaint|complaints]] from nearby businesses, hospitals, and [[media]] studios in [[Hollywood]].
[[File:Metro_Heavy_Rail_Opening_WilshireNormandie.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metro_Heavy_Rail_Opening_WilshireNormandie.jpg|left|thumb|Opening day of the Red Line extension to Wilshire/Western station (July 1996)]]
[[File:Metro_Heavy_Rail_Opening_WilshireNormandie.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metro_Heavy_Rail_Opening_WilshireNormandie.jpg|left|thumb|Opening day of the Red Line extension to Wilshire/Western station (July 1996)|alt=Crowds of people are getting on and off on a train stopped at a underground station]]


=== Construction and opening ===
=== Construction and opening ===
Due to the line length, the project was built in four phases. [[Construction]] started on the first phase (MOS-1) of the Red Line on September 29, 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 29, 2011|title=25 Years Ago Today: Los Angeles' Red Line Subway Breaks Ground|url=https://metroprimaryresources.info/25-years-ago-today-los-angeles-red-line-subway-breaks-ground/1755/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114054030/https://metroprimaryresources.info/25-years-ago-today-los-angeles-red-line-subway-breaks-ground/1755/|archive-date=November 14, 2021|access-date=November 14, 2021|website=Dorothy Peyton Gray Transportation Library and Archive|language=en-US}}</ref> The first phase went from Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles to Westlake/MacArthur Park station. It opened on January 30, 1993.<ref name="MOS1">{{cite news|last=Katches|first=Mark|date=January 31, 1993|title=Red Line Rolls to Raves – It's Smooth Railing As L.A. Subway Opens|work=Los Angeles Daily News}}</ref> The second phase (MOS-2A) went from Westlake/MacArthur Park station to Wilshire/Western station in Koreatown. That expansion started service in 1996.<ref name="MOS2A2">{{cite news|last=Bloom|first=David|date=May 22, 1996|title=MTA Unveils New Downtown Line|work=Los Angeles Daily News}}</ref>
The project was built in four phases. [[Construction]] started on the first phase (MOS-1) of the Red Line on September 29, 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 29, 2011|title=25 Years Ago Today: Los Angeles' Red Line Subway Breaks Ground|url=https://metroprimaryresources.info/25-years-ago-today-los-angeles-red-line-subway-breaks-ground/1755/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114054030/https://metroprimaryresources.info/25-years-ago-today-los-angeles-red-line-subway-breaks-ground/1755/|archive-date=November 14, 2021|access-date=November 14, 2021|website=Dorothy Peyton Gray Transportation Library and Archive|language=en-US}}</ref> The first phase went from Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles to Westlake/MacArthur Park station. It opened on January 30, 1993.<ref name="MOS1">{{cite news|last=Katches|first=Mark|date=January 31, 1993|title=Red Line Rolls to Raves – It's Smooth Railing As L.A. Subway Opens|work=Los Angeles Daily News}}</ref> The second phase (MOS-2A) went from Westlake/MacArthur Park station to Wilshire/Western station in Koreatown. That expansion started service in 1996.<ref name="MOS2A2">{{cite news|last=Bloom|first=David|date=May 22, 1996|title=MTA Unveils New Downtown Line|work=Los Angeles Daily News}}</ref>


The third phase (MOS-2B) continued to extend the line from Wilshire/Vermont to the Hollywood/Vine station. However, some serious problems occurred during the construction of this phase. While they were building part of the line, a [[sinkhole]] formed in the ground on [[Hollywood Boulevard]]. This nearly hurt many workers and [[Damage|damaged]] some buildings on the street. This problem stopped construction until [[Expert|experts]] could decide how to fix it. The project's [[General contractor|contractor]], Shea-Kiewit-Kenny, was replaced with Tutor Saliba. MOS-2B eventually opened in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|last1=GORDON|first1=LARRY|last2=KENNEDY|first2=J. MICHAEL|date=June 23, 1995|title=Street Vanishes in Subway Sinkhole : MTA: Burst water main weakens earth above tunnel, causing half a block of Hollywood Boulevard to collapse.|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-23/local/me-16226_1_hollywood-boulevard|url-status=live|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005132828/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-23/local/me-16226_1_hollywood-boulevard|archive-date=2018-10-05}}</ref>
The third phase (MOS-2B) continued to extend the line from Wilshire/Vermont to the Hollywood/Vine station. However, some serious problems occurred during the construction of that phase. A [[sinkhole]] formed in the ground on [[Hollywood Boulevard]]. This nearly hurt many workers and [[Damage|damaged]] some buildings on the street. This problem stopped construction until [[Expert|experts]] could decide how to fix it. MOS-2B eventually opened in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|last1=GORDON|first1=LARRY|last2=KENNEDY|first2=J. MICHAEL|date=June 23, 1995|title=Street Vanishes in Subway Sinkhole : MTA: Burst water main weakens earth above tunnel, causing half a block of Hollywood Boulevard to collapse.|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-23/local/me-16226_1_hollywood-boulevard|url-status=live|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005132828/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-23/local/me-16226_1_hollywood-boulevard|archive-date=2018-10-05}}</ref>


The project's fourth phase (MOS-3) completed the rapid transit line from Hollywood/Highland to North Hollywood station. It opened on June 24, 2000. This phase required [[Tunnel|tunneling]] underneath the [[Santa Monica Mountains]].<ref name="MOS3">{{cite news|last=Sheppard|first=Harrison|date=June 18, 2000|title=End of the Line|work=Los Angeles Daily News}}</ref> Metro had plans to keep expanding the line, but those plans were canceled. Los Angeles voters [[banned]] the use of existing sales [[Tax|taxes]] for subway tunneling in 1998, stopping new rapid transit line construction in Los Angeles. Those planned Red Line extensions were replaced with new [[light rail]] lines and busways.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 4, 1998|title=Anti-Subway Funding Measure Wins Easily|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-04-mn-39290-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022191900/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-04-mn-39290-story.html|archive-date=October 22, 2020|access-date=September 15, 2019|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Overall, the construction of the line cost $4.5 billion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Purdum|first=Todd S.|date=2000-06-23|title=Los Angeles Subway Reaches End of the Line|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/23/us/los-angeles-subway-reaches-end-of-the-line.html|access-date=2024-02-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
The project's fourth phase (MOS-3) completed the rapid transit line from Hollywood/Highland to North Hollywood station. It opened on June 24, 2000. This phase required [[Tunnel|tunneling]] underneath the [[Santa Monica Mountains]].<ref name="MOS3">{{cite news|last=Sheppard|first=Harrison|date=June 18, 2000|title=End of the Line|work=Los Angeles Daily News}}</ref> Metro had plans to extend the line further, but those plans were canceled. The people of Los Angeles [[Voting|voted]] in 1998 for the city to stop using more taxes for subway tunneling. This stopped new rapid transit line construction in Los Angeles. Those plans were replaced with new [[light rail]] lines and [[Bus|busways]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 4, 1998|title=Anti-Subway Funding Measure Wins Easily|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-04-mn-39290-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022191900/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-04-mn-39290-story.html|archive-date=October 22, 2020|access-date=September 15, 2019|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Overall, the construction of the current Red Line cost $4.5 billion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Purdum|first=Todd S.|date=2000-06-23|title=Los Angeles Subway Reaches End of the Line|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/23/us/los-angeles-subway-reaches-end-of-the-line.html|access-date=2024-02-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


Once the Red Line was built, trains started running on two different routes. Union Station to Wilshire/Western and Union Station to North Hollywood. To make things clearer, the trains that went to Union Station and Wilshire/Western were given a new name, the Purple Line, in 2006. In 2020, the Red Line was renamed to the B Line, and the Purple Line became the D Line.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LA, meet our new lineup|url=https://www.metro.net/riding/line-letters|access-date=December 23, 2023|website=www.metro.net}}</ref>
Once the line was complete, trains started running on two routes. Union Station to Wilshire/Western and Union Station to North Hollywood. To clarify, the trains that went to Union Station and Wilshire/Western were given a new name, the Purple Line, in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hymon|first=Steve|date=2018-01-29|title=Red/Purple Line subway celebrates 25th anniversary|url=https://thesource.metro.net/2018/01/29/red-purple-line-subway-celebrates-25th-anniversary/|access-date=2024-03-16|website=The Source|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, the Red Line was renamed to the B Line, and the Purple Line became the D Line.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LA, meet our new lineup|url=https://www.metro.net/riding/line-letters|access-date=December 23, 2023|website=www.metro.net}}</ref>


== Operations ==
== Operations ==
[[File:Metro_Red_&_Purple_Lines_Train_Car.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metro_Red_&_Purple_Lines_Train_Car.JPG|thumb|Inside a Breda A650 car used on the Metro B and D Lines]]
[[File:Metro_Red_&_Purple_Lines_Train_Car.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metro_Red_&_Purple_Lines_Train_Car.JPG|thumb|Inside a Breda A650 car used on the Metro B and D Lines]]
The B Line begins service at 4:30 a.m. and ends around midnight each night. During the day, trains are scheduled to come every 12 minutes. In the early mornings and late nights, trains are scheduled to come every 20 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 10, 2023|title=Metro Maps and Schedules|url=https://www.metro.net/riding/schedules-2/|access-date=February 12, 2024|website=metro.net}}</ref>
The B Line begins service daily at 4:30 a.m. and ends around midnight. During the day, trains are scheduled to come every 12 minutes. In the early mornings and late nights, trains are scheduled to come every 20 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 10, 2023|title=Metro Maps and Schedules|url=https://www.metro.net/riding/schedules-2/|access-date=February 12, 2024|website=metro.net}}</ref>


The [[rolling stock]] (trains) used on the B (and D) Line are called the '''Breda A650.''' Metro operates those trains with six cars during rush hours and four cars at other times. The B Line operates out of the Division 20 Yard (Santa Fe Yard). This yard stores the Breda A650 trains used on the B and D Lines and where maintenance happens. The yard is located east of Union Station.
The [[rolling stock]] (trains) used on the B (and D) Line are called the '''Breda A650.''' Metro operates those trains with six cars during [[Rush hour|rush hours]] and four cars at other times. The B Line operates out of the Division 20 Yard (Santa Fe Yard). This [[Depot|yard]] also stores and gives maintenance to the trains. The yard is located east of Union Station.


== Route and stations ==
== Route and stations ==
[[File:Metro North Hollywood Station Gate Entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the B Line rapid transit train at North Hollywood station]]The B Line stops at 14 stations from Union Station to North Hollywood. All stations are underground. The line's most northern station is the North Hollywood station in the San Fernando Valley. Heading towards Union Station, the line turns [[southeast]] and passes underneath the Santa Monica Mountains. When it reaches the Hollywood/Highland station, the line [[Travel|travels]] east underneath Hollywood Blvd and the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. At the [[Intersection (road)|intersection]] of Vermont and Hollywood, the line turns south until it [[Connection|connects]] to the D Line's tracks at Wilshire/Vermont Station. B Line shares the same track and 6 stations with the D Line from Wilshire/Vermont to Union Station.
[[File:Metro North Hollywood Station Gate Entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the B Line rapid transit train at North Hollywood station]]
The B Line stops at 14 stations from Union Station to North Hollywood. All stations are underground. The line's northern station is North Hollywood station in the San Fernando Valley. Heading towards Union Station, the line turns [[southeast]] and passes underneath the Santa Monica Mountains. When it reaches the Hollywood/Highland station, the line [[Travel|travels]] east underneath Hollywood Boulevard. At the [[Intersection (road)|intersection]] of Vermont and Hollywood, the line turns south under Vermont Avenue until it [[Connection|connects]] to the D Line's tracks at Wilshire/Vermont Station. B Line shares the same track and 6 stations with the D Line from Wilshire/Vermont to Union Station.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chiland|first1=Elijah|title=A guide to the subway formerly known as the Red Line|url=https://la.curbed.com/2020/1/28/21078723/los-angeles-subway-red-b-line|website=la.curbed.com|publisher=Curbed|accessdate=9 September 2023}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Stations
!Stations
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[[Category:Transport in California]]
[[Category:Transport in California]]
[[Category:Rapid transit systems in the United States]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Rapid transit]]

Revision as of 05:56, 16 March 2024

B Line
B Line train at Union Station
Overview
OwnerLos Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
TerminiNorth Hollywood
Union Station
Stations14
Service
TypeRapid transit
Train number(s)802
Rolling stockBreda A650
Daily ridership72,200 (Weekday, Q3 2022) Decrease
Ridership25,899,711 (2023) Increase 0.5%
History
Commenced1993
Completed2000

The B Line, named the Red Line from 1993–2020, is a rapid transit line part of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It opened on January 30, 1993, and was fully completed on June 24, 2000, with 14 stations. The B Line is completely underground, and it has stations in the San Fernando Valley, Central Los Angeles, and Downtown Los Angeles. The line is one of the two rapid transit lines (along with the D Line) in Los Angeles. The two lines share tracks between Downtown Los Angeles and Koreatown.

History

Early plans

The B Line (formally the Red Line) was part of a plan to connect Downtown Los Angeles with a rapid transit line to central and western portions of Los Angeles. Early plans in the 1980s had the line traveling west along Wilshire Boulevard and then north to the San Fernando Valley using Fairfax Avenue. Many residents who lived near the proposed line did not like the plan.

In 1985, a methane explosion occurred at a Ross Dress for Less clothing store near Fairfax Avenue. Although the explosion was unrelated to the line, the area became a "methane zone". This stopped any plan for a rapid transit line to travel on Fairfax Avenue.[1]

Los Angeles Metro staff decided to reroute the Red Line after the incident. The line changed from traveling north on Vermont Avenue instead of Fairfax. The route on Vermont was originally going to be above ground. It was changed to underground due to complaints from nearby businesses, hospitals, and media studios in Hollywood.

Crowds of people are getting on and off on a train stopped at a underground station
Opening day of the Red Line extension to Wilshire/Western station (July 1996)

Construction and opening

The project was built in four phases. Construction started on the first phase (MOS-1) of the Red Line on September 29, 1986.[2] The first phase went from Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles to Westlake/MacArthur Park station. It opened on January 30, 1993.[3] The second phase (MOS-2A) went from Westlake/MacArthur Park station to Wilshire/Western station in Koreatown. That expansion started service in 1996.[4]

The third phase (MOS-2B) continued to extend the line from Wilshire/Vermont to the Hollywood/Vine station. However, some serious problems occurred during the construction of that phase. A sinkhole formed in the ground on Hollywood Boulevard. This nearly hurt many workers and damaged some buildings on the street. This problem stopped construction until experts could decide how to fix it. MOS-2B eventually opened in 1999.[5]

The project's fourth phase (MOS-3) completed the rapid transit line from Hollywood/Highland to North Hollywood station. It opened on June 24, 2000. This phase required tunneling underneath the Santa Monica Mountains.[6] Metro had plans to extend the line further, but those plans were canceled. The people of Los Angeles voted in 1998 for the city to stop using more taxes for subway tunneling. This stopped new rapid transit line construction in Los Angeles. Those plans were replaced with new light rail lines and busways.[7] Overall, the construction of the current Red Line cost $4.5 billion.[8]

Once the line was complete, trains started running on two routes. Union Station to Wilshire/Western and Union Station to North Hollywood. To clarify, the trains that went to Union Station and Wilshire/Western were given a new name, the Purple Line, in 2006.[9] In 2020, the Red Line was renamed to the B Line, and the Purple Line became the D Line.[10]

Operations

Inside a Breda A650 car used on the Metro B and D Lines

The B Line begins service daily at 4:30 a.m. and ends around midnight. During the day, trains are scheduled to come every 12 minutes. In the early mornings and late nights, trains are scheduled to come every 20 minutes.[11]

The rolling stock (trains) used on the B (and D) Line are called the Breda A650. Metro operates those trains with six cars during rush hours and four cars at other times. The B Line operates out of the Division 20 Yard (Santa Fe Yard). This yard also stores and gives maintenance to the trains. The yard is located east of Union Station.

Route and stations

Entrance to the B Line rapid transit train at North Hollywood station

The B Line stops at 14 stations from Union Station to North Hollywood. All stations are underground. The line's northern station is North Hollywood station in the San Fernando Valley. Heading towards Union Station, the line turns southeast and passes underneath the Santa Monica Mountains. When it reaches the Hollywood/Highland station, the line travels east underneath Hollywood Boulevard. At the intersection of Vermont and Hollywood, the line turns south under Vermont Avenue until it connects to the D Line's tracks at Wilshire/Vermont Station. B Line shares the same track and 6 stations with the D Line from Wilshire/Vermont to Union Station.[12]

Stations Opened Neighborhood Connections
North Hollywood June 24, 2000 North Hollywood G Line
Universal City/Studio City Studio City
Hollywood/Highland Hollywood
Hollywood/Vine June 12, 1999
Hollywood/Western East Hollywood
Vermont/Sunset
Vermont/Santa Monica
Vermont/Beverly
Wilshire/Vermont July 13, 1996 Mid-Wilshire/Koreatown D Line
Westlake/MacArthur Park January 30, 1993 Westlake D Line
7th Street/Metro Center Downtown Los Angeles A Line
D Line
E Line
J Line
Pershing Square D Line
Civic Center/Grand Park D Line
Union Station A Line
D Line
J Line
Metrolink (California) Metrolink
Amtrak Amtrak

References

  1. ↑ Reft, Ryan (January 28, 2015). "Building Subways in the Post World War II World: Los Angeles and Washington D.C." Tropics of Meta. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  2. ↑ "25 Years Ago Today: Los Angeles' Red Line Subway Breaks Ground". Dorothy Peyton Gray Transportation Library and Archive. September 29, 2011. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  3. ↑ Katches, Mark (January 31, 1993). "Red Line Rolls to Raves – It's Smooth Railing As L.A. Subway Opens". Los Angeles Daily News.
  4. ↑ Bloom, David (May 22, 1996). "MTA Unveils New Downtown Line". Los Angeles Daily News.
  5. ↑ GORDON, LARRY; KENNEDY, J. MICHAEL (June 23, 1995). "Street Vanishes in Subway Sinkhole : MTA: Burst water main weakens earth above tunnel, causing half a block of Hollywood Boulevard to collapse". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
  6. ↑ Sheppard, Harrison (June 18, 2000). "End of the Line". Los Angeles Daily News.
  7. ↑ "Anti-Subway Funding Measure Wins Easily". Los Angeles Times. November 4, 1998. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  8. ↑ Purdum, Todd S. (2000-06-23). "Los Angeles Subway Reaches End of the Line". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  9. ↑ Hymon, Steve (2018-01-29). "Red/Purple Line subway celebrates 25th anniversary". The Source. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  10. ↑ "LA, meet our new lineup". www.metro.net. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  11. ↑ "Metro Maps and Schedules". metro.net. December 10, 2023. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  12. ↑ Chiland, Elijah. "A guide to the subway formerly known as the Red Line". la.curbed.com. Curbed. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
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