Mental illness: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Green ribbon.svg|alt=A green ribbon|thumb|A ribbon that people wear to show that someone cares about mental health issues<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/green-ribbon-campaign|title=Green Ribbon|website=Mental Health Foundation|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>]] |
[[File:Green ribbon.svg|alt=A green ribbon|thumb|150px|A ribbon that people wear to show that someone cares about mental health issues<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/green-ribbon-campaign|title=Green Ribbon|website=Mental Health Foundation|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>]] |
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A '''mental illness''' is an [[illness]] of the [[mind]]. People with a mental illness may behave in strange ways or have strange thoughts in their view or the view of others. Mental illnesses can affect the day to day functioning of a person. |
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A '''mental illness''' is an [[illness]] of the [[mind]]. The term includes [[Psychiatry|psychiatric]] disorder, [[psychological]] disorder, mental disease, [[mental breakdown]], [[nervous breakdown]], [[mental health]] conditions.<ref name="Mayo Clinic 2019">{{cite web | title=Mental illness – Symptoms and causes | website=Mayo Clinic | date=8 June 2019 | url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968 | access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref> People with a mental illness may behave in strange ways or have strange thoughts. Mental illnesses can affect the day-to-day functioning of a person. |
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| ⚫ | Mental illnesses develop during the life of a person. This may be linked to [[genes]] and experience. What is considered as a mental illness has changed over time. What is considered to be a mental illness may not be one in a different culture. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM) by the [[American Psychiatric Association]] is used around the world. |
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| ⚫ | Mental illnesses develop during the life of a person. This may be linked to [[genes]] and experience. What is considered as a mental illness has changed over time. What is considered to be a mental illness may not be one in a different culture. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM) by the [[American Psychiatric Association]] is used around the world. |
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People with a mental illness sometimes have problems dealing with other people, or struggle with daily functioning. Treatment and certain medications can help people with daily functioning. |
People with a mental illness sometimes have problems dealing with other people, or struggle with daily functioning. Treatment and certain medications can help people with daily functioning. |
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In some cases, mental illnesses change the way the [[brain]] works. Many conditions which affect the brain are not mental illnesses, as they do not change the way in which people think: Neither [[epilepsy]] nor [[Parkinson's disease]] is a mental illness, yet both affect the brain. |
In some cases, mental illnesses change the way the [[brain]] works. Many conditions which affect the brain are not mental illnesses, as they do not change the way in which people think: Neither [[epilepsy]] nor [[Parkinson's disease]] is a mental illness, yet both affect the brain. |
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== Common mental problems == |
== Common mental problems == |
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According to the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health in the United States, the most common type of [[disability]] in the United States is major mental illnesses (which include major [[major depressive disorder|depression]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[personality disorder]]s, [[body dysmorphic disorder]], [[schizophrenia]], and [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]]). |
According to the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health in the United States, the most common type of [[disability]] in the United States is major mental illnesses (which include major [[major depressive disorder|depression]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[personality disorder]]s, [[body dysmorphic disorder]], [[schizophrenia]], and [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]]). |
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Thirty-three percent of North American adults will have a mental illness in a given year, according to the [[National Alliance on Mental Illness]]. |
Thirty-three percent of North American adults will have a mental illness in a given year, according to the [[National Alliance on Mental Illness]]. But in more than half of these cases, the mental illness is not bad enough to disrupt daily life activities. |
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According to [[World Health Organization]] ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) Mental health conditions can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends and community. They can result from or lead to problems at school and at work.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mental health|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health|access-date=2024-04-05|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-02|title=Mental Health Resource Guide [2024]|url=https://therapyhelpers.com/blog/black-mental-health-resource-guide/|access-date=2024-04-05|website=Therapy Helpers|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== Partly inherited === |
=== Partly inherited === |
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There is a [[genetic]] basis which makes some people more likely to develop mental illness. A study published in ''The Lancet'', a medical journal, found the same set of genetic [[mutation|markers]] in people with five different disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, [[autism]], major depression, and [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD).<ref>Kolata, Gene 2013. Same genetic basis found in 5 types of mental disorders. ''[[The New York Times]]''. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/01/health/study-finds-genetic-risk-factors-shared-by-5-psychiatric-disorders.html?src=un&feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjson8.nytimes.com%2Fpages%2Fscience%2Findex.jsonp]</ref> |
There is a [[genetic]] basis which makes some people more likely to develop mental illness. A study published in ''[[The Lancet]]'', a medical journal, found the same set of genetic [[mutation|markers]] in people with five different disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, [[autism]], major depression, and [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD).<ref>Kolata, Gene 2013. Same genetic basis found in 5 types of mental disorders. ''[[The New York Times]]''. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/01/health/study-finds-genetic-risk-factors-shared-by-5-psychiatric-disorders.html?src=un&feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjson8.nytimes.com%2Fpages%2Fscience%2Findex.jsonp]</ref> |
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== Treatment of mental illnesses == |
== Treatment of mental illnesses == |
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== Violence == |
== Violence == |
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Even though the [[media]] show this differently, studies have shown that people with a severe mental illness are not necessarily violent. Statistically, violence is often caused by factors such as drug abuse, or those related to the personal, social and economic situation.<ref name="pmid19188537">{{cite journal |doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.537 |title=The Intricate Link Between Violence and Mental Disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions |year=2009 |last1=Elbogen |first1=Eric B. |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=152–61 |pmid=19188537 |last2=Johnson |first2=SC}}</ref> |
Even though the [[Mass media|media]] show this differently, studies have shown that people with a severe mental illness are not necessarily violent. Statistically, violence is often caused by factors such as drug abuse, or those related to the personal, social and economic situation.<ref name="pmid19188537">{{cite journal |doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.537 |title=The Intricate Link Between Violence and Mental Disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions |year=2009 |last1=Elbogen |first1=Eric B. |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=152–61 |pmid=19188537 |last2=Johnson |first2=SC}}</ref> |
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Findings show that people with a mental illness that live in the community will be victims of violence more often that they will be those starting or spreading it.<ref name="Stuart03"/><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1176/appi.ps.52.10.1358 |title=Risks for |
Findings show that people with a mental illness that live in the community will be victims of violence more often that they will be those starting or spreading it.<ref name="Stuart03"/><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1176/appi.ps.52.10.1358 |title=Risks for individuals with schizophrenia who are living in the community |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-services_2001-10_52_10/page/1358 |year=2001 |last1=Brekke |first1=John S. |journal=Psychiatric Services |volume=52 |issue=10 |pages=1358–66 |pmid=11585953 |last2=Prindle |first2=C |last3=Bae |first3=SW |last4=Long |first4=JD}}</ref> A study that looked at people diagnosed with "severe mental illness" living in a US inner-city area found that a quarter of them had been victims of at least one violent crime over the course of a year; this proportion was eleven times higher than the [[average]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.911 |title=Crime victimization in adults with severe mental illness: comparison with the National Crime Victimization Survey |year=2005 |last1=Teplin |first1=Linda A. |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=911–21 |pmid=16061769 |last2=McClelland |first2=GM |last3=Abram |first3=KM |last4=Weiner |first4=DA |pmc=1389236}}</ref> For people which have been diagnosed with a mental illness it is more difficult to get a trial started, because fewer people believe them, and many people have a [[wikt:prejudice|prejudice]] against people with a mental illness.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/009385480102800601 |title=Crime victims with developmental disabilities: a review essay |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_criminal-justice-and-behavior_2001-12_28_6/page/655 |year=2001 |last1=Petersilia |first1=J.R. |journal=Criminal Justice and Behavior |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=655–94|s2cid=145599816 }}</ref> |
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There are a few specific diagnoses which are defined by conduct problems and violence. These include conditions such as childhood [[conduct disorder]], adult [[antisocial personality disorder]] or [[psychopathy]]. There are conflicting findings about how much specific symptoms are linked to an increase in violent behaviour. These symptoms include [[psychosis]] ([[hallucinations]] or [[delusions]]) that can occur in disorders such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder or mood disorder. The factors that lead to violent behaviour are more often demographic or economic in nature, such as being young, male, of lower [[socioeconomic status]] or of abusing drugs, including [[alcoholism]], to which some people are particularly vulnerable.<ref name=" |
There are a few specific diagnoses which are defined by conduct problems and violence. These include conditions such as childhood [[conduct disorder]], adult [[antisocial personality disorder]] or [[psychopathy]]. There are conflicting findings about how much specific symptoms are linked to an increase in violent behaviour. These symptoms include [[psychosis]] ([[hallucinations]] or [[delusions]]) that can occur in disorders such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder or mood disorder. The factors that lead to violent behaviour are more often demographic or economic in nature, such as being young, male, of lower [[socioeconomic status]] or of abusing drugs, including [[alcoholism]], to which some people are particularly vulnerable.<ref name="Stuart03">{{Cite journal |author=Stuart H |title=Violence and mental illness: an overview |journal=World Psychiatry |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=121–124 |date=June 2003|pmid=16946914 |pmc=1525086}}</ref><ref name="Rogers&Pilgram05">{{cite book |author=Pilgrim, David; Rogers, Anne |title=A sociology of mental health and illness |publisher=Open University Press |location=Milton Keynes |year=2005 |isbn=0-335-21583-1 |edition=3rd}}{{page needed|date=May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.55.5.393 |title=Violence by people discharged from acute psychiatric inpatient facilities and by others in the same neighborhoods |year=1998 |last1=Steadman |first1=H.J. |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=393–401 |pmid=9596041 |last2=Mulvey |first2=EP |last3=Monahan |first3=J |last4=Robbins |first4=PC |last5=Appelbaum |first5=PS |last6=Grisso |first6=T |last7=Roth |first7=LH |last8=Silver |first8=E}}</ref><ref name="pmid19668362">{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000120 |title=Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis |year=2009 |editor1-last=McGrath |editor1-first=John |last1=Fazel |first1=Seena |last2=Gulati |first2=Gautam |last3=Linsell |first3=Louise |last4=Geddes |first4=John R. |last5=Grann |first5=Martin |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=e1000120 |doi-access=free |pmid=19668362 |pmc=2718581}}</ref> |
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{{Further|Insanity defense}} |
{{Further|Insanity defense}} |
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==Ableism== |
==Ableism== |
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{{Main|ableism}} |
{{Main|ableism}} |
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Some studies show that disabled people are sometimes treated badly.<ref>Striegel-Moore, Ruth H., et al. |
Some studies show that disabled people are sometimes treated badly.<ref>Striegel-Moore, Ruth H., et al. Abuse, bullying, and discrimination as risk factors for binge eating disorder. ''American Journal of Psychiatry'' '''159'''.11 (2002): 1902-1907.</ref> For example, people with mental illness may deal with [[ableism]].<ref>Eisenhauer, Jennifer. 2007. Just looking and staring back: challenging ableism through disability performance art. ''Studies in Art Education'' '''49'''.1 2007: 7-22.</ref> An example of ableism is insults, for example calling a mentally ill person a ''retard''.<ref>Saczkowski, Thomas. Narratives of violence: The relationship of masculinity and ableism. Diss. 2011.</ref> |
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High-profile cases have led to fears that serious crimes, such as [[homicide]], have increased because people with certain mental illnesses are not treated in specialized institutions, but the evidence does not support this conclusion.<ref name="pmid19668362"/><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1192/bjp.174.1.9 |title=Homicides by people with mental illness: Myth and reality |year=1999 |last1=Taylor |first1=P. J. |last2=Gunn |first2=J. |journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry |volume=174 |pages=9–14 |pmid=10211145|s2cid=24432329 }}</ref> Violence that does occur in relation to mental disorder (against the mentally ill or by the mentally ill) typically occurs in the context of complex social interactions, often in a family setting rather than between strangers.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/1524838004272464 |title=Family |
High-profile cases have led to fears that serious crimes, such as [[homicide]], have increased because people with certain mental illnesses are not treated in specialized institutions, but the evidence does not support this conclusion.<ref name="pmid19668362"/><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1192/bjp.174.1.9 |title=Homicides by people with mental illness: Myth and reality |year=1999 |last1=Taylor |first1=P. J. |last2=Gunn |first2=J. |journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry |volume=174 |pages=9–14 |pmid=10211145|s2cid=24432329 }}</ref> Violence that does occur in relation to mental disorder (against the mentally ill or by the mentally ill) typically occurs in the context of complex social interactions, often in a family setting rather than between strangers.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/1524838004272464 |title=Family violence among adults with severe mental illness: a neglected area of research |year=2005 |last1=Solomon |first1=P. L. |journal=Trauma, Violence, & Abuse |volume=6 |pages=40–54 |pmid=15574672 |issue=1 |last2=Cavanaugh |first2=MM |last3=Gelles |first3=RJ|s2cid=20067766 }}</ref> It is also an issue in health care settings<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/01.JNR.0000347572.60800.00 |title=Assaultive behavior by psychiatric in-patients and its related factors |year=2001 |last1=Chou |first1=Kuei-Ru |last2=Lu |first2=Ru-Band |last3=Chang |first3=Min |journal=Journal of Nursing Research |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=139–51 |pmid=11779087}}</ref> and the wider community.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00322.x |title=Schizophrenia, neighbourhood, and crime |year=2004 |last1=Logdberg |first1=B. |last2=Nilsson |first2=L.-L. |last3=Levander |first3=M. T. |last4=Levander |first4=S. |journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=92–7 |pmid=15233709|s2cid=12605241 }}</ref> |
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== Related pages == |
== Related pages == |
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{{commonscat}} |
{{commonscat}} |
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* [http://www.nami.org National Alliance for the Mentally Ill] |
* [http://www.nami.org National Alliance for the Mentally Ill] |
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[[Category:Diseases]] |
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{{Mental disorders}} |
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[[Category:Mental illnesses| ]] |
[[Category:Mental illnesses| ]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:33, 5 April 2024
A mental illness is an illness of the mind. The term includes psychiatric disorder, psychological disorder, mental disease, mental breakdown, nervous breakdown, mental health conditions.[2] People with a mental illness may behave in strange ways or have strange thoughts. Mental illnesses can affect the day-to-day functioning of a person.
Mental illnesses develop during the life of a person. This may be linked to genes and experience. What is considered as a mental illness has changed over time. What is considered to be a mental illness may not be one in a different culture. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) by the American Psychiatric Association is used around the world.
People with a mental illness sometimes have problems dealing with other people, or struggle with daily functioning. Treatment and certain medications can help people with daily functioning.
In some cases, mental illnesses change the way the brain works. Many conditions which affect the brain are not mental illnesses, as they do not change the way in which people think: Neither epilepsy nor Parkinson's disease is a mental illness, yet both affect the brain.
Common mental problems
[change | change source]According to the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health in the United States, the most common type of disability in the United States is major mental illnesses (which include major depression, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder).
Thirty-three percent of North American adults will have a mental illness in a given year, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness. But in more than half of these cases, the mental illness is not bad enough to disrupt daily life activities.
According to World Health Organization (WHO) Mental health conditions can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends and community. They can result from or lead to problems at school and at work.[3][4]
Partly inherited
[change | change source]There is a genetic basis which makes some people more likely to develop mental illness. A study published in The Lancet, a medical journal, found the same set of genetic markers in people with five different disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, major depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).[5]
Treatment of mental illnesses
[change | change source]Mental illnesses can be treated by:
- medication
- Therapy
- Psychoeducation
- Lifestyle changes
Some more controversial treatments include
Violence
[change | change source]Even though the media show this differently, studies have shown that people with a severe mental illness are not necessarily violent. Statistically, violence is often caused by factors such as drug abuse, or those related to the personal, social and economic situation.[6]
Findings show that people with a mental illness that live in the community will be victims of violence more often that they will be those starting or spreading it.[7][8] A study that looked at people diagnosed with "severe mental illness" living in a US inner-city area found that a quarter of them had been victims of at least one violent crime over the course of a year; this proportion was eleven times higher than the average.[9] For people which have been diagnosed with a mental illness it is more difficult to get a trial started, because fewer people believe them, and many people have a prejudice against people with a mental illness.[10]
There are a few specific diagnoses which are defined by conduct problems and violence. These include conditions such as childhood conduct disorder, adult antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy. There are conflicting findings about how much specific symptoms are linked to an increase in violent behaviour. These symptoms include psychosis (hallucinations or delusions) that can occur in disorders such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder or mood disorder. The factors that lead to violent behaviour are more often demographic or economic in nature, such as being young, male, of lower socioeconomic status or of abusing drugs, including alcoholism, to which some people are particularly vulnerable.[7][11][12][13]
Ableism
[change | change source]Some studies show that disabled people are sometimes treated badly.[14] For example, people with mental illness may deal with ableism.[15] An example of ableism is insults, for example calling a mentally ill person a retard.[16]
High-profile cases have led to fears that serious crimes, such as homicide, have increased because people with certain mental illnesses are not treated in specialized institutions, but the evidence does not support this conclusion.[13][17] Violence that does occur in relation to mental disorder (against the mentally ill or by the mentally ill) typically occurs in the context of complex social interactions, often in a family setting rather than between strangers.[18] It is also an issue in health care settings[19] and the wider community.[20]
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ "Green Ribbon". Mental Health Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
- ↑ "Mental illness – Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. 8 June 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ↑ "Mental health". www.who.int. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
- ↑ "Mental Health Resource Guide [2024]". Therapy Helpers. 2024-04-02. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
- ↑ Kolata, Gene 2013. Same genetic basis found in 5 types of mental disorders. The New York Times. [1]
- ↑ Elbogen, Eric B.; Johnson, SC (2009). "The Intricate Link Between Violence and Mental Disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions". Archives of General Psychiatry. 66 (2): 152–61. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.537. PMID 19188537.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Stuart H (June 2003). "Violence and mental illness: an overview". World Psychiatry. 2 (2): 121–124. PMC 1525086. PMID 16946914.
- ↑ Brekke, John S.; Prindle, C; Bae, SW; Long, JD (2001). "Risks for individuals with schizophrenia who are living in the community". Psychiatric Services. 52 (10): 1358–66. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.10.1358. PMID 11585953.
- ↑ Teplin, Linda A.; McClelland, GM; Abram, KM; Weiner, DA (2005). "Crime victimization in adults with severe mental illness: comparison with the National Crime Victimization Survey". Archives of General Psychiatry. 62 (8): 911–21. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.911. PMC 1389236. PMID 16061769.
- ↑ Petersilia, J.R. (2001). "Crime victims with developmental disabilities: a review essay". Criminal Justice and Behavior. 28 (6): 655–94. doi:10.1177/009385480102800601. S2CID 145599816.
- ↑ Pilgrim, David; Rogers, Anne (2005). A sociology of mental health and illness (3rd ed.). Milton Keynes: Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-21583-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[page needed] - ↑ Steadman, H.J.; Mulvey, EP; Monahan, J; Robbins, PC; Appelbaum, PS; Grisso, T; Roth, LH; Silver, E (1998). "Violence by people discharged from acute psychiatric inpatient facilities and by others in the same neighborhoods". Archives of General Psychiatry. 55 (5): 393–401. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.5.393. PMID 9596041.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Fazel, Seena; Gulati, Gautam; Linsell, Louise; Geddes, John R.; Grann, Martin (2009). McGrath, John (ed.). "Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS Medicine. 6 (8): e1000120. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000120. PMC 2718581. PMID 19668362.
- ↑ Striegel-Moore, Ruth H., et al. Abuse, bullying, and discrimination as risk factors for binge eating disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 159.11 (2002): 1902-1907.
- ↑ Eisenhauer, Jennifer. 2007. Just looking and staring back: challenging ableism through disability performance art. Studies in Art Education 49.1 2007: 7-22.
- ↑ Saczkowski, Thomas. Narratives of violence: The relationship of masculinity and ableism. Diss. 2011.
- ↑ Taylor, P. J.; Gunn, J. (1999). "Homicides by people with mental illness: Myth and reality". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 174: 9–14. doi:10.1192/bjp.174.1.9. PMID 10211145. S2CID 24432329.
- ↑ Solomon, P. L.; Cavanaugh, MM; Gelles, RJ (2005). "Family violence among adults with severe mental illness: a neglected area of research". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 6 (1): 40–54. doi:10.1177/1524838004272464. PMID 15574672. S2CID 20067766.
- ↑ Chou, Kuei-Ru; Lu, Ru-Band; Chang, Min (2001). "Assaultive behavior by psychiatric in-patients and its related factors". Journal of Nursing Research. 9 (5): 139–51. doi:10.1097/01.JNR.0000347572.60800.00. PMID 11779087.
- ↑ Logdberg, B.; Nilsson, L.-L.; Levander, M. T.; Levander, S. (2004). "Schizophrenia, neighbourhood, and crime". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 110 (2): 92–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00322.x. PMID 15233709. S2CID 12605241.
Other websites
[change | change source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mental disorders.