INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY DEFINED Anatomy: cutting up Physiology: relationship to nature Form follows function Opposable thumb Design of the pelvis Shoulder joint Shape of mouth/ saliva

What functions does the hand have? What functions does the heart have? What functions does the mouth have? How are these functions related to the structure/

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Subatomic particles Atoms Elements Molecules Macromolecules Organelles Cells Tissue Organs Organ systems Organisms

FIGURE 01. 03

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE What are universal characteristics of living things?

MAJOR REQUIREMENTS Life depends on five environmental factors • water • food • oxygen • heat • pressure In what ways does the human body require pressure to maintain life?

HOMEOSTASIS Receptors Control Center Brain or spinal cord Set Points Examples Normal Ranges Effectors Muscles and Glands

HOMEOSTASIS IN ACTION

FEEDBACK LOOPS Positive Feedback Loop Uncommon in the body Open wound, bleeding Inflammatory response Childbirth contractions Negative Feedback Loop Common Why in body do you suppose this is true?

GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS 12

BLOOD PRESSURE HOMEOSTASIS 13

CALCIUM LEVEL HOMEOSTASIS 14

BODY CAVITIES Cranial Thoracic Abdominopelvic

Thoracic & Abdominal Membranes Visceral layer – covers an organ Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall Thoracic Membranes Abdominopelvic Membranes • Visceral pleura • Parietal pleura • Visceral pericardium • Parietal pericardium • Parietal peritoneum • Visceral peritoneum

BODY IS WRAPPED IN MEMBRANES

BODY IS WRAPPED IN MEMBRANES

BODY SYSTEMS Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Digestive Respiratory Urinary Reproductive

INTEGUMENTARY Functions Major Components

SKELETAL SYSTEM AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM Function Major Components

NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS Function Major Components

CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS Function Major Components

DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, AND URINARY SYSTEMS Function Major Component s

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Function Major Component s

AGING Decreased Stiffening production of collagen and elastin of the skin Diminished levels of subcutaneous fat Wrinkling Aging Atrophy occurs and tissues and organs shrink

ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Ipsilateral Contralateral Proximal Distal Superficial Peripheral Deep

BODY PLANES Sagittal Midline Parasagittal Transverse Coronal

FIGURE 01. 23 A

FIGURE 01. 24 B

MEDICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES Cardiology Dermatology Endocrinology Epidemiology Gastroenterology Geriatrics Gynecology Hematology Histology Immunology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Oncology Ophthamology Orthopedics

MEDICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES CONT… Otolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics Pharmacology Podiatry Psychiatry Radiology Toxicology Urology