Ogled vira Bitka za Černobil

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Bitka za Černobil
| partof            = [[Kijevska ofenziva (2022)|kijevske ofenzive]] in [[Ruska invazija na Ukrajino (2022)|ruske invazije na Ukrajino]]
| place             = [[Černobilsko izključitveno območje]] ([[Černobil]] in [[Pripjat]])
| map_label         = 
| map_caption       = 
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| result            = Rusija do umika svojih sil zavzame Černobil<!-- Please see FAQ on en talk page. Do not change without a discussion taking place. -->
| territory         = Ruske sile zasedejo [[Černobilska izključitvena cona|Černobilsko izključitveno cono]] in elektrarno; umaknejo se aprila 2022
| coordinates       = {{coord|51|16|N|30|13|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
| date              = 24. februar 2022
| caption           = Zemljevid okupiranih ozemlij v severni Ukrajini po drugi bitki za Černobil
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| image             = Battle of Chernobyl (2022).png
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| combatant2        = {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukrajina]]
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| units2            = {{flagicon image|Ensign of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.svg}} [[Oborožene sile Ukrajine|Ukrajinske oborožene sile]]
| combatant1        = {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Rusija]]
| units1            = {{flagicon image|Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg}} [[Oborožene sile Ruske federacije|Ruske oborožene sile]]
| commander1        = 
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| strength1         = Neznano
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| strength2         = Neznano
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| casualties1       = 1 ubit<ref>{{navedi splet | url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/russian-soldier-killed-radiation-destroyed-26616761 | title=Russian soldier killed by 'radiation from damaged Chernobyl nuclear plant' | website=[[Daily Mirror]] | date=April 2022 }}</ref>
| casualties2       = 169 ujetih<ref>{{navedi novice |last1=Cotovio |first1=Vasco |last2=Pleitgen |first2=Frederik |last3=Blunt |first3=Byron |last4=Markina |first4=Daria |date=2022-04-09 |title=Ukrainians shocked by 'crazy' scene at Chernobyl after Russian pullout reveals radioactive contamination |publisher=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/08/europe/chernobyl-russian-withdrawal-intl-cmd/index.html |access-date=2022-04-13 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412175007/https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/08/europe/chernobyl-russian-withdrawal-intl-cmd/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| notes             = 
| territory         = 
}}

'''Bitka za Černobil''' je bilo vojaško soočenje v [[Černobilsko izključitveno območje|černobilskem izključitvenem območju]] med [[Oborožene sile Ruske federacije|ruskimi oboroženimi silami]] in ukrajinskimi oboroženimi silami, ki se je začelo 24. februarja 2022, na prvi dan [[Ruska invazija na Ukrajino (2022)|ruske invazije na Ukrajino]].<ref>{{navedi novice|last=Griffiths|first=Brent D.|title=Russian troops seize Chernobyl's remnants after a battle, risking Western efforts to contain one of the world's most radioactive sites|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-troops-attack-through-chernobyl-exclusion-zone-risks-2022-2|access-date=25 February 2022|work=[[Business Insider]]|date=24 February 2022|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225003338/https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-troops-attack-through-chernobyl-exclusion-zone-risks-2022-2|url-status=live}}</ref> Ruske sile, ki so vdrle iz [[Belorusija|Belorusije]], so do konca tega dne zavzele območje [[Jedrska elektrarna Černobil|jedrske elektrarne Černobil]].<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Chernobyl nuclear plant targeted as Russia invades Ukraine|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/chernobyl-nuclear-plant-targeted-as-russia-invades-ukraine|accessdate=24 February 2022|website=Al Jazeera}} </ref><ref>{{navedi novice|last=Murphy|first=Francois|date=24 February 2022|title=IAEA says Ukraine nuclear power plants running safely, no 'destruction' at Chernobyl|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/iaea-says-ukraine-power-plants-running-safely-no-destruction-chernobyl-2022-02-24/|access-date=24 February 2022|work=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224211438/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/iaea-says-ukraine-power-plants-running-safely-no-destruction-chernobyl-2022-02-24/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{navedi novice|date=24 February 2022|title=Why would Russia want to take Chernobyl?|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/russia-want-take-chernobyl-rcna17615|last=Seitz-Wald|first=Alex|access-date=24 February 2022|publisher=[[NBC News]]|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224223748/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/russia-want-take-chernobyl-rcna17615|url-status=live}}</ref> Do 7. marca je bilo v elektrarni od njenega zavzetja ujetih približno 300 ljudi (100 delavcev in 200 ukrajinskih stražarjev).<ref>{{navedi novice|last1=Mohammed|first1=Arshad|last2=Landay|first2=Jonathan|title=Explainer: Why Russia and Ukraine are fighting for Chernobyl disaster site|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/why-russia-ukraine-are-fighting-chernobyl-disaster-site-2022-02-25/|date=24 February 2022|access-date=25 February 2022|work=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225034346/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/why-russia-ukraine-are-fighting-chernobyl-disaster-site-2022-02-25/|url-status=live}}</ref> 31. marca je bilo sporočeno, da se je večina ruskih vojakov, ki so zasedali to območje, umaknila v okviru prerazporeditve ruskih sil na tem območju med [[Kijevska ofenziva (2022)|kijevsko ofenzivo]].
[[Slika:Checkpoint_ditkatky_chernobyl_zone.JPG|sličica|Varnostna kontrolna točka na črnobilskem izključitvenem območju, 2010]]

== Ozadje ==
Med [[Černobilska nesreča|černobilsko katastrofo]] leta 1986 so bile iz [[Jedrska elektrarna Černobil|jedrske elektrarne Černobil]] v okolico izpuščene velike količine radioaktivnega materiala.<ref>{{Navedi splet|url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/chernobyl|title=Chernobyl Nuclear Accident|date=14 May 2014|website=www.iaea.org}}</ref> Območje okrog eksplodiranega reaktorja, s polmerom 30 km, so sovjetske oblasti evakuirale in zapečatile.<ref name="marples1988">{{navedi knjigo|author-last=Marples|author-first=David R.|title=The Social Impact of the Chernobyl Disaster|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1988|location=New York|isbn=978-0-312-02432-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/socialimpactof00marp}}</ref>{{rp|27}}<ref>{{navedi knjigo|author-last=Ritzer|author-first=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynQPYXUQF64C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA272&dq=%2522exclusion+zone%2522+%252230+km%2522+sealed+off+chernobyl&hl=en|title=Readings in Globalization: Key Concepts and Major Debates|author-last2=Atalay|author-first2=Zeynep|date=1 March 2010|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=978-1-4051-3273-2|page=272|language=en}}</ref> To območje je bilo uradno opredeljeno kot [[černobilsko izključitveno območje]]; njegove meje so se sčasoma spremenile.<ref name="Oskolkovetal">{{cite journal|last1=Bondarkov|first1=Mikhail D.|last2=Oskolkov|first2=Boris Ya.|last3=Gaschak|first3=Sergey P.|last4=Kireev|first4=Sergey I.|last5=Maksimenko|first5=Andrey M.|last6=Proskura|first6=Nikolai I.|last7=Jannik|first7=G. Timothy|last8=Farfán|first8=Eduardo B.|date=October 2011|title=Environmental Radiation Monitoring in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone – History and Results 25 Years After|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc837525/|url-status=live|journal=[[Health Physics (journal)|Health Physics]]|volume=101|issue=4|pages=442–485|doi=10.1097/HP.0b013e318229df28|pmid=21878769|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402025732/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc837525/|archive-date=2 April 2022|access-date=1 April 2022|s2cid=34630968}}</ref> Po [[Razpad Sovjetske zveze|razpadu Sovjetske zveze]] je to območje postalo del nove neodvisne Ukrajine<ref name="Petryna">{{navedi knjigo|author-last=Petryna|author-first=Adriana|title=Life Exposed: Biological Citizens after Chernobyl|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2002|location=New Jersey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPnZrC4kEv8C&pg=PA49|isbn=978-0-691-09019-1}}</ref>{{rp|p.4–5}}{{rp|p.49f.3}} in prišlo pod upravo Državne službe za izredne razmere Ukrajine.<ref>{{navedi knjigo|author=Economic Commission for Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AaUCEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA50&dq=chernobyl+independence+%2522exclusion+zone%2522+%2522ukraine%2522&hl=en|title=Environmental Performance Reviews: Ukraine - First Review|date=1999-12-17|publisher=[[United Nations]]|isbn=978-92-1-004057-0|language=en|page=50}}</ref>

Černobil je 130 km severno od [[Kijev|Kijeva]], regionalna cesta PO2, ki povezuje Černobil in Kijev, pa je v razmeroma dobrem stanju, kar ustvarja neposreden strateški koridor do Kijeva, ki bi ga ruske sile lahko izkoristile za zavzetje prestolnice.<ref name="Coakley" /> Izključitveno območje se nahaja tik ob meji z Belorusijo, rusko zaveznico, ki je na svojem ozemlju dovolila rusko vojaško krepitev.<ref name="Coakley" /> Satelitski posnetki so 16. februarja 2022 pokazali, da ruske enote gradijo [[Pontonski most|pontonske mostove]] čez reke na beloruski strani izključitvenega območja, [[poleški državni radioekološki rezervat]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Roblin|first=Sebastien|date=2022-02-16|title=Russian Troops Just Built A Pontoon Bridge Near Chernobyl|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2022/02/16/russian-troops-just-built-a-pontoon-bridge-near-chernobyl/|magazine=[[Forbes]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313002604/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2022/02/16/russian-troops-just-built-a-pontoon-bridge-near-chernobyl/|archive-date=13 March 2022|access-date=2022-03-29|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Napad in zavzetje ==
24. februarja 2022 ob 7. uri zjutraj je bila odpovedana načrtovana menjava delavcev v elektrarni, saj so bili delavci obveščeni, da je [[Ruska invazija na Ukrajino (2022)|Rusija začela popolno invazijo na Ukrajino]] in da mora biti elektrarna v stanju visoke pripravljenosti. Zjutraj je bilo na izključitvenem območju približno 300 ljudi, med njimi jedrsko osebje, zdravstveno osebje, gasilci, 169 vojakov ukrajinske nacionalne garde in štirje turisti.<ref name="How Russia took over">{{navedi splet|date=22 June 2022|title=How Russia took over Chernobyl|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/chernobyl-russian-occupation-nuclear-radiation-effects/|author-last=Kamenev|author-first=Maxim|access-date=24 June 2022|work=openDemocracy}}</ref>

Nekaj ur pozneje so ruske sile, ki so bile nameščene v Belorusiji, vdrle na območje izključitve skozi vas [[Vilča, Kijevska oblast|Vilča]].<ref>{{navedi splet|date=24 June 2022|title=Near Chernobyl, Residents Recall Brutality Of Russian Invasion|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/chernobyl-ukraine-russia-shelling-survivors-civilians-/31912135.html|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=24 June 2022|work=RFE/RL}}</ref> Do 14. ure so prispeli do glavnega upravnega urada elektrarne. V naslednjih urah so se poveljniki nacionalne garde in uprava štaba pogajali z ruskimi silami o predaji, ukrajinska vlada pa je javno objavila, da so ruske sile napadle černobilsko izključitveno območje.<ref>{{navedi novice|date=24 February 2022|title=Russian troops breach area near Chernobyl, adviser to Ukrainian minister says|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-troops-breach-area-near-chernobyl-adviser-ukrainian-minister-says-2022-02-24/|access-date=24 February 2022|work=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224165453/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-troops-breach-area-near-chernobyl-adviser-ukrainian-minister-says-2022-02-24/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Do konca dneva je ukrajinska vlada še sporočila, da so ruske sile zavzele [[Černobil]] in [[Pripjat, Ukrajina|Pripjat]].<ref>{{Navedi splet|date=24 February 2022|title=Chernobyl power plant captured by Russian forces -Ukrainian official|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/chernobyl-power-plant-captured-by-russian-forces-ukrainian-official-2022-02-24/|last=|first=|accessdate=24 February 2022|website=Reuters}}</ref> Po ruskem zavzetju območja izključitve je ameriška vlada objavila »verodostojna poročila, da ruski vojaki trenutno držijo osebje černobilskih objektov za talce.« <ref>{{Navedi splet|date=24 February 2022|title=White House Calls for Release of Any Hostages at Chernobyl Site|url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/L8tX4l44nrIyP8qzqwRP|last=Restuccia|first=Andrew|accessdate=24 February 2022|website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

[[Mednarodna agencija za jedrsko energijo|Mednarodna agencija za atomsko energijo]] je izjavila, da »na industrijski lokaciji ni bilo žrtev ali uničenja.«<ref name="IAEAStatement24Feb2022">{{Navedi splet|date=24 February 2022|title=IAEA Director General Statement on the Situation in Ukraine|url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-director-general-statement-on-the-situation-in-ukraine|last=|first=|accessdate=24 February 2022|website=International Atomic Energy Agency}}</ref> Rusija je pozneje sporočila, da si skupaj z Ukrajinci prizadeva zavarovati območje.<ref>{{navedi novice|last1=Karmanau|first1=Yuras|last2=Heintz|first2=Jim|last3=Isachenkov|first3=Vladimir|last4=Litvinova|first4=Dasha|date=2022-02-25|url=https://www.boston.com/news/world-news/2022/02/25/ukraines-capital-under-threat-as-russia-presses-invasion/|title=Ukraine's capital under threat as Russia presses invasion|website=[[Boston.com]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2022-04-03|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320162921/https://www.boston.com/news/world-news/2022/02/25/ukraines-capital-under-threat-as-russia-presses-invasion/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Ruska okupacija ==
Osebje, ki je delalo ob zavzetju elektrarne, je med rusko okupacijo ni moglo zapustiti in je še naprej skrbelo za delovanje elektrarne.<ref name="The story of 35 days">{{navedi splet|date=16 June 2022|title=Chernobyl: The story of 35 days of Russian occupation|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/06/16/chernobyl-the-story-of-35-days-of-russian-occupation_5986980_4.html|author-last=Vincent|author-first=Faustine|access-date=24 June 2022|work=Le Monde}}</ref> Osebje je zavrnilo več prošenj ruskih sil, da bi dalo intervju za televizijski kanal [[Zvezda (TV kanal)|Zvezda]], ki je v lasti ruskega ministrstva za obrambo.<ref name="How Russia took over" /> Ruske sile so na postaji postavile več varnostnih kontrolnih točk, osebje pa so skrbno nadzorovale.<ref>{{navedi splet|date=31 May 2022|title='No way out': Life under the Russians at Chernobyl|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/no-way-out-life-under-the-russians-at-chernobyl|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=24 June 2022|work=Radio France Internationale}}</ref>

9. marca 2022 je ukrajinski minister za zunanje zadeve [[Dmitro Kuleba]] dejal, da je bilo napajanje jedrske elektrarne v Černobilu poškodovano, izgubila je električno energijo, rezervni sistemi dizelskih generatorjev pa so imeli dovolj goriva le za 48 ur hlajenja, zato je obstajala nevarnost uhajanja sevanja.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1501531157510426625|user=DmytroKuleba|title=The only electrical grid supplying the Chernobyl NPP and all its nuclear facilities occupied by Russian army is damaged. CNPP lost all electric supply. I call on the international community to urgently demand Russia to cease fire and allow repair units to restore power supply 1/2|author-link=Dmytro Kuleba|date=9 March 2022|access-date=12 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310220934/https://twitter.com/DmytroKuleba/status/1501531157510426625|archive-date=10 March 2022|url-status=live|last=Kuleba|first=Dmytro}}</ref> Tveganje je bilo negotovo, vendar so ruske vojaške operacije že povzročile jedrsko tveganje, ko so povzročile požar pri prevzemu [[Jedrska elektrarna Zaporožje|jedrske elektrarne Zaporožje]].<ref>{{navedi novice|date=3 March 2022|title=Live updates: Russian troops shelling nuclear power station|url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-live-updates-cbd6eed3e1b8f4946f5f490afd06b4be|access-date=4 March 2022|work=[[Associated Press]]|archive-date=3 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303234454/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-live-updates-cbd6eed3e1b8f4946f5f490afd06b4be|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Update 14 – IAEA Director General Statement on Situation in Ukraine|publisher=[[International Atomic Energy Agency]]|date=7 March 2022|access-date=26 March 2022|url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-14-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310104450/https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-14-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine|archive-date=10 March 2022}}</ref> Tiskovna predstavnica ruskega ministrstva za zunanje zadeve [[Marija Zaharova]] je zatrdila, da ruska nacionalna garda izvaja »skupno operacijo« z lokalnimi delavci in predanimi ukrajinskimi vojaki, da bi ohranila omejitev jedrske elektrarne v Černobilu.<ref>{{navedi novice|url=https://tass.com/politics/1419025|title=Situation at Chernobyl NPP under joint control — Russian diplomat|agency=[[TASS]]|date=9 May 2022|access-date=26 March 2022|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313064702/https://tass.com/politics/1419025|url-status=live}}</ref>

MAAE je izdala izjavo, v kateri je izrazila zaskrbljenost zaradi razmer, vendar je menila, da odklop ni pomenil neposrednega kritičnega tveganja za delovanje, saj so velike količine vode omogočale zadostno hlajenje brez električne energije. Kljub temu je agencija priznala, da bi pomanjkanje električne energije lahko poslabšalo sevalno varnost, zlasti zaradi povečane delovne obremenitve in stresa 210 zaposlenih, ki na lokaciji delajo brez menjave izmen. MAAE je izrazila tudi zaskrbljenost zaradi prekinitve komunikacij in sposobnosti osebja, da sprejema odločitve brez nepotrebnega pritiska.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Update 16 – IAEA Director General Statement on Situation in Ukraine|publisher=[[International Atomic Energy Agency]]|date=9 March 2022|access-date=26 March 2022|url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-16-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313194617/https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-16-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine|archive-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> 10. marca 2022 je bilo sporočeno, da so bili vsi stiki z elektrarno izgubljeni.<ref>{{navedi novice|last1=Child|first1=David|last2=Gadzo|first2=Mersiha|last3=Najjar|first3=Farah|last4=Siddiqui|first4=Usaid|date=10 March 2022|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/ukraine-tells-iaea-it-lost-contact-chernobyl-plant-liveblog|title=Latest Ukraine updates: UN stresses 'urgent' need for talks|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=11 March 2022|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313140744/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/ukraine-tells-iaea-it-lost-contact-chernobyl-plant-liveblog|url-status=live}}</ref>

18. marca so ruske sile napadle [[Slavutič]], mesto, ki je bilo zgrajeno za nastanitev delavcev jedrske elektrarne v Černobilu po nesreči. [[Bitka za Slavutič|Bitka]] je trajala devet dni in se je končala z rusko zmago. Ruske sile so 20. marca nekaterim zaposlenim v elektrarni dovolile, da odidejo in se vrnejo domov, pri čemer so jih zamenjali prostovoljci, ki so bili ob zavzetju elektrarne zunaj nje.<ref name="How Russia took over" />

=== Potencialna izpostavljenost sevanju ===
[[Reuters]] je poročal, da so ruske sile uporabljale [[Rdeči gozd]] kot pot za svoje konvoje, ki so dvigali oblake radioaktivnega prahu. Lokalni delavci so povedali, da ruski vojaki, ki so se gibali v teh konvojih, niso uporabljali [[NBC obleka|zaščitnih oblek]] in bi lahko ogrozili tudi sebe.<ref>{{navedi novice|date=2022-03-29|title=Unprotected Russian soldiers disturbed radioactive dust in Chernobyl's 'Red Forest', workers say|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/unprotected-russian-soldiers-disturbed-radioactive-dust-chernobyls-red-forest-2022-03-28/|access-date=2022-03-29|archive-date=29 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329223027/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/unprotected-russian-soldiers-disturbed-radioactive-dust-chernobyls-red-forest-2022-03-28/|url-status=live}}</ref> 31. marca 2022 je ukrajinski član sveta državne agencije Ukrajine za upravljanje izključitvenega območja na svoji strani na [[Facebook|Facebooku]] zatrdil, da so ruske vojake redno odstranjevali z izključitvenega območja okoli Černobila in jih odpeljali v Republiški znanstveni in praktični center za radiološko medicino in humano ekologijo v [[Gomel|Gomelu]] v Belorusiji. Te govorice so v tisku sprožile nadaljnje špekulacije, da so vojaki zboleli za [[Akutni radiacijski sindrom|akutnim radiacijskim sindromom]].<ref name="Withdraw">{{cite magazine|last=Cole|first=Brendan|date=2022-03-31|title=Russian Troops Sickened by Contaminated Chernobyl Soil: Official|url=https://www.newsweek.com/chernobyl-russia-troops-ukraine-yemelianenko-nuclear-1693714|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331195851/https://www.newsweek.com/chernobyl-russia-troops-ukraine-yemelianenko-nuclear-1693714|archive-date=31 March 2022|access-date=2022-03-31|url-status=live}}</ref> En ruski vojak naj bi umrl zaradi sevanja.<ref>{{navedi novice|last=Kilner|first=James|date=2022-04-01|title=Russian soldier dies from radiation poisoning in Chernobyl|language=en-GB|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/04/01/russian-soldier-dies-radiation-poisoning-chernobyl/|access-date=2022-04-13|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401232743/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/04/01/russian-soldier-dies-radiation-poisoning-chernobyl/|url-status=live}}</ref> 6. aprila so na spletu in v novicah zaokrožile slike in videoposnetki jarkov, lisičjih rovov in drugih obrambnih struktur v Rdečem gozdu.<ref>{{navedi novice|last1=Kramer|first1=Andrew E.|last2=Prickett|first2=Ivor|date=2022-04-08|title=Russian Blunders in Chernobyl: 'They Came and Did Whatever They Wanted'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/08/world/europe/ukraine-chernobyl.html|access-date=2022-04-12|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413023439/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/08/world/europe/ukraine-chernobyl.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|last=Guenot|first=Marianne|title=Ukraine shares video it says proves Russian troops dug trenches in Chernobyl, disturbing radioactive soil|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-claims-video-proves-russian-troops-dug-trenches-near-chernobyl-2022-4|access-date=2022-04-12|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|archive-date=12 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412204744/https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-claims-video-proves-russian-troops-dug-trenches-near-chernobyl-2022-4|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lokalni delavci in znanstveniki so povedali, da so ruske enote iz laboratorijev izropale radioaktivni material.<ref>{{navedi splet|last=Guenot|first=Marianne|date=2022-04-01|title=Chernobyl scientists accused looters of stealing radioactive material from labs there|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/radioactive-items-stolen-from-chernobyl-lab-in-russia-attack-scientists-2022-4|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2022-04-01|archive-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401141312/https://www.businessinsider.com/radioactive-items-stolen-from-chernobyl-lab-in-russia-attack-scientists-2022-4|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Ruski umik ==
29. marca je namestnik ruskega obrambnega ministra [[Aleksander Fomin]] napovedal umik ruskih sil z območja Kijeva,<ref>{{navedi novice|last1=Qena|first1=Nebi|last2=Karmanau|first2=Yuras|date=2022-03-29|title=Moscow says it will curb assault on Kyiv, Chernihiv; Russian troops seen withdrawing|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/moscow-says-it-will-curb-assault-on-kyiv-chernihiv-russian-troops-seen-withdrawing/|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2022-04-02|archive-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401020353/https://www.timesofisrael.com/moscow-says-it-will-curb-assault-on-kyiv-chernihiv-russian-troops-seen-withdrawing/|url-status=live}}</ref> 1. aprila pa je državna agencija za upravljanje izključitvenega območja sporočila, da se je ruska vojska popolnoma umaknila iz jedrske elektrarne v Černobilu.<ref>{{navedi novice|last1=Suliman|first1=Adela|last2=Francis|first2=Ellen|last3=Stern|first3=David L.|last4=Bearak|first4=Max|last5=Villegas|first5=Paulina|date=2022-04-01|title=Russian troops have withdrawn from Chernobyl, Ukraine agency says|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/01/ukraine-chernobyl-russia-troops-withdraw/|access-date=2022-04-02|archive-date=1 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401141559/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/01/ukraine-chernobyl-russia-troops-withdraw/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Po ruskem umiku je osebje elektrarne nad elektrarno ponovno izobesilo ukrajinsko zastavo.<ref name="The story of 35 days2" /> Generalni direktor MAAE [[Rafael Grossi]] je napovedal, da bo MAAE »čim prej« na območje poslala podporno misijo.<ref>{{navedi splet|date=1 April 2022|title=UN Atomic Agency Chief Says He'll Lead Support Mission To Chernobyl 'As Soon As Possible'|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/chernobyl-grossi-support-mission-russian-troops/31781346.html|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=24 June 2022|work=RFE/RL}}</ref> 3. aprila so ukrajinske sile ponovno vstopile na izključitveno območje.<ref name="How Russia took over2" />

Po vrnitvi ukrajinskega nadzora je bila ugotovljena velika škoda na delih pisarn elektrarne, vključno z grafiti in razbitimi okni. Washington Post je dodatno ocenil, da je bila uničena oprema, vredna približno 135 milijonov ameriških dolarjev, in sicer računalniki, vozila in dozimetri sevanja.<ref>{{navedi splet|date=3 June 2022|title=Inside Chernobyl nuclear plant devastated by Russian troops as $135m of equipment destroyed|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chernobyl-nuclear-russian-invasion-b2093272.html|author-last=Middleton|author-first=Joe|access-date=24 June 2022|work=The Independent}}</ref>

== Odzivi ==
Ukrajinski predsednik [[Volodimir Zelenski]] je rusko zavzetje območja označil za »napoved vojne celi Evropi«.<ref name="Shabad">{{Navedi novice|last=Shabad|first=Rebecca|title='This is a declaration of war against the whole of Europe': Zelenskyy warns Russia is trying to seize Chernobyl|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/live-blog/russia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289655/ncrd1289759|accessdate=24 February 2022|work=NBC News|date=24 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224231047/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/live-blog/russia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289655/ncrd1289759|archivedate=2022-02-24|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Mihajlo Podoljak]], svetovalec vodje urada predsednika Ukrajine, je dejal, da je šlo za »popolnoma nesmiseln napad«<ref>{{navedi novice|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-60514228|title=Russian forces seize Chernobyl nuclear power plant|work=BBC News|date=25 February 2022|access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref> in komentiral, da je »stanje nekdanje černobilske jedrske elektrarne, proces konfiniranja in skladišč jedrskih odpadkov neznano«.<ref>{{navedi novice|last1=Griffiths|first1=Brent D.|title=Russian troops seize Chernobyl's remnants after a battle, risking Western efforts to contain one of the world's most radioactive sites|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-troops-attack-through-chernobyl-exclusion-zone-risks-2022-2|access-date=25 February 2022|work=Business Insider|date=24 February 2022}}</ref> Mednarodna agencija za atomsko energijo je izjavila, da »na industrijski lokaciji ni bilo žrtev ali uničenja« in da je »bistvenega pomena, da varno delovanje jedrskih objektov na tem območju ne sme biti prizadeto ali moteno na noben način.«<ref name="IAEAStatement24Feb20222">{{navedi splet|date=24 February 2022|title=IAEA Director General Statement on the Situation in Ukraine|url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-director-general-statement-on-the-situation-in-ukraine|last=|first=|access-date=24 February 2022|work=International Atomic Energy Agency}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|last=Murphy|first=Francois|date=24 February 2022|title=IAEA says Ukraine nuclear power plants running safely, no 'destruction' at Chernobyl|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/iaea-says-ukraine-power-plants-running-safely-no-destruction-chernobyl-2022-02-24/|access-date=24 February 2022|work=Reuters}}</ref>

== Analiza ==
[[Slika:Battle_of_Ivankiv_(2022).png|levo|sličica|Pristop iz Belorusije prek Černobila v Kijev]]
V celotni sliki [[Kijevska ofenziva (2022)|kijevske ofenzive]] bi lahko zajetje Černobila obravnavali kot vmesno točko za ruske enote, ki so napredovale proti Kijevu. [[Ben Hodges]], nekdanji poveljnik [[Poveljstvo Kopenske vojske ZDA v Evropi|ameriške vojske v Evropi]], je izjavil, da je območje izključitve »pomembno zaradi tega, kje se nahaja... Če so ruske sile napadale Kijev s severa, je Černobil na poti.« Nekdanja ameriška namestnica pomočnika ministra za obrambo za Rusijo, Ukrajino in Evrazijo, [[Evelyn Farkas]], je dejala, da ruske sile »želijo obkrožiti prestolnico« in da v primeru ukrajinskega upora »vsekakor ne želijo, da bi ohlapni jedrski material plaval naokoli«.<ref>{{navedi splet|date=24 February 2022|title=Why would Russia want to take Chernobyl?|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/russia-want-take-chernobyl-rcna17615|author-last=Seitz-Wald|author-first=Alex|access-date=24 February 2022|work=[[NBC News]]|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224223748/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/russia-want-take-chernobyl-rcna17615|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{navedi novice|author-last1=Mohammed|author-first1=Arshad|author-last2=Landay|author-first2=Jonathan|title=Explainer: Why Russia and Ukraine are fighting for Chernobyl disaster site|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/why-russia-ukraine-are-fighting-chernobyl-disaster-site-2022-02-25/|access-date=25 February 2022|work=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225034346/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/why-russia-ukraine-are-fighting-chernobyl-disaster-site-2022-02-25/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Območje izključitve je pomembno za zajezitev posledic [[Černobilska nesreča|jedrske nesreče v Černobilu]] leta 1986; kot tako je ukrajinski svetovalec za notranje zadeve [[Anton Heraščenko]] dejal, da »če bodo okupatorjevi artilerijski napadi prizadeli skladišče jedrskih odpadkov lahko radioaktivni prah prekrije ozemlja Ukrajine, Belorusije in držav EU«.<ref>{{Navedi novice|last=Shabad|first=Rebecca|title='This is a declaration of war against the whole of Europe': Zelenskyy warns Russia is trying to seize Chernobyl|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/live-blog/russia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289655/ncrd1289759|accessdate=24 February 2022|work=NBC News|date=24 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224231047/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/live-blog/russia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289655/ncrd1289759|archivedate=2022-02-24|url-status=live}}</ref> Po poročanju BBC so nadzorne postaje na tem območju poročale o 20-kratnem povečanju ravni sevanja, in sicer do 65 [[Sievert|µSv]]/h. Za primerjavo: povprečen človek je izpostavljen [[Sevanje ozadja|sevanju ozadja]] v višini 0,41 [[Sievert|μSv]]/h. Claire Corkhill z [[Univerza v Sheffieldu|Univerze v Sheffieldu]] je izjavila, da je povečanje lokalno in da je deloma posledica »povečanega gibanja ljudi in vozil na območju Černobila in v njegovi okolici, ki je dvignilo radioaktivni prah, ki je na tleh.«<ref>{{navedi splet|date=25 February 2022|title=Chernobyl: Radiation spike at nuclear plant seized by Russian forces|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60528828|author-last=Gill|author-first=Victoria|access-date=25 February 2022|work=[[BBC]]|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225165134/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60528828|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Glej tudi ==

* [[Napad na Energodar|Bitka za Energodar]]
* [[Okoljski vplivi ruske invazije na Ukrajino (2022)|Okoljski vplivi ruske invazije na Ukrajino]]
* [[Vplivi ruske invazije na Ukrajino na jedrske elektrarne]]

== Sklici ==
{{reflist}}

== Nadaljnje branje ==

* {{navedi splet|last=Al-Arshani|first=Sarah|date=2022-04-02|title=Ukrainian flag raised over Chernobyl nuclear plant after Russian troops withdraw|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-regains-control-chernobyl-nuclear-plant-2022-4|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2022-04-02|archive-date=3 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403032825/https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-regains-control-chernobyl-nuclear-plant-2022-4|url-status=live}}

{{clear}}
== Sklici ==
{{Sklici}}
{{Ruska invazija na Ukrajino (2022)}}
[[Kategorija:Černobil]]
[[Kategorija:Bitke Ukrajine]]
[[Kategorija:Ruska invazija na Ukrajino (2022)]]
[[Kategorija:Bitke leta 2022]]
[[Kategorija:Bitke Rusije]]