Tajikistan

Republic of Tajikistan Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Tajik) Jumhuriyi Tojikiston
Flag Emblem
Anthem: Суруди Миллӣ (English: "National Anthem")
Location of  Tajikistan  (green)
Capital and largest city	Dushanbe 38°33′N 68°48′E
Official languages	Tajik
Inter-ethnic language	Russian
Ethnic groups (2010)	81.1% Tajik 13.9% Uzbek 3.1% Pamiri 0.8% Kyrgyz 0.4% Russian 0.7% others
Demonym(s)	Tajik or Tajikistani
Government	Unitary dominant-party presidential constitutional republic
• President	Emomali Rahmon
• Prime Minister	Kokhir Rasulzoda
• Chairman of the Majlisi Milli	Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev
Legislature	Supreme Assembly
• Upper house	National Assembly
• Lower house	Assembly of Representatives
Formation
• Tajik ASSR	27 October 1924
• Tajik SSR	5 December 1929
• Independence from the Soviet Union	9 September 1991
• CIS full membership	21 December 1991
• Recognized	26 December 1991
• Admitted to the United Nations	2 March 1992
• Current constitution	6 November 1994
Area
• Total	143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) (94th)
• Water (%)	1.8
Population
• 2019 estimate	9,275,827 ((96th) [4])
• Density	48.6/km2 (125.9/sq mi) (155th)
GDP (PPP)	2018 estimate
• Total	$30.547 billion (132nd)
• Per capita	$3,354 (155th)
GDP (nominal)	2018 estimate
• Total	$7.350 billion (147th)
• Per capita	$807 (164th)
Gini (2015)	34 medium
HDI (2018)	0.650 medium · 127th
Currency	Somoni (TJS)
Time zone	UTC+5 (TJT)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+992
ISO 3166 code	TJ
Internet TLD	.tj

Tajikistan is a country in Central Asia. It was previously part of the Soviet Union. Tajikistan is a republic. The capital city is Dushanbe. The official language is Tajik,which is a dialect of Farsi (Persian).

Tajikistan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the CIS. Tajikistan is eighth in size of CIS countries.

Geography

Tajikistan is one of the new countries in South-central Asia. It is west of China, north of Afghanistan and Pakistan, that is separated by a narrow 14 km strip of Tajik claimed land known as the Wakhan Corridor in the Pamirs, east of Uzbekistan and south of Kyrgyzstan.

Tajikistan is landlocked in the middle of the continent of Asia.

Its total area is only about 143,100 square kilometres (55,300 sq mi). It is slightly smaller than Wisconsin, USA. Tajikistan’s borders total to 3,651 kilometres (2,269 mi) long.

A map of Tajikistan

Karakul lake

Dushanbe railway station

The climate has hot summers and mild winters.

Almost all of the country (85 percent) is mountainous with river-valleys running across, however high altitude mountains of Pomir are in the eastern part of the country, (which is the west end of the Himalayas). The climate there is semiarid to polar. The mountains cover an area of about 120,000 km² (46,000 sq mi). There are other countries within the mountain range. The mountains are between 3,600 to 4,400 metres (11,800 to 14,400 ft) high.

Karakul lake is located within a 52-kilometre-wide (32 mi) meteorite crater, which would have formed about 25 million years ago, or less than 5 million years ago.

History

The land that is now Tajikistan has been lived in since 4,000 BC. It has been under the rule of various empires throughout history, mostly the Persian Empires.

In the year 800, Islam came to north-east of Iran, (Nowadays called a part of this Land Tajikistan)

In 1868, Tajikistan became a Russian Colony. It later became a part of the Soviet Union .

On 9 September 1991, after long periods of mass protests against Soviet Government, the Parliament of Tajikistan declared independence from Soviet Union, and held first presidential elections.

Rahmon Nabiev, who ran the country during Soviet Union in the late 1970s and early 1980s, become its president. He was unable to bring any much needed reforms to the country, and so there were protests in the capital city, Dushanbe. The government responded by organising a pro-government demonstration, mainly made of old Communist Party members and people from the southeast of the country brought to the city. Anti-government protests did not stop, so the government gave weapons to the pro-government demonstrator. Then the Opposition armed themselves.

After this bloody civil war broke out. In which all of the new democratic parties, political organisations and movements together with the political Islamic movements created an alliance, opposing the old communist government and southerners.

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, many American and French Soldiers came into the country.

Political structure

In 2010 a leaked US Embassy cable described Tajikistan as

"... The greatest obstacle to improving the economy is resistance to reform. From the President down to the policeman on the street, government is characterized by cronyism and corruption. Emomali Rahmon and his family control the country's major businesses, including the largest bank, and they play hardball to protect their business interests, no matter the cost to the economy writ large... The government has limited opposition party operations and rejected electoral law reforms for the February 28, 2010 parliamentary elections. The Embassy does not expect the elections to be free and fair. There has been almost no coverage of opposition political parties by state media, and most of the population is unaware of the purpose of the elections..."

Provinces

Tajikistan is divided into 4 provinces.

Division	ISO 3166-2	Capital	Area (km²)	Pop (2008)
Sughd	TJ-SU	Khujand	25,400	2,132,100
Region of Republican Subordination	TJ-RR	Dushanbe	28,600	1,606,900
Khatlon	TJ-KT	Qurghonteppa	24,800	2,579,300
Gorno-Badakhshan	TJ-BG	Khorugh	64,200	218,000

References

• Poopak NikTalab. Sarve Samarghand (Cedar of Samarkand), continuous interpretation of Rudaki's poems ,Tehran 2020, Faradid Publications {Introduction}