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"Covid" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Corvidae.
Coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19)
Other namesCOVID, Covid, (the) coronavirus
Transmission and life-cycle of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19.
Pronunciation
Medical specialtyInfectious disease
SymptomsFever, cough, shortness of breath, tiredness, loss of smell;[2] some are asymptomatic[3]
ComplicationsBlood clots, heart disease, kidney problems, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, chronic COVID syndrome[4]
Usual onset2–14 days (typically 5) from infection[2][5]
Diagnostic methodRapid antigen test, PCR test[5]
PreventionPhysical distancing, face masks, ventilation, quarantine, vaccination[5][6][7]
TreatmentSupportive and symptomatic[8]
MedicationNon-hospitalized: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, sotrovimab, molnupiravir[8]
Severe: Oxygen therapy, dexamethasone, remdesivir[8]
Critical care: Tocilizumab, sarilumab[8]
Prognosis20% require hospitalization[5]
Frequency776,973,220
Deaths~20 million (as of Dec 31, 2021)[9]

Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).[5] Symptoms often include fever, cough, breathing difficulties, tiredness, headache, loss of smell and taste, sore throat, vomiting, and diarrhea.[2] Onset is usually two to fourteen days after exposure to the virus.[2] Some people; however, develop no symptoms.[3]

Spread occurs mainly when an infected person is in close contact with another person.[10] This may occur by either airborne transmission or small droplets containing the virus.[11][12] Less commonly, the virus may spread via contaminated surfaces.[10] People can transmit the virus two days before they show symptoms, and generally remain infectious for up to 10 days, though those with severe disease maybe infectious longer.[11][13] Diagnosis is generally by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or rapid antigen test from a nose or throat swab.[5]

Preventive measures include physical distancing, use of a high quality face mask, ventilation of indoor spaces, and quarantine.[5][6][14] Several vaccines also decrease the risk.[7] Much of treatment is symptomatic and supportive.[8] In those who do not require hospitalization, but are at high risk, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, sotrovimab, or molnupiravir may be used.[8] For those who require oxygen therapy, dexamethasone and remdesivir may be used.[8] For those who required critical care tocilizumab or sarilumab may be added.[8]

Of those people who develop symptoms, around 80% recover without needing hospitalization, 15% require oxygen therapy, and 5% require intensive care.[5] Older people and those with other health problems are at a higher risk.[5] While most get better after a few weeks, some continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months.[15] As of 15 December 2024, at least 776 million cases have been confirmed, which has resulted in more than 7,070,000 deaths. 

The actual number of deaths was; however, estimated at nearly 20 million as of December 31st 2021.[9] The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.[16] The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic.[17]

References

  1. ↑ Template:Cite OED
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Symptoms". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 22 February 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ma, Q; Liu, J; Liu, Q; Kang, L; Liu, R; Jing, W; Wu, Y; Liu, M (1 December 2021). "Global Percentage of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among the Tested Population and Individuals With Confirmed COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA network open. 4 (12): e2137257. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.37257. PMID 34905008.
  4. ↑ "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Complications | BMJ Best Practice US". bestpractice.bmj.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Quarantine & Isolation". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 9 January 2022. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "COVID-19 and Your Health". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 "Clinical Management Summary". COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Wang, Haidong; Paulson, Katherine R; Pease, Spencer A; Watson, Stefanie; Comfort, Haley; Zheng, Peng; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Bisignano, Catherine; Barber, Ryan M; Alam, Tahiya; Fuller, John E; May, Erin A; Jones, Darwin Phan; Frisch, Meghan E; Abbafati, Cristiana; Adolph, Christopher; Allorant, Adrien; Amlag, Joanne O; Bang-Jensen, Bree; Bertolacci, Gregory J; Bloom, Sabina S; Carter, Austin; Castro, Emma; Chakrabarti, Suman; Chattopadhyay, Jhilik; Cogen, Rebecca M; Collins, James K; Cooperrider, Kimberly; Dai, Xiaochen; Dangel, William James; Daoud, Farah; Dapper, Carolyn; Deen, Amanda; Duncan, Bruce B; Erickson, Megan; Ewald, Samuel B; Fedosseeva, Tatiana; Ferrari, Alize J; Frostad, Joseph Jon; Fullman, Nancy; Gallagher, John; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Guo, Gaorui; He, Jiawei; Helak, Monika; Henry, Nathaniel J; Hulland, Erin N; Huntley, Bethany M; Kereselidze, Maia; Lazzar-Atwood, Alice; LeGrand, Kate E; Lindstrom, Akiaja; Linebarger, Emily; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lozano, Rafael; Magistro, Beatrice; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Månsson, Johan; Mantilla Herrera, Ana M; Marinho, Fatima; Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Monasta, Lorenzo; Naik, Paulami; Nomura, Shuhei; O'Brien, Edward G; O'Halloran, James Kevin; Olana, Latera Tesfaye; Ostroff, Samuel M; Penberthy, Louise; Reiner Jr, Robert C; Reinke, Grace; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Schmidt, Maria Inês; Shaw, David H; Sheena, Brittney S; Sholokhov, Aleksei; Skhvitaridze, Natia; Sorensen, Reed J D; Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth; Syailendrawati, Ruri; Topor-Madry, Roman; Troeger, Christopher E; Walcott, Rebecca; Walker, Ally; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Worku, Nahom Alemseged; Zigler, Bethany; Pigott, David M; Naghavi, Mohsen; Mokdad, Ali H; Lim, Stephen S; Hay, Simon I; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Murray, Christopher J L (April 2022). "Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21". The Lancet. 399 (10334): 1513–1536. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "COVID-19 and Your Health". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 14 July 2021. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted?". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  12. ↑ "Transmission of COVID-19". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  13. ↑ "Healthcare Workers". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  14. ↑ "Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 375: n2997. 3 December 2021. doi:10.1136/bmj.n2997. PMID 34862160.
  15. ↑ "COVID-19 and Your Health". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  16. ↑ Page J, Hinshaw D, McKay B (26 February 2021). "In Hunt for Covid-19 Origin, Patient Zero Points to Second Wuhan Market – The man with the first confirmed infection of the new coronavirus told the WHO team that his parents had shopped there". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  17. ↑ Zimmer C (26 February 2021). "The Secret Life of a Coronavirus – An oily, 100-nanometer-wide bubble of genes has killed more than two million people and reshaped the world. Scientists don't quite know what to make of it". Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
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