@earthscience92

What is Science? Science – The systematic study of natural events and condition. Anything in living or nonliving world Scientific knowledge is always changing Ideas must be: – Testable, – Reproducible – Shared I will be able to describe what science is and the 3 main types of science.

What is Science? 3 Main Areas of Science – Life Science Biology – Living Things – Earth Science Study of the Earth – Geology – Physical Science Physics Chemistry I will be able to describe what science is and the 3 main types of science.

What are Characteristics of a Good Scientist? 6 Characteristics – Careful observations Use senses and tools – Curiosity Asking questions about the world around you – Creativity Be original Apply their imaginations to come up with a solution I will be able to list and describe six characteristics of a good scientist.

What are Characteristics of a Good Scientist? 6 Characteristics – Logic Reasoning through information Using evidence to make conclusion – Skepticism You don’t accept everything you hear or read immediately – Objectivity Set aside your personal feelings, moods and beliefs I will be able to list and describe six characteristics of a good scientist.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Scientific Method Problem Hypothesis (if/then) Experiment – An organized procedure to study something under controlled conditions. Analysis Conclusion I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – 1. Problem A specific question to be answered. Can be investigated Must be: – Well defined – Precisely stated. Example: – Does plant food affect the growth ? I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – 2. Hypothesis A testable idea or explanation Leads to an investigation. – Carefully constructed. » Must be testable. – Can still be useful if proven wrong. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – 2. Forming a Hypothesis A testable statement about the problem. Should be a possible solution or answer to the problem Must be tested to see if it holds true. An if/then statement Example: – If plants are given plant food, then they will grow taller than plants without plant food. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Must test hypothesis in a meaningful way. – Writing a procedure Numbered steps Start with a verb. – 1. Drop ball – 2. Measure bounce height. – Determine equipment needed. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Identify Variables Independent variable – Factor that is deliberately changed. » Manipulated – Independent – “I” can change it. – Should be identified in the hypothesis. – Example: » If plants were given plant food……. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Identify Variables Dependent variable – Change as a result of the independent variable. » Depends on the independent variable. – It is measured. – Example: » Growth Height I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Identify Variables Constants – Variables that will be kept the same. » Amount of Sunlight » Amount of Water » Same type of plant. – Help verify that the independent variable caused the change. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Identify Variables Control Group – Serves as a comparison for the scientist. » Shows that the independent variable caused the change. – The experiment without the independent variable. » A group with no plant food. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Data Information gathered by observation or experimentation. – Used in calculating or reasoning. – Gathered through the senses or instruments. – All observations are recorded. – Analyzed to draw conclusions. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Observations – Process of obtaining information using your senses – Qualitative – Quantitative I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Qualitative Observations Qualitative  Quality Deals with descriptions. Data can be observed but not measured. – Colors, – textures, – smells, – tastes, – appearance, – beauty, etc. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Quantitative Observations Quantitative  Quantity Deals with numbers Data can be measured – Length – Height – Area – Volume – Weight – Speed – time – temperature, I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Inferences An interpretation based on previous knowledge. Examples – The dog is barking, there must be someone at the door. – The sky is blue, it won’t rain today. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Collecting and Organizing Data Data must be recorded. Ways to Organize Data: – Tables – Graphs – Spreadsheets I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Collecting and Organizing Data Data Table: – Create a row for independent variable. » Label (units) – Create columns for dependent variable. » Label (units) I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Elements of good Graphs I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Creating Graphs Graphing Directions Label each axis on the graph with the name of the variable represented, be sure to include the units. – Independent variable on the x axis, label (units ) – dependent variable on the y axis, label (units ) I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Creating Graphs Determine the range for the axis. – Take the largest number and subtract it from the smallest number. Determine the scale for the axis. – Count the number of lines on the axis. – Divide the range by the number of lines. – Round up to the nearest whole number. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation. *** To skip numbers at the beginning of the axis use a squiggly line to show that numbers have been skipped. Ex: if you want to start the Y axis at 20 instead of 0, fill in the first block with a squiggly line.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Creating Graphs Assign each line on each axis a value following the scale you determined. Repeat the same steps for the other axis. Plot the points by putting a dot for each data point. Title the graph. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Interpreting Data & Analyzing Information Data must be studied. Data will help draw a conclusion. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Drawing and Defending Conclusions Conclude whether the results support the hypothesis – If not, rethink the hypothesis. Scientists must be prepared to defend their conclusion. I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations – Conclusions Explain what happened? (Do not use first or third person in your written conclusion- personal pronouns, no I or we in the conclusion) – Restate the problem that was investigated. Do not write in question format. (circle in the example) – State what the hypothesis was. (underline in example) – Explain what the results showed. (Box in) Include details/numbers from investigation. – Did the results support of not support the hypothesis? ( draw a star) – List any questions this data now leads you to? (The question could lead to another experiment.) (lightly shade) I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Investigations The problem investigated was to see how aspirin affected the growth of a cut carnation. The hypothesis that aspirin in the water of cut carnations would help the flowers last longer was not supported by the data. As the amount of aspirin was increased in the water, the flowers died faster. The flower with 1 aspirin lasted for 3 days and the flower with 4 aspirin lasted only one day. The control of the experiment, the flower with no aspirin in the water lasted the longest at 5 days. From this data the conclusion would have to be that aspirin does not help the flower last longer. However, this does bring up the question, what is it in aspirin that kills the flowers so fast? I will be able to list and describe the main parts of a scientific investigation.

What is the difference between a theory and law? Scientific Theory – Inferred explanations for observable phenomenon. A well-supported explanation of nature. Helps us to understand the laws we observe. Best explanation based on what is known. Valid as long as there is no evidence to dispute it. I will be able to describe the differences between a scientific theory and scientific law.

What are the parts of a scientific investigation? Scientific Law – Statements or descriptions of the relationships among observable phenomena. Explains the way the world works. Generalizes a body of observations. Hold true anywhere in the universe. I will be able to describe the differences between a scientific theory and scientific law.

How do Scientific Ideas Change? Scientific Knowledge – Is agreed upon. – All scientific knowledge: facts, theories, laws can change: 1. New evidence 2. Collaboration and debate – Scientist share ideas – Discuss and debate ideas – Come to an agreement – Question and challenge every idea. I will be able to explain how scientific knowledge can change.