SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN The Systems Development Environment

Presentation on theme: "SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN The Systems Development Environment"— Presentation transcript:

1 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN The Systems Development Environment
Lecture 1 The Systems Development Environment Ms. Natumanya Deborah /

2 Course outline Introduction to System Analysis and Design. (2 hours)
Impact of Information Technology. Information System Components. Impact of the Internet. Type of Information Systems. Information System Users and their needs. The Role of a Systems Analyst. The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). (2 hours) System study. Design phase. Development and implementation phase. Maintenance phase.

3 Cont... System documentation consideration. (4 hours)
Principles of Systems Documentation. Types of documentation and their importance Enforcing documentation discipline in an organization. System design and modeling. (8 hours) Process modeling. Logical and physical design. Conceptual Data Modeling: Entity-Relationship Analysis, Entity- Relationship Modeling, ERDs and DFDs. Concepts of Normalization: Process Description: Structured English, Decision Tree, Decision Tables. Documentation: Data Dictionary, Recording Data Descriptions.

4 Cont.... Input and Output. (8 hours) Classification of forms.
Input and Output forms design. User interface design and graphical interfaces. Standards and guidelines for GUI design. Designing Physical Files and Databases: Designing Fields, Designing Physical Records, Designing Physical Files, Designing Databases. Introduction to CASE Tools, Features, Advantages and Limitations of CASE Tools. Awareness about some commercial CASE Tools.

5 Reading list Shelly, G. and Rosenblatt, H. (2011). Systems Analysis and Design. Shelly Cashman Series. Hoffer, J. A., George, J. and Valacich, J. (2011). Modern Systems Analysis and Design. (6th Ed) Pearson Education. Dennis, A. and Wixom, B.H. (2002). Systems Analysis and Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Systems Analysis and Design, Donald Yeates (2004) Object Oriented Systems analysis and Design, Simon Bennett (1999) Systems analysis and design, Donald Yeates, Tony Wakefield (2004) Modern systems analysis and design, Jeffrey A.Hoffer, Joey F.George, Joseph S.Valacich (2008) Essentials of systems analysis and design , Jeffrey A Hoffer, Joey F.George, Joseph S Valacich (2009) Systems analysis and design methods, Jeffrey L Whitten, Lonnie D Bentley (2007)

6 Learning Objectives Define information systems analysis and design.
Describe the different types of information systems. Describe the information Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Explain Rapid Application Development (RAD), prototyping, Joint Application Development (JAD), and Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE). Describe agile methodologies and eXtreme programming. Explain Object Oriented Analysis and Design and the Rational Unified Process (RUP).

7 Introduction Information Systems Analysis and Design
Complex organizational process whereby computer-based information systems are developed and maintained In System Analysis more emphasis is given to understanding the details of an existing system or a proposed one and then deciding whether the proposed system is desirable or not and whether the existing system needs improvements. Thus, system analysis is the process of investigating a system, identifying problems, and using the information to recommend improvements to the system. Application Software Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes Systems Analyst Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of information systems

8 Skills of a Successful Systems Analyst
Analytical Understanding of organizations Problem-solving skills System thinking Ability to see organizations and information systems as systems Technical Understanding of potential and limitations of technology

9 Cont… Managerial Interpersonal
Ability to manage projects, resources, risk and change Interpersonal Effective written and oral communication skills

10 A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design
1950s: focus on efficient automation of existing processes 1960s: advent of 3GL, faster and more reliable computers 1970s: system development becomes more like an engineering discipline 1980s: major breakthrough with 4GL, CASE tools, object oriented methods 1990s: focus on system integration, GUI applications, client/server platforms, Internet The new century: Web application development, wireless PDAs, component-based applications

11 Impacts of Information Technology
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Impacts of Information Technology Organizations, Individuals, and Society

12 Impacts of IT Does IT have only positive effects? Ethical issues
Organizations Individuals Society

13 Ethical Issues Framework Protecting privacy Electronic surveillance
Personal information in databases Information on bulletin boards

14 Ethical Issues Transfer of data across borders Privacy codes
Privacy policy - a sample Protecting intellectual property Internal aspects

15 Ethics Framework Privacy Accuracy Property Accessibility

16 Impacts on Organizations Structure, Authority, Power, and Job Content
Flatter organizational hierarchies Staff-to-line ratio Centralization of authority Power and status Job content

17 Impacts on Organizations Structure, Authority, Power, and Job Content
Role ambiguity and conflict Personnel issues Employee career ladders Changes in supervision Manager’s job

18 Impacts on Individuals at Work
Job satisfaction Dehumanization and psychological Health and safety Job stress Repetitive strain injuries Lessening the impact on health and safety

19

20 Societal Impacts and the Internet Community
Opportunities for people with disabilities Quality of life improvements Quality of life Crime fighting The internet electronic community

21 The Internet Electronic Community
Communities of transaction Communities of interest Communities of relations Communities of fantasy

22 Information Technology and the Employment Level
Arguments that support massive unemployment Arguments contradicting massive unemployment

23 Telecommuting Advantages
Increased productivity Decrease absenteeism Decreased office costs Decrease pollution Decreased traffic

24 Telecommuting Disadvantages
Isolation Loss of fringe benefits Lower pay Workplace visibility - slower promotions Lack of socialization

25 Other Impacts Challenge to free speech versus Internet indecency
Social responsibility International implications

26 Managerial Issues Lawsuits - repetitive strain injuries
Different cultures - ethics Privacy Technological development Impact of EC Massive layoffs Telecommuting

27 Information System Components

28 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Organizational Hierarchy Organizational Levels Information Systems

29 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
MANAGERIAL LEVELS GROUPS SERVED STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERS KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE & DATA WORKERS OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL LEVEL MANAGERS SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN MARKETING & ENGINEERING RESOURCES

30 Four General Types of IS
1. Operational-level systems support operational managers by monitoring the day-to-day’s elementary activities and transactions of the organization. e.g. TPS. 2. Knowledge-level systems support knowledge and data workers in designing products, distributing information, and coping with paperwork in an organization. e.g. KWS, OAS

31 Types of IS Cont... 3. Management-level systems
support the monitoring, controlling, decision-making, and administrative activities of middle managers. e.g. MIS, DSS 4. Strategic-level systems support long-range planning activities of senior management. e.g. ESS

32 A Framework for IS (with respect to support provided)
Executive Support Systems (ESS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Office Automation Systems (OAS) Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

33 Relationship between different IS
ESS MIS DSS KWS/ OAS TPS TPS is a major producer of information for other systems

34 Information System Users and their needs.
The problem owner Iterative problems User involvement

35 The Role of a Systems Analyst.
Who is a system analyst? One responsible for analysis and design of information systems Roles:

36 Roles of the systems analyst
Study problems and needs of an organization Determine best approach to improving organization through use of: People Methods Information technology Help system users and managers define their requirements for new or enhanced systems

37 Cont… Assess options for system implementation
In-house development Outsourced development Outsourced development and operation Commercial application For in-house projects, work on a team of analysts and developers

38 COURSE WORK 1 What is information technology, and why is it important to a business? Define business profiles, processes, and modeling. Describe 4 organizational levels and describe their information requirements Describe 5 types of information system and give an example for each. Identify the main components of an information system and describe the systems stakeholders.