A time series chart shows how your data changes over a period of time. For example, you can display the count of website sessions daily over the course of a week, or your company's profit margin quarter by quarter for the last 4 years.
In this article:Time series in Looker Studio
A time series chart displays the time dimension as the X-axis (horizontal axis), with the Y-axis (vertical axis) representing the measurement scale. Individual metrics are plotted as a series of data points (also called "markers") between the two axes. You can have separate left and right Y-axes in a Looker Studio time series chart, if desired.
You can show up to five metrics in your time series chart. Each series can be shown as either a line or bar in the chart.
Time series example
The example chart below shows the distribution of website Users metric broken down by the Region dimension from a Google Analytics data source. The chart is filtered to show US states and has a date range of "Last Month."
Configure the chart
Add a new chart or select an existing chart. Then, use the Properties panel to configure the chart's Setup and Style tab properties.
The options in the Setup tab of the Properties panel determine how the chart's data is organized and displayed.
Data source
A data source provides the connection between the component and the underlying dataset.
- To change the chart's data source, click the current data source name.
- To view or edit the data source, click
. (You must have at least Viewer permission to see this icon.)
- Click +BLEND DATA to see data from multiple data sources in the same chart. Learn more about data blending.
Date range dimension
This option appears if your data source has a valid date dimension.
Note: This option does not appear for Google Ads or Google Analytics data sources, as these automatically select a dimension of type Date from the data source.
The Date range dimension is used as the basis for limiting the date range of the chart. For example, this is the dimension that is used if you set a date range property for the chart or if a viewer of the report uses a date range control to limit the time frame.
Dimension
Dimensions are data categories. Dimension values (the data that is contained by the dimension) are names, descriptions, or other characteristics of a category.
Drill down
This option appears on charts that support it.
Drilling down gives viewers a way to reveal additional levels of detail within a chart. When you turn on the Drill down option, each dimension that you add becomes another level of detail that you can drill into. Learn more about chart drill down.
Breakdown dimension
This option displays the metric data broken down according to the selected dimension. For example, a chart that shows annual sales data could be broken down by a Sales Region dimension to show sales by region or by an Employee ID dimension to show sales by sales associate.
Metric
Metrics measure the things that are contained in dimensions and provide the numeric scale and data series for the chart.
Metrics are aggregations that come from the underlying data set or that are the result of implicitly or explicitly applying an aggregation function, such as COUNT(), SUM(), or AVG(). The metric itself has no defined set of values, so you can’t group by a metric as you can with a dimension.
Optional metrics
You can add optional metrics by selecting the Optional metrics switch and selecting metrics from the Add metric field selector. You can also drag and drop metrics from the fields list on the Data panel to the Optional metrics selector.
Metric sliders
Turn on the Metric sliders switch to add a metric slider to your boxplot chart.
Breakdown dimension sort
The Breakdown dimension sort setting controls the default sorting behavior of the breakdown dimension.
You can select any metric in the chart's data source, or any dimension that is currently displayed in the chart, to use as the sorting field.
Default date range
The Default date range property lets you set a timeframe for an individual chart.
Default date range options
| Auto | Uses the default date range, which is determined by the chart's data source. |
| Custom | Lets you use the calendar widget to select a custom date range for the chart. |
| Date compare type | Displays comparison data for the selected time period. |
Filter
Filters restrict the data that is displayed in the component by including or excluding the values that you specify. Learn more about the filter property.
Filter options
| Filter name | Click an existing filter to edit it. Mouse over the filter name and click X to delete it. |
| +Add a filter | Click this option to create a new filter for the chart. |
Chart interactions
When the Cross-filtering option is enabled on a chart, that chart acts like a filter control. You can filter the report by clicking or brushing your mouse across the chart. Learn more about cross-filtering.
The Zoom option lets you zoom into a chart and pan on that chart to view all the data that is present. Learn more about zooming and panning on Cartesian charts.
The options in the Style tab control the overall presentation and appearance of the chart.
Title
If you select the Show title checkbox, you can add a title and customize its appearance and placement on the chart.
Title options
| Title | Provides a text field where report editors can enter a custom title for the chart. |
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Title font type |
Sets the font type for the title text. |
| Title font size | Sets the font size for the title text. |
| Font styling options | Applies bold, italic, or underline styling to the title text. |
| Title font color | Sets the font color for the title text. |
| Left | Aligns the chart title to the left side of the chart. |
| Center |
Centers the chart title above or below the chart. |
| Right | Aligns the chart title to the right side of the chart. |
| Top | Positions the chart title at the top of the chart. |
| Bottom | Positions the chart title at the bottom of the chart. |
Color by
This section controls how your data is colored. Learn more about coloring your data.
These options appear when you have a secondary (breakdown) dimension in your chart.
| Single Color |
When this option is selected, the data series is displayed in shades of a single color. Otherwise, the chart displays in multiple colors, according to your report theme.
You can set specific colors by using each data series' color picker. |
| Series order |
Use the current theme to color the data according to its position in the chart. This option emphasizes the ranking of the data over the identity of the data. You can set specific colors by using each data series' color picker. |
| Dimension values |
This option colors each dimension value in the chart with the color that is specified in the dimension value color map. This option ensures that your data uses color consistently, regardless of the position of that data in the chart. |
Series
This section repeats for each metric displayed in the chart. The order of sections matches the order of the metrics listed in the DATA tab.
| Line or Bars | Displays the data points for this series as a line or bar. |
| Line weight |
Determines the thickness of line series. |
| Line style |
Determines the style and appearance of the series line. |
| Series color | Sets the color for the series line or bar. |
| Cumulative | When checked, data for this series is summed over time. Otherwise, the data is shown with no additional aggregation. |
| Show points | Displays individual data points on a line series. Viewers can mouse over a data point to display its value. |
| Show data labels | Displays individual values on for the data points in the series. Selecting this option also reveals the Data label section, where you can control the presentation of the labels on the chart. |
| Stepped lines | Displays a line with a series of steps between data points instead of a smooth line that connects the data points. |
Data label
If you select the Show data labels checkbox, you can configure the following options.
| Compact Numbers |
Rounds numbers and displays the unit indicator. For example, 553,939 becomes 553.9K. |
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| Decimal Precision | Sets the number of decimal places in metric values. | |
| Labels font size | Sets the font size for the label text. | |
| Labels font color | Sets the font color for the label text. | |
| Labels font family | Sets the font type of the label text. | |
| Font styling options | Applies bold or italic styling to the label text. | |
| Labels background | Sets a background color for the label text. | |
| Labels opacity |
For labels with a custom background color, this setting adjusts the opacity of the background for the label text. 100% opacity makes the background solid, and 0% opacity makes the background fully transparent. |
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| Labels border radius | For labels with a custom background color, this setting adds rounded borders to the chart background. Choose a value from 0px (90° corners) to 20px (maximum rounding). | |
Trendline
A trend line is a line that is superimposed on a chart to reveal the overall direction of the data. Looker Studio supports several types of trend lines, which are available in the Trendline drop-down menu:
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Linear
A linear trend line is the straight line that most closely approximates the data in the chart. (To be precise, it's the line that minimizes the sum of squared distances from every point to it.) - Polynomial
A polynomial trend line displays data directionality as a curved line. It can be useful for analyzing large, highly variable data series.
- Exponential
An exponential trend line displays the direction of data that is best represented as an exponential of the form eax+b.
- Moving average
A moving average trend line lets report creators visualize a moving average calculation of the data on their charts. When you select a moving average trend line, specify the time period for the calculation.
The Moving average trend line type is available only for time series charts.
Trend lines are available only for time series charts and scatter charts.
Options for setting the trend line Weight, Style, and Color appear when an option is selected from the Trendline drop-down menu.
Intervals
Select the Add an interval icon to add an interval to your time series chart.
For more information about intervals in Looker Studio, visit the Add intervals to charts page.
Reference lines
Add a reference line or a reference band to your chart by selecting the Add a reference line or Add a reference band option.
For more information about reference lines and reference bands, visit the Add reference lines and reference bands to charts page.
Number of Series
Determines the number of breakdown dimension series that are displayed on the chart. This setting is available when you have set a value for Breakdown Dimension. Select a number of series to display from the drop-down menu. The series that are displayed are based on the Breakdown dimension sort specifications.
Group Others
Select the Group Others checkbox to aggregate the results that are outside of the specified Number of Series limit into a series that will have the label Others. This checkbox lets you compare other series against the context of the remaining results.
Missing data
This option appears when your time dimension is missing data. Looker Studio offers 3 ways of dealing with this situation.
Note: this option has no effect on bar series. The Line to Zero option will affect a trendline, however.
| Line to Zero | When you select this option, a line series will drop to zero for the missing dates. This is the default option. |
| Line Breaks | When this option is selected, missing data appears as breaks in the data series. |
| Linear Interpolation | When this option is selected, Looker Studio will continue the series by connecting the data points on either side of the missing data. |
Smooth
Click the Smooth checkbox to display series lines as curves.Zoom
After you enable the Zoom option for a chart on the Setup tab of the Properties panel, you can select one of the following options:
- Click and drag to zoom: Zoom by clicking and dragging to select a portion of the visualization to magnify.
- Scroll to zoom: Zoom by scrolling with your mouse.
Optionally, select the Pan/Zoom X-axis only checkbox to allow zooming and panning only along the X-axis.
Axes
These options control the display of the chart axes titles and scales. A right Y-axis section appears when you have more than one metric in your chart.
Axis options
| Show axes | Shows or hides the chart axes. |
| Reverse Y-Axis direction | Controls the vertical display of the Y-axis. |
| Reverse X-Axis direction | Controls the horizontal display of the X-axis. |
| Align both axes to 0 | Makes both left and right axes start at 0. Available for Cartesian line, bar, and combo charts that have left and right Y-axes. |
Left Y-axis
These options control the display of the chart's left Y-axis. A right Y-axis section appears when you have more than one metric in your chart.
Axis options
| Show axis title | Shows or hides the axis labels. | |
| Axis min and max | Sets minimum and maximum values for the axis. | |
| Custom tick interval | Controls the interval between axis ticks. | |
| Log scale | Makes the axis scale logarithmic. | |
X-axis
These options control the display of the chart's X-axis.
Axis options
| Show axis title | Shows or hides the axis labels. | |
| Custom tick interval |
Controls the interval between axis ticks. |
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| Range | Sets the range of the x-axis. | |
Grid
These options control the look of the chart grid.
| Axis color | Sets the color of the axis line(s). | |
| Grid color | Sets the color of the grid lines. | |
| Font family | Sets the font type of the grid line text. | |
| Axis font size | Sets the font size of the grid line text. | |
| Chart background | Sets the color of the chart background. | |
| Chart border color | Sets the color of the inner chart border. | |
Legend
These options determine the placement of the chart legend.
| Legend font color | Sets the color of the legend font. |
| Font size | Sets the size of the legend font. |
| Font family | Sets the font type of the legend font. |
| None |
No legend appears. |
| Right | Legend appears on the right. |
| Bottom | Legend appears on the bottom. |
| Top | Legend appears on the top. |
| Alignment | Sets the alignment of the legend relative to the selected position. |
| Max lines | Sets the number of lines used by the legend. If the number of series requires more lines, overflow items can be displayed by clicking the < and > arrows. Note that this setting only applies when the legend is set to Top. This setting has no effect if the legend is set to Right or Bottom. |
Background and border
These options control the appearance of the chart background container.
| Background | Sets the chart background color. |
| Border Radius | Adds rounded borders to the chart background. When the radius is 0, the background shape has 90° corners. A border radius of 100° produces a circular shape. |
| Opacity | Sets the chart opacity. 100% opacity completely hides objects behind the chart. 0% opacity makes the chart invisible. |
| Border Color | Sets the chart border color. |
| Border Weight | Sets the chart border line thickness. |
| Border Style | Sets the chart border line style. |
| Add border shadow | Adds a shadow to the chart's lower and right borders. |
Chart header
The chart header lets viewers perform various actions on the chart, such as exporting the data, drilling up or down, or sorting the chart. Chart header options are as follows:
| Show on hover (default) | Three vertical dots appear when you mouse over the chart header. Click these to access the header options. |
| Always show | The header options always appear. |
| Do not show | The header options never appear. Note that report viewers can always access the options by right-clicking the chart. |
| Color | Sets the color of the chart header options. |