Aquifers of Texas Page: 121

                                
Lipan
Aquifer

The Lipan Aquifer
is a minor aquifer found in parts of Coke,
Concho, Glasscock, Irion, Runnels, Schleich-
er, Sterling, and Tom Green counties in west-
central Texas. The aquifer includes water-
bearing alluvium and the updip portions of
older, underlying strata. The alluvium in-
cludes as much as 125 feet of saturated sedi-
ments of the Quaternary Leona Formation.
These deposits consist mostly of gravels and
conglomerates cemented with sandy lime
and layers of clay. The formation generally
fines upward with conglomerates existing
mainly in locations of thicker alluvium. The
underlying strata include the San Angelo
Sandstone of the Pease River Group and the
Choza Formation, Bullwagon Dolomite, Vale

Formation, Standpipe Limestone, and Arroyo
Formation of the Clear Fork Group. These
units are predominantly limestones and
shales. Groundwater in the alluvial deposits
and the upper parts of the older rocks is hy-
draulically connected, and most wells in the
area are completed in both units. Groundwa-
ter flow in the Lipan Aquifer does not appear
to be structurally controlled. Higher produc-
tion wells appear to correspond to alluvial
deposits overlying the Choza, Bullwagon,
and Vale formations. In these areas, thick
alluvial deposits with conglomerates lie near
the contact with the Permian. Groundwater
in the alluvium ranges from fresh to slightly
saline, containing between 350 and 3,000
Texas Water Development Board Report 380  121