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{{otomatik taksonkutu
{{Taksobitki
| italik_başlık = evet
| ad = Çiğdem
| ad = Crocus
| resim = Frühlingsblumen Krokus.jpg
| takson = Crocus
| resim_bilgi = Çiğdem çiçekleri
| resim = <!-- RESİMLER VİKİVERİ ÜZERİNDEN GÜNCELLENDİĞİNDEN DÜZENLEMELERİ ORADAN YAPILMALIDIR. -->
| alem = [[Bitki|Plantae]]
| resim_altyazı =
| bölüm = [[Kapalı tohumlular|Magnoliophyta]] <br />(<small>Kapalı tohumlular</small>)
| sıralama = L.
| sınıf = [[Tek çenekliler|Liliopsida]] <br />(<small>Bir çenekliler</small>)
| aralık_haritası =
| takım = [[Asparagales]]
| aralık_haritası_altyazı =
| familya = [[Iridaceae]] <br /><small>(Süsengiller)</small>
| durum = NE
| altfamilya = [[Iridoideae]]
| durum_sistemi = IUCN3.1
| oymak = [[Croceae]]
| cins = Crocus
| durum_kaynak =
<!--
| cins_yazar =[[Linnaeus|L.]]
| en_genç_fosil =
| altbaşlık = [[Tür]]ler
| açıklama =
| en_eski_fosil =
| fosil_kaynak = -->
Metne bakınız
| sinonimler =
| dış_bağlantılar = {{commons-species|Crocus}}
* ''Crociris'' -<small> Schur</small>
* ''Geanthus'' -<small> Raf.</small>
* ''Safran'' -<small> Medik.</small>
}}
}}
[[Dosya:Crocus kotschyanus1.jpg|küçükresim|upright=1.14|Blaps|<font color="grey">''Crocus kotschyanus''</font>]]
[[Dosya:Crocus sativus1.jpg|küçükresim|upright=1.14|Blaps|<font color="grey">''Crocus sativus'' (safran)</font>]]
[[Dosya:Crocus mathewii1.jpg |küçükresim|upright=1.14|Blaps|<font color="grey">''Crocus mathewii'' (Kalkan çiğdemi)</font>]]
[[Dosya:Crocus ancyrensis (BG Zurich)-03.JPG|küçükresim|upright=1.14|Blaps|<font color="grey">''Crocus ancyrensis'' (Ankara çiğdemi)</font>]]
[[Dosya:Crocus biflorus Prins Claus1UME.jpg|küçükresim|upright=1.14|Blaps|<font color="grey">''Crocus biflorus'' 'Prins Claus'</font>]]
[[Dosya:Crocus speciosus clump2.jpg|küçükresim|upright=1.14|Blaps|<font color="grey">''Crocus speciosus''</font>]]
'''Çiğdem''' ([[Latince]]: ''Crocus''), [[Iridaceae|süsengiller]] (Iridaceae) [[familya]]sına ait bir [[bitki]] türüdür.


'''''Crocus''''' veya '''Çiğdem'''<ref>Çiftçi, A., Mollman, R., Yıldırım, H., Erol, O. (2021). Türkiye’nin Bazı Kayıp Çiğdem Taksonları Üzerine Gözlemler ve Yabani Türlerin Korunması Üzerine Bazı Görüşler. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 8(3), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.941036</ref>, [[Iridaceae]] familyasına bağlı bir bitki cinsidir.<ref name="GBIF">{{Web kaynağı |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/7698|başlık=GBIF |erişimtarihi={{BUGÜN}}}}</ref><ref name="PaleoBioDB">{{Web kaynağı |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55861|başlık=PaleoBioDB|erişimtarihi={{BUGÜN}}}}</ref>
Çok yıllık, yumrulu, çingene pembesi ya da mavi çiçekli otsu bitkilerdir. Çiçekler, türüne bağlı olarak, ilkbahar ya da sonbaharda açar. İlkbaharda çiçeklenen türlerin yumurtalığı toprak altında kalan uzun çiçek tüpleri vardır. Çiçekler, geceleri ya da kötü havalarda kapanır. Çiğdemin ana yurdu [[Alpler]], [[Güney Avrupa]] ve [[Akdeniz]]'dir. Çiçeklerinden dolayı bahçecilikte aranan ve sevilen bir bitkidir.
== İnsan besini olarak tüketimi ==
Yumruları Türkiye'de çiğ olarak ya da külde pişirilerek yenir. Ayrıca yemeği de yapılır. Yemekleri arasında [[çiğdem pilavı]], çiğdem aşı, çiğdem sütlüsü başta gelir. [[Karadeniz Bölgesi]]’nde una bulayıp kızartması yapılır. Baharın ilk günlerinde toplanıp demet hâline getirilen sarı çiğdemler, [[Ankara]] şehir merkezinde seyyar satıcılarca tüketime sunulur.


==Taksonomi==
Çiğdemin çiğdem adıyla anılmayan tek türü, doğu mutfaklarının (Türk, Arap, İran, Hint ...) sultanı olarak bilinen ekonomik değerdeki [[safran]]dır (''Crocus sativus''). Safran, Türkiye'de [[Safranbolu]]'da yetiştirilir.
'''''Crocus''''' cinsine bağlı türler (2024):
{{div sütunu|colwidth=280px}}


# ''[[Crocus abantensis]]''
Dikkat edilmesi gereken husus: çiğdeme çok benzeyen fakat onun gibi yenilmeyip zehirli olan ''Colchicum'' türlerine de [[acı çiğdem]] (''çakal çiğdemi, zehirli çiğdem'') adı verilir. Yenilmemesi gereken bu bitkinin (''Colchicum'') yumruları, [[Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi]]'nde çiğdem (''Crocus'') türleriyle karıştırıldığı için, bilhassa toplayıp yiyen çocuklar arasına ağır zehirlenme vakaları görülebilmektedir.
# ''[[Crocus abracteolus]]''
# ''[[Crocus adami]]''
# ''[[Crocus adamioides]]''
# ''[[Crocus adanensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus aerius]]''
# ''[[Crocus akdagensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus akkayaensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus alatavicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus albocoronatus]]''
# ''[[Crocus aleppicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus alexandri]]''
# ''[[Crocus almehensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus ancyrensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus angustifolius]]''
# ''[[Crocus antalyensioides]]''
# ''[[Crocus antalyensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus antherotes]]''
# ''[[Crocus arizelus]]''
# ''[[Crocus armeniensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus artvinensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus asumaniae]]''
# ''[[Crocus athous]]''
# ''[[Crocus atrospermus]]''
# ''[[Crocus atticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus autranii]]''
# ''[[Crocus autumnalis]]''
# ''[[Crocus babadagensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus balansae]]''
# ''[[Crocus banaticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus baytopiorum]]''
# ''[[Crocus berytius]]''
# ''[[Crocus beydaglarensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus bifloriformis]]''
# ''[[Crocus biflorus]]''
# ''[[Crocus boissieri]]''
# ''[[Crocus boryi]]''
# ''[[Crocus boulosii]]''
# ''[[Crocus bowlesianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus brachyfilus]]''
# ''[[Crocus caelestis]]''
# ''[[Crocus calanthus]]''
# ''[[Crocus cambessedesii]]''
# ''[[Crocus cancellatus]]''
# ''[[Crocus candidus]]''
# ''[[Crocus caricus]]''
# ''[[Crocus carpetanus]]''
# ''[[Crocus cartwrightianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus caspius]]''
# ''[[Crocus chrysanthus]]''
# ''[[Crocus cilicius]]''
# ''[[Crocus clusii]]''
# ''[[Crocus coloreus]]''
# ''[[Crocus concinnus]]''
# ''[[Crocus corsicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus crewei]]''
# ''[[Crocus croceus]]''
# ''[[Crocus cvijicii]]''
# ''[[Crocus cyprius]]''
# ''[[Crocus dalmaticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus damascenus]]''
# ''[[Crocus danfordiae]]''
# ''[[Crocus danubensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus demirizianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus dilekyarensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus dispathaceus]]''
# ''[[Crocus duncanii]]''
# ''[[Crocus duplex]]''
# ''[[Crocus etruscus]]''
# ''[[Crocus fauseri]]''
# ''[[Crocus fibroannulatus]]''
# ''[[Crocus filis-maculatis]]''
# ''[[Crocus flavus]]''
# ''[[Crocus fleischeri]]''
# ''[[Crocus fritschii]]''
# ''[[Crocus gargaricus]]''
# ''[[Crocus geghartii]]''
# ''[[Crocus gembosii]]''
# ''[[Crocus georgei]]''
# ''[[Crocus gilanicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus gotoburgensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus goulimyi]]''
# ''[[Crocus graveolens]]''
# ''[[Crocus gunae]]''
# ''[[Crocus hadriaticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus hartmannianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus haussknechtii]]''
# ''[[Crocus hermoneus]]''
# ''[[Crocus heuffelianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus hittiticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus hybridus]]''
# ''[[Crocus hyemalis]]''
# ''[[Crocus ilvensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus imperati]]''
# ''[[Crocus incognitus]]''
# ''[[Crocus ionopharynx]]''
# ''[[Crocus iranicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus isauricus]]''
# ''[[Crocus jablanicensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus jessoppiae]]''
# ''[[Crocus kangalensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus karamanensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus karduchorum]]''
# ''[[Crocus kartaldagensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus katrancensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus kerndorffiorum]]''
# ''[[Crocus kofudagensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus korolkowii]]''
# ''[[Crocus kosaninii]]''
# ''[[Crocus kotschyanus]]''
# ''[[Crocus laevigatus]]''
# ''[[Crocus lazicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus leichtlinii]]''
# ''[[Crocus leucostylosus]]''
# ''[[Crocus lifloris]]''
# ''[[Crocus ligusticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus longiflorus]]''
# ''[[Crocus luteus]]''
# ''[[Crocus lyciotauricus]]''
# ''[[Crocus lycius]]''
# ''[[Crocus lydius]]''
# ''[[Crocus malatyensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus malyi]]''
# ''[[Crocus marasensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus mathewii]]''
# ''[[Crocus mawii]]''
# ''[[Crocus mazziaricus]]''
# ''[[Crocus mediotauricus]]''
# ''[[Crocus melantherus]]''
# ''[[Crocus mersinensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus michelsonii]]''
# ''[[Crocus micranthus]]''
# ''[[Crocus minimus]]''
# ''[[Crocus minutus]]''
# ''[[Crocus moabiticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus mouradi]]''
# ''[[Crocus multicostatus]]''
# ''[[Crocus munzurense]]''
# ''[[Crocus musagecitii]]''
# ''[[Crocus mysius]]''
# ''[[Crocus naqabensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus neapolitanus]]''
# ''[[Crocus neglectus]]''
# ''[[Crocus nerimaniae]]''
# ''[[Crocus nevadensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus nivalis]]''
# ''[[Crocus niveus]]''
# ''[[Crocus novicii]]''
# ''[[Crocus nubigena]]''
# ''[[Crocus nudiflorus]]''
# ''[[Crocus ochroleucus]]''
# ''[[Crocus olivieri]]''
# ''[[Crocus oreocreticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus oreogenus]]''
# ''[[Crocus orphei]]''
# ''[[Crocus pallasii]]''
# ''[[Crocus pamphylicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus paschei]]''
# ''[[Crocus pelistericus]]''
# ''[[Crocus pelitensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus pestalozzae]]''
# ''[[Crocus ponticus]]''
# ''[[Crocus pseudonubigena]]''
# ''[[Crocus pulchellus]]''
# ''[[Crocus pulchricolor]]''
# ''[[Crocus punctatus]]''
# ''[[Crocus puringii]]''
# ''[[Crocus rechingeri]]''
# ''[[Crocus reinhardii]]''
# ''[[Crocus reticulatus]]''
# ''[[Crocus rhodensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus robertianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus romuleoides]]''
# ''[[Crocus rujanensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus sakaltutanensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus salurdagensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus salzmannii]]''
# ''[[Crocus sativus]]''
# ''[[Crocus scardicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus scharojanii]]''
# ''[[Crocus schneideri]]''
# ''[[Crocus siculus]]''
# ''[[Crocus sieberi]]''
# ''[[Crocus sieheanus]]''
# ''[[Crocus simavensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus sivasensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus sozenii]]''
# ''[[Crocus speciosus]]''
# ''[[Crocus stevensii]]''
# ''[[Crocus striatulus]]''
# ''[[Crocus stridii]]''
# ''[[Crocus suaveolens]]''
# ''[[Crocus suworowianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus tahtaliensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus taseliensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus tauri]]''
# ''[[Crocus tauricus]]''
# ''[[Crocus thirkeanus]]''
# ''[[Crocus thomasii]]''
# ''[[Crocus thracicus]]''
# ''[[Crocus tommasinianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus tournefortii]]''
# ''[[Crocus vallicola]]''
# ''[[Crocus variegatus]]''
# ''[[Crocus veluchensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus veneris]]''
# ''[[Crocus vernus]]''
# ''[[Crocus versicolor]]''
# ''[[Crocus vitellinus]]''
# ''[[Crocus wattiorum]]''
# ''[[Crocus weldenii]]''
# ''[[Crocus xanthosus]]''
# ''[[Crocus yakarianus]]''
# ''[[Crocus yaseminiae]]''
# ''[[Crocus yataganensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus zetterlundii]]''
# ''[[Crocus ziyaretensis]]''
# ''[[Crocus zubovii]]''
{{div sütunu-son}}


==Dağılım ve habitat==
== Morfoloji ==
Akdeniz ve Kuzey Afrika'dan orta ve güney Avrupa'ya, Orta Doğu'dan Asya'ya ve Çin'in batısına doğru dağılım gösterir. Çoğu türü Türkiye'ye özgüdür ve diğer bölgelere tanıtılmıştır.{{sfn|Petersen et al|2008}}{{sfn|WCLSPF|2022}}{{sfn|Flora Italiana|2022}}{{sfn|Innes|1985}}
Çiğdemler küçük otsu yapılı, [[kormus]]lu (sert soğanlı) [[çok yıllık]] bitkilerdir. Yatık vaziyetteki kormuslar bir kılıfla örtülüdür. Az sayıdaki [[yaprak]]ların hepsi de tabanda yer alır; yeşil renkli, ince uzun yapılıdır. Üst yüzeyi soluk, orta kısmı şeritli, taban kısmı bir zarla çevrilmiştir. Gerçek bir gövde bulunmaz.


==Galeri==
Yerden çıkan [[çiçek]]ler saplıdır ve [[yumurtalık (bitki)|yumurtalık]] toprak altındadır. Çiçek örtüsü beyaz, sarı veya leylak ya da koyu mor rengindedir; uzun tüpsü, ince yapılıdır; segmentler benzerlik gösterir; eşit veya hemen hemen eşittir. [[Erkek organ (çiçek)|Erkek organlar]] tüpsü yapıda olup çiçek örtüsünün boğazına gömülüdür. Kapsül küçük, elips veya dikdörtgensi-elips biçimindedir. [[wikt:boyuncuk|Boyuncuk]] ince yapılı 1 adettir, her bir boyuncuk birbirine uzak duran tabandan birleşmiş 3 daldan oluşur.
<gallery>
File:Crocus alatavicus, 2011.jpg|''[[Crocus alatavicus]]''
File:Crocus aleppicus 1.JPG|''[[Crocus aleppicus]]''
File:Crocus ancyrensis002.jpg|''[[Crocus ancyrensis]]''
File:Crocus banaticus.jpg|''[[Crocus banaticus]]''
File:Crocus biflorus 03.jpg|''[[Crocus biflorus]]''
File:Crocus cancellatus04.jpg|''[[Crocus cancellatus]]''
File:Crocus carpetanus.jpg|''[[Crocus carpetanus]]''
File:Crocus cartwrightianus 'Albus'02.jpg|''[[Crocus cartwrightianus]]''
File:Crocus caspius.jpg|''[[Crocus caspius]]''
File:Crocus chrysanthus 'Zwanenburg Bronze'.jpg|''[[Crocus chrysanthus]]''
File:Albertacce Crocus corsicus.jpg|''[[Crocus corsicus]]''
File:Crocus etruscus02.JPG|''[[Crocus etruscus]]''
File:Crocus flavus ssp flavus 04.jpg|''[[Crocus flavus]]''
File:Crocus goulimyi3.jpg|''[[Crocus goulimyi]]''
File:Crocus graveolens, Çukurova University Campus, Adana, Turkey - 20060109.jpg|''[[Crocus graveolens]]''
File:Crocus HyemalisTavor1.JPG|''Crocus hyemalis''
File:Crocus imperati De Jager group 01.JPG|''[[Crocus imperati]]''
File:Crocus kotschyanus2.jpg|''[[Crocus kotschyanus]]''
File:Crocus laevigatus Fontenayi 03.JPG|''[[Crocus laevigatus]]''
File:Crocus longiflorus5.jpg|''[[Crocus longiflorus]]''
File:Crocus malyi sveti 1.JPG|''[[Crocus malyi]]''
File:Crocus minimus02.jpg|''[[Crocus minimus]]''
File:Flor_de_Safrà_Blanc_(Crocus_nevadensis).jpg|''[[Crocus nevadensis]]''
File:Crocus nudiflorus4.jpg|''[[Crocus nudiflorus]]''
File:Crocus olivieri 01.JPG|''[[Crocus olivieri]]''
File:Crocus pallasii 2.jpg|''[[Crocus pallasii]]''
File:Crocus pulchellus02.jpg|''[[Crocus pulchellus]]''
File:Crocus serotinus clusii flower.jpg|''[[Crocus serotinus clusii]]''
File:Flors alpines al cim de la muntanya de Parcent.jpg|''[[Crocus serotinus salzmannii]]''
File:W 7592.JPG|''[[Crocus scharojanii]]''
File:Crocus tournefortii Flowers.jpg|''[[Crocus tournefortii]]''
File:Crocus at north of the montagne sainte Victoire by JM Rosier 1.JPG|''[[Crocus versicolor]]''
image:Large flowering of purple crocuses.jpg|
image:CrocusEABowles.jpg|
Image:Frühlingsblumen Krokus.jpg|
File:Krokusse violett.jpg|
File:Krokusse im Schnee.jpg|
</gallery>


== Türler ==
==Konuyla ilgili yayınlar==
* {{cite journal |last1=Caiola |first1=Maria Grilli |last2=Canini |first2=Antonella |title=Looking for Saffron's (Crocus sativus L.) Parents |journal=Functional Plant Science and Biotechnology |date=2010 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=1–14 |url=http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/2010/FPSB_4(SI2)/FPSB_4(SI2)1-14o.pdf}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Caiola |first1=Maria Grilli |last2=Faoro |first2=Franco |title=Latent virus infections in Crocus sativus and Crocus cartwrightianus |journal=[[Phytopathologia Mediterranea]] |date=2011 |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=175–182 | jstor=26458691}}
* Seksiyon: '''''Crocus'''''
* {{cite journal |last=Challenger|first=Charlie|title= The Pleasures of Crocus |url=https://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/crocus.htm|journal=The New Zealand Garden Journal (Journal of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture)|volume=1|issue=1|pages=12–17|date=March 1986}}
** Seri: '''''Baytopi'''''
* {{cite journal| last1=Davies|first1= Kevin L.|title=The life and work of Sydenham Edwards FLS, Welshman, Botanical and Animal Draughtsman 1768-1819| url=https://journals.library.wales/view/1225327/1225824/35#?xywh=-1752%2C-197%2C5933%2C3913|journal=[[Swansea History Journal|Minerva - The Journal of Swansea History]]|volume=9 |pages=30–58|year= 2001}}
*** ''Crocus baytopiorum'' Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Day |first1=Jo |title=Crocuses in context: A Diachronic Survey of the Crocus Motif in the Aegean Bronze Age |journal=[[Hesperia (journal)|Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens]] |date=2011 |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=337 |doi=10.2972/hesperia.80.3.0337|s2cid=165105395 }}
** Seri: '''''Kotschyani'''''
* {{cite journal |last1=Dewan |first1=Rachel |title=Bronze Age Flower Power: The Minoan Use and Social Significance of Saffron and Crocus Flowers |journal=Chronika |date=2015 |volume=5 |pages=42–55 |url=http://www.chronikajournal.com/resources/Dewan%202015.pdf}}
*** ''Crocus karduchorum'' Kotschy ex Maw
* {{cite journal |last1=Harrison |first1=Richard G. |last2=Larson |first2=Erica L. |title=Hybridization, Introgression, and the Nature of Species Boundaries |journal=[[Journal of Heredity]] |date=1 December 2014 |volume=105 |issue=S1 |pages=795–809 |doi=10.1093/jhered/esu033|pmid=25149255 }}
*** ''Crocus kotschyanus'' K. Koch
* {{cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=John H. |title=Turkey as a Source of Garden Plants |journal=Garden History |date=1976 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=21–42 |doi=10.2307/1586521 |jstor=1586521 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1586521 |issn=0307-1243}}
**** ''Crocus kotschyanus'' subsp. ''cappadocicus'' B.Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Janick |first1=Jules |last2=Daunay |first2=Marie Christine |last3=Paris |first3=Harry |title=Horticulture and Health in the Middle Ages: Images from the Tacuinum Sanitatis |journal=[[HortScience]] |date=November 2010 |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=1592–1596 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.45.11.1592|s2cid=86510163 |ref={{harvid|Janick et al|2010}}|doi-access=free }}
**** ''Crocus kotschyanus'' subsp. ''hakkariensis'' B.Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Kandeler |first1=R. |last2=Ullrich |first2=W. R. |title=Symbolism of plants: examples of European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art: JANUARY: Crocus |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |date=25 November 2008 |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=6–8 |doi=10.1093/jxb/ern360|pmid=19213723 }}
**** ''Crocus kotschyanus'' subsp. ''kotschyanus'' K. Koch
* {{cite journal |last1=Mathew |first1=Brian |authorlink1=Brian Mathew|title=George Maw and his monograph |journal=[[The Kew Magazine]] |date=1986 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=186–189 |jstor=45066517 }}
**** ''Crocus kotschyanus'' subsp. ''suworowianus'' (K.Koch) B.Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Mohtashami |first1=Leila |last2=Amiri |first2=Mohammad Sadegh |last3=Ramezani |first3=Mahin |last4=Emami |first4=Seyed Ahmad |last5=Simal-Gandara |first5=Jesus |title=The genus Crocus L.: A review of ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology |journal=Industrial Crops and Products |date=November 2021 |volume=171 |page=113923 |doi=10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113923|ref={{harvid|Mohtashami et al|2021}}}}
*** ''Crocus scharojanii'' Ruprecht
* {{cite journal |last1=Negbi |first1=Moshe |title=Theophrastus on geophytes |journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |date=May 1989 |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=15–43 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb01708.x}}
*** ''Crocus vallicola'' Herb.
* {{cite journal |last1=Pastor-Férriz |first1=Teresa |last2=De-los-Mozos-Pascual |first2=Marcelino |last3=Renau-Morata |first3=Begoña |last4=Nebauer |first4=Sergio G. |last5=Sanchis |first5=Enrique |last6=Busconi |first6=Matteo |last7=Fernández |first7=José-Antonio |last8=Kamenetsky |first8=Rina |last9=Molina |first9=Rosa V. |title=Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy |journal=Plants |date=3 March 2021 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=477 |doi=10.3390/plants10030477|pmid=33802494 |pmc=7999489 |doi-access=free }}
** Seri: '''''Crocus'''''
* {{cite journal |last1=Rix |first1=Alison |title=George Maw, Joseph Hooker and the genus Crocus |journal=[[Curtis's Botanical Magazine]] |date=May 2008 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=176–187 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8748.2008.00616.x}}
*** ''Crocus asumaniae'' B. Mathew & T. Baytop
* {{cite journal |last1=Rudall |first1=Paula |last2=Mathew |first2=Brian |authorlink1=Paula Rudall|authorlink2=Brian Mathew|title=Leaf Anatomy in Crocus (Iridaceae) |journal=[[Kew Bulletin]] |date=1990 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=535–544 |doi=10.2307/4110516|jstor=4110516 }}
*** ''Crocus sativus'' L. ([[Safran]]
* {{cite journal |last1=Sharifi |first1=G. |title=Etymology, history and application of saffron (Crocus sativus l.) in ancient Iran |journal=[[Acta Horticulturae]] |date=January 2010 |issue=850 |pages=309–314 |doi=10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.850.53}}
*** ''Crocus mathewii'' H. Kemdorff & E. Pasche ([[Kalkan çiğdemi]])
* {{cite journal |last1=Trakoli |first1=Anna |title=Minoan Art, The 'Saffron Gatherers', c1650 BC |journal=[[Occupational Medicine (Oxford University Press journal)|Occupational Medicine]] |date=16 June 2021 |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=124–126 |doi=10.1093/occmed/kqab019|doi-access=free }}
*** ''Crocus pallasii''
* {{cite news|last1=Rana |first1=Yudhvir |title=Himachal Pradesh set for commercial cultivation of saffron |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/himachal-pradesh-set-for-commercial-cultivation-of-saffron/articleshow/83685219.cms|date = 20 June 2021|access-date=13 January 2022|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}
**** ''Crocus pallasii'' subsp. ''dispathaceus'' (Bowles) B.Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Harpke |first1=Dörte |last2=Kerndorff |first2=Helmut |last3=Raca |first3=Irena |last4=Pasche |first4=Erich |title=A New Serbian Endemic Species Of The Genus Crocus (Iridaceae) |journal=Biologica Nyssana |date=23 September 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=7–13 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.962907|ref={{harvid|Harpke et al|2017}}}}
**** ''Crocus pallasii'' subsp. ''pallasii''
* {{cite journal |last1=Kerndorff |first1=H |last2=Pasche |first2=E |title=Zwei bemerkenswerte Taxa des Crocus biflorus-Komplexes (Iridaceae) aus der Nordosttürkei |trans-title=Two remarkable taxa of the Crocus biflorus complex (Iridaceae) from northeastern Turkey|journal=Linzer Biologische Beitraege |date=31 July 1997 |issue=1 |pages=591–600 |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/LBB_0029_1_0591-0600.pdf|language=de}}
**** ''Crocus pallasii'' subsp. ''turcicus''
* {{cite journal |last1=Kerndorff |first1=H |last2=Pasche |first2=E |title=Two new taxa of Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) from Turkey |journal=Stapfia |date=2011 |volume=95 |pages=2–5 |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/STAPFIA_0095_0002-0005.pdf}}
* Seksiyon: '''''Nudiscapus'''''
* {{cite journal |last1=Kerndorff |first1=H |last2=Pasche |first2=E |last3=Harpke|first3=D|last4=Blattner|first4=FR|title=Seven New Species of Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) from Turkey |journal=Stapfia |date=2012|volume=97 |pages=3–16 |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/STAPFIA_0097_0003-0016.pdf|ref={{harvid|Kerndorff et al|2012}}}}
** Seri: ''Reticulati'''''
* {{cite journal |last1=Kerndorff |first1=H |last2=Pasche |first2=E |last4=Harpke|first4=D|last3=Blattner|first3=FR|title= Fourteen New Species of Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) from West, South-West and South-Central Turkey|journal=Stapfia |date=2013|volume=99 |pages=145–158 |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/STAPFIA_0099_0145-0158.pdf|ref={{harvid|Kerndorff et al|2013}}}}
*** ''Crocus abantensis'' ([[Crocus abantensis|Abant çiğdemi]])
* {{cite journal |last1=Miljković |first1=Milica |last2=Ranđelović |first2=Vladimir |last3=Harpke |first3=Dörte |title=A new species of Crocus (Iridaceae) from southern Albania (SW Balkan Peninsula) |journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |date=9 June 2016 |volume=265 |issue=1 |pages=39–49 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.265.1.3|ref={{harvid|Miljkovic et al|2016}}}}
*** ''Crocus ancyrensis'' (Herb.) Maw ([[Ankara çiğdemi]])
* {{cite journal |last1=Papanicolaou |first1=K. |last2=Zacharof |first2=E. |title=Crocus in greece new taxa and chromosome numbers |journal=[[Botaniska Notiser]] |date=17 January 1980 |volume=133 |issue=2 |pages=155–164 |url=https://eurekamag.com/research/005/068/005068709.php }}
*** ''Crocus cancellatus'' Herb.
* {{cite journal |last1=Peruzzi |first1=Lorenzo |last2=Carta |first2=Angelino |title=Crocus ilvensis sp. nov. (sect. Crocus, Iridaceae), endemic to Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago, Italy) |journal=[[Nordic Journal of Botany]] |date=February 2011 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=6–13 |doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.01023.x|ref={{harvid|Peruzzi et al |2011}}}}
**** ''Crocus cancellatus'' subsp. ''cancellatus'' Herb.
* {{cite journal |last1=Raca |first1=Irena |last2=Harpke |first2=Dörte |last3=Shuka |first3=Lulëzim |last4=Ranđelović |first4=Vladimir |title=A new species of Crocus ser. Verni (Iridaceae) with 2 n = 12 chromosomes from the Balkans |journal=Plant Biosystems |date=19 October 2020 |volume=156 |pages=36–42 |doi=10.1080/11263504.2020.1829735|s2cid=225006706 |ref={{harvid|Raca et al|2020}}}}
**** ''Crocus cancellatus'' subsp. ''damascenus'' (Herb.) B.Mathew
* {{Cite journal|last1=Ranđelović|first1=Novica|last2=Ranđelović|first2=Vladimir|last3=Hristovski|first3=Nikola|date=April 2012|title=Crocus jablanicensis (Iridaceae), a new species from the Republic of Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235660562|journal=[[Annales Botanici Fennici]]|volume=49|issue=1–2|pages=99–102|doi=10.5735/085.049.0116|jstor=23728141|s2cid=84237883|issn=0003-3847|ref={{harvid|Randelovic et al|2012}}}}
**** ''Crocus cancellatus'' subsp. ''lycius'' B.Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Schneider |first1=Ingo |title=Crocus brachyfilus (Iridaceae), a new species from southern Turkey |journal=[[Willdenowia (journal)|Willdenowia]] |date=2014 |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=45–50 |doi=10.3372/wi.44.44107 |jstor=24750912 |s2cid=86431711 |issn=0511-9618|doi-access=free }}
**** ''Crocus cancellatus'' subsp. ''mazziaricus'' (Herb.) B.Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=John Gilbert|author-link=John Gilbert Baker |title=A Classified Synonymic List of all the Known Crocuses, with their Native Countries, and References to the Works where they are Figured|journal=Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of London|date=1874 |volume=4 |issue=14|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/152500#page/129/mode/1up|pages=111–119 }}
**** ''Crocus cancellatus'' subsp. ''pamphylicus'' B.Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Curtis|first1=William |authorlink=William Curtis|title=Crocus vernus|journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine |date=1787 |volume=2|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7351#page/102/mode/1up|page=T45 }}
*** ''Crocus gargaricus'' Herb. (sin: ''Crocus gargaricus'' subsp. ''gargaricus'')
* {{cite journal |last1=Haworth |first1=Adrian |author-link=Adrian Haworth|title=On the Cultivation of Crocuses, with a short Account of the different Species known at present. February 7, 1809 |journal=Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London|date=1820 |volume=1 |pages=122–139 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151339#page/145/mode/1up |publisher=M. Bulmer & Co.}}
*** ''Crocus herbertii'' B. Mathew (''Crocus gargaricus'' subsp. ''herbertii'')
* {{cite journal |last1=Herbert |first1=William |author-link=William Herbert (botanist)|title=A History of the Species of Crocus |journal=The Journal of the Horticultural Society of London |date=1847 |volume=2 |pages=249–293 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43585461#page/267/mode/1up}}
*** ''Crocus reticulatus'' Steven ex Adams
* {{cite journal |last1=Sabine|first1=Joseph |author-link=Joseph Sabine|title=An Account and Description of the Species and most remarkable Varieties of Spring Crocuses, cultivated in the Garden of the Horticultural Society. January 6, 1829 |journal=Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London|date=1830 |volume=7 |pages=III: 419–432; IV: 433–498|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155840#page/482/mode/1up}}
**** ''Crocus reticulatus'' subsp. ''hittiticus'' (T.Baytop & B.Mathew) B.Mathew
* {{cite journal |last1=Sims|first1=John |title=Crocus susianus. Cloth of Gold Crocus|journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine |date=1803 |volume=18|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14296#page/139/mode/1up|page=T652 }}
**** ''Crocus reticulatus'' subsp. ''reticulatus''
* Farr, E. R.; Zijlstra, G. (eds). (1996-current). Index Nominum Genericorum (ING). A compilation of generic names published for organisms covered by the ICN: International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.
*** ''Crocus sieheanus'' Barr ex B.L. Burtt
* Aronsson, Mora (2004) Thomas Karlssons Kärlväxtlista
** Seri: '''''Biflori'''''
*** ''Crocus aerius'' Herb.
*** ''Crocus biflorus'' Mill.
*** ''Crocus biflorus'' subsp. ''adamii'' (J.Gay) B.Mathew
*** ''Crocus biflorus'' subsp. ''albocoronatus'' Kerndorff
*** ''Crocus biflorus'' subsp. ''alexandri'' (Nicic ex Velen.) B.Mathew
*** ''Crocus biflorus'' subsp. ''artvinensis'' (J. Philippow) B.Mathew
*** ''Crocus biflorus'' subsp. ''biflorus'' Miller
*** ''Crocus biflorus'' subsp. ''crewei'' (Hook.f.) B.Mathew
*** ''Crocus chrysanthus'' Herb.
*** ''Crocus danfordiae'' Maw
*** ''Crocus kerndorffiorum'' Pasche
*** ''Crocus leichtlinii'' (Dewar) Bowles
*** ''Crocus nerimaniae'' Yüzbasioglu & Varol
*** ''[[Crocus pestalozzae]]'' Boiss.
*** ''Crocus wattiorum'' (B. Mathew, '''1995''') B. Mathew ([[Tahtalı çiğdemi]])
** Seri: '''''Speciosi'''''
*** ''[[Crocus pulchellus]]'' Herb.
*** ''Crocus speciosus'' M. Bieb.
*** ''Crocus speciosus'' subsp. ''ilgazensis'' B.Mathew
*** ''Crocus speciosus'' subsp. ''speciosus''
*** ''Crocus speciosus'' subsp. ''xantholaimos'' B.Mathew
** Seri: '''''Flavi'''''
*** ''Crocus adanensis'' T. Baytop & B. Mathew
*** ''Crocus antalayensis'' Mathew
*** ''Crocus antalayensis'' subsp. ''antalyensis'' Mathew
*** ''Crocus antalayensis'' subsp. ''striatus''
*** ''Crocus candidus'' E.D. Clarke
*** ''Crocus flavus'' Weston
*** ''Crocus flavus'' subsp. ''dissectus'' T.Baytop & Mathew
*** ''Crocus flavus'' subsp. ''flavus''
*** ''Crocus graveolens'' Boiss. &Reut.
*** ''Crocus olivieri'' Gray
*** ''Crocus olivieri'' subsp. ''olivieri''
*** ''Crocus olivieri'' subsp. ''balansae'' (J.Gay ex Baker) B. Mathew
*** ''Crocus olivieri'' subsp. ''istanbulensis'' B. Mathew ([[İstanbul çiğdemi]])
*** ''Crocus paschei'' H. Kerndorff '''(1993)'''
*** ''Crocus vitellinus'' Wahl.
** Seri: '''''Intertexti'''''
*** ''Crocus fleischeri'' Gay.


== Kaynakça ==
== Kaynakça ==
{{kaynakça}}
* Prof. Dr. Turhan Baytop (1997), Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü, TDK yayınları: 578, Ankara, 1997

* Prof. Dr. Turhan Baytop (1984), Türkiye'de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, İstanbul, 1984
== Dış bağlantılar ==
* [http://biow.tubitak.gov.tr/present/taxonForm1.jsp?taxon=4727]{{Ölü bağlantı|tarih=Nisan 2020 }} TÜBİTAK Türkiye Taksonomik Tür Veritabanı
* {{cite web |last1=European Commission |title=Krokos Kozanis PDO |url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality/certification/quality-labels/eu-quality-food-and-drink/krokos-kozanis-pdo_en |website=Food, Farming, Fisheries: EU Quality Food and Drink |date=2022|access-date=4 January 2022}}
* {{cite web |title=Elenco delle specie - Genere: Crocus - Famiglia: Iridaceae |url=http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/floraspecie.php?genere=Crocus |website=Flora Italiana |access-date=5 January 2022 |date=2022|ref={{harvid|Flora Italiana|2022}}}}
* {{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Stephen|title= Crocus species (Iridaceae)|url=https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/cd/crocus |website=Oxford University Plants 400|publisher=Department of Plant Sciences, [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]]| date=2022|access-date=8 January 2022}}
* {{cite web |last1=FIFA |title=Emblem and match schedule for Poland 2019 unveiled |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/u20worldcup/fifa-u-20-world-cup-poland-2019/news/emblem-and-match-schedule-for-poland-2019-unveiled |website=Tournaments |publisher=FIFA |access-date=14 January 2022 |date=14 December 2018}}
* {{cite web |last1=Porcher |first1=Michel H. |title=Sorting Crocus names |url=https://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Crocus.html |website=Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database |publisher=Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, [[Melbourne School of Land and Environment]], [[University of Melbourne]]|access-date=22 January 2022 |date=25 June 2013}}
* {{cite web |last1=Sözen |first1=İbrahim |title=The Country Of Crocuses |url=http://crocusmania.blogspot.com/ |website=Crocusmania |access-date=23 January 2022 |language=tr |date=2022}}
* {{cite web |last1=Boland |first1=Todd |title=Crocus to Brighten the Spring Garden |url=https://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/977/ |website=[[Dave's Garden]] |access-date=23 January 2022 |date=20 September 2008}}
* {{cite web |last1=NCBI |authorlink=NCBI|title=CID 5281233, Crocin |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Crocin |website=[[PubChem]] |publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine|National Library of Medicine]] |location=Bethesda MD|date=2022a|access-date=24 January 2022 }}
* {{cite web |last1=NCBI |authorlink=NCBI|title=CID 5281232, Crocetin |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Crocetin |website=[[PubChem]] |publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine|National Library of Medicine]] |location=Bethesda MD|date=2022b|access-date=24 January 2022 }}
* {{anchor|Distribution}}{{cite journal |title=Distribution area of the genus Crocus subdivided into five different geographic regions (A-E) |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |date=March 2013 |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages= 617–627: Supplementary material|type=Map }}
* {{cite web|last=IBS|authorlink=International Bulb Society|title=Crocus|url=http://www.bulbsociety.org/GALLERY_OF_THE_WORLDS_BULBS/GRAPHICS/Crocus/Crocuslist.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060316/http://www.bulbsociety.org/GALLERY_OF_THE_WORLDS_BULBS/GRAPHICS/Crocus/Crocuslist.shtml|archive-date=3 September 2013|publisher=[[International Bulb Society]]|access-date=15 January 2022}}
* {{cite web |last1=PBS |authorlink=Pacific Bulb Society|title=Crocus |url=https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Crocus |website=Photographs and Information |access-date=21 January 2022 |date=5 March 2021}}
* {{cite web |last1=Bowles |title=Crocus Collection |website=[[Edward Augustus Bowles|E. A. Bowles]] of Myddelton House Society|url=https://www.eabowlessociety.org.uk/crocus |access-date=23 January 2022 |date=2022}}
* {{cite web |last1=Lonsdale |first1=John |title=Crocus |url=http://www.thealpinegarden.com/thumbnailindexcrocus.htm |website=The Lonsdale Collection |publisher=The Alpine Garden |access-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225192223/http://www.thealpinegarden.com/thumbnailindexcrocus.htm |archive-date=25 February 2014}}
* {{cite web |last1=Lonsdale |first1=John |title=Crocuses |url=http://edgewoodgardens.net/crocuses/ |website=The Lonsdsale Garden |publisher=Edgewood Gardens |access-date=23 January 2022 |date=2022}}
* {{cite web |last1=Goode |first1=Tony |title=Crocus Pages |url=http://archive.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Crocus/ |publisher=[[Alpine Garden Society]] |access-date=23 January 2022 |date=2022}}
* {{cite web |title=''Crocus''|work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=327117|access-date=4 January 2022|ref={{harvid|WCLSPF|2022}} }}
** [http://wcsp.science.kew.org/qsearch.do?page=quickSearch&plantName=Crocus Crocus türleri listesi]
* Çin florası
** {{cite web |last1= Zhao |first1=Yu-tang |last2=Noltie|first2= Henry J. |last3= Mathew|first3=Brian F.|authorlink3=Brian Mathew|title= Crocus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 36. 1753.|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=108403 |page=313|access-date=6 January 2022|year=2004|ref={{harvid|Zhao et al|2004}}}}, in Flora of China online vol. 24
** {{cite web |last1= Wencai |first1= Wang|last2= Bartholomew|first2= Bruce|title= Pulsatilla Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. [1136]. 1754.|url= http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=127637|page=329|access-date=10 January 2022|year=2004}}, in Flora of China online vol. 6
* {{cite web |last1=Ali |first1=S. I. |last2=Mathew |first2=Brian |authorlink2=Brian Mathew|title=Crocus L. |url=http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40016737?projectid=32 |website=Flora of Pakistan |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=7 January 2022 |date=2011}}
* {{cite web|last1=GBIF|authorlink=Global Biodiversity Information Facility|title=Crocus L.|url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2747303|accessdate=9 January 2022|ref={{harvid|GBIF|2022}}}}
* {{commons-ufak}}
* {{Vikitür-ufak}}

{{taksonçubuğu|from=Q157806 }}
{{otorite kontrolü}}


[[Kategori:Iridaceae| ]]
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{{Iridaceae-taslak}}
[[Kategori:Crocus]]

Sayfanın 18.34, 26 Mayıs 2024 tarihindeki hâli

Crocus
Korunma durumu
Değerlendirilmedi (IUCN 3.1)
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Plantae
Şube: Tracheophyta
Sınıf: Liliopsida
Takım: Asparagales
Familya: Iridaceae
Cins: Crocus
L.
Sinonimler
  • Crociris - Schur
  • Geanthus - Raf.
  • Safran - Medik.

Crocus veya Çiğdem[1], Iridaceae familyasına bağlı bir bitki cinsidir.[2][3]

Taksonomi

Crocus cinsine bağlı türler (2024):

  1. Crocus abantensis
  2. Crocus abracteolus
  3. Crocus adami
  4. Crocus adamioides
  5. Crocus adanensis
  6. Crocus aerius
  7. Crocus akdagensis
  8. Crocus akkayaensis
  9. Crocus alatavicus
  10. Crocus albocoronatus
  11. Crocus aleppicus
  12. Crocus alexandri
  13. Crocus almehensis
  14. Crocus ancyrensis
  15. Crocus angustifolius
  16. Crocus antalyensioides
  17. Crocus antalyensis
  18. Crocus antherotes
  19. Crocus arizelus
  20. Crocus armeniensis
  21. Crocus artvinensis
  22. Crocus asumaniae
  23. Crocus athous
  24. Crocus atrospermus
  25. Crocus atticus
  26. Crocus autranii
  27. Crocus autumnalis
  28. Crocus babadagensis
  29. Crocus balansae
  30. Crocus banaticus
  31. Crocus baytopiorum
  32. Crocus berytius
  33. Crocus beydaglarensis
  34. Crocus bifloriformis
  35. Crocus biflorus
  36. Crocus boissieri
  37. Crocus boryi
  38. Crocus boulosii
  39. Crocus bowlesianus
  40. Crocus brachyfilus
  41. Crocus caelestis
  42. Crocus calanthus
  43. Crocus cambessedesii
  44. Crocus cancellatus
  45. Crocus candidus
  46. Crocus caricus
  47. Crocus carpetanus
  48. Crocus cartwrightianus
  49. Crocus caspius
  50. Crocus chrysanthus
  51. Crocus cilicius
  52. Crocus clusii
  53. Crocus coloreus
  54. Crocus concinnus
  55. Crocus corsicus
  56. Crocus crewei
  57. Crocus croceus
  58. Crocus cvijicii
  59. Crocus cyprius
  60. Crocus dalmaticus
  61. Crocus damascenus
  62. Crocus danfordiae
  63. Crocus danubensis
  64. Crocus demirizianus
  65. Crocus dilekyarensis
  66. Crocus dispathaceus
  67. Crocus duncanii
  68. Crocus duplex
  69. Crocus etruscus
  70. Crocus fauseri
  71. Crocus fibroannulatus
  72. Crocus filis-maculatis
  73. Crocus flavus
  74. Crocus fleischeri
  75. Crocus fritschii
  76. Crocus gargaricus
  77. Crocus geghartii
  78. Crocus gembosii
  79. Crocus georgei
  80. Crocus gilanicus
  81. Crocus gotoburgensis
  82. Crocus goulimyi
  83. Crocus graveolens
  84. Crocus gunae
  85. Crocus hadriaticus
  86. Crocus hartmannianus
  87. Crocus haussknechtii
  88. Crocus hermoneus
  89. Crocus heuffelianus
  90. Crocus hittiticus
  91. Crocus hybridus
  92. Crocus hyemalis
  93. Crocus ilvensis
  94. Crocus imperati
  95. Crocus incognitus
  96. Crocus ionopharynx
  97. Crocus iranicus
  98. Crocus isauricus
  99. Crocus jablanicensis
  100. Crocus jessoppiae
  101. Crocus kangalensis
  102. Crocus karamanensis
  103. Crocus karduchorum
  104. Crocus kartaldagensis
  105. Crocus katrancensis
  106. Crocus kerndorffiorum
  107. Crocus kofudagensis
  108. Crocus korolkowii
  109. Crocus kosaninii
  110. Crocus kotschyanus
  111. Crocus laevigatus
  112. Crocus lazicus
  113. Crocus leichtlinii
  114. Crocus leucostylosus
  115. Crocus lifloris
  116. Crocus ligusticus
  117. Crocus longiflorus
  118. Crocus luteus
  119. Crocus lyciotauricus
  120. Crocus lycius
  121. Crocus lydius
  122. Crocus malatyensis
  123. Crocus malyi
  124. Crocus marasensis
  125. Crocus mathewii
  126. Crocus mawii
  127. Crocus mazziaricus
  128. Crocus mediotauricus
  129. Crocus melantherus
  130. Crocus mersinensis
  131. Crocus michelsonii
  132. Crocus micranthus
  133. Crocus minimus
  134. Crocus minutus
  135. Crocus moabiticus
  136. Crocus mouradi
  137. Crocus multicostatus
  138. Crocus munzurense
  139. Crocus musagecitii
  140. Crocus mysius
  141. Crocus naqabensis
  142. Crocus neapolitanus
  143. Crocus neglectus
  144. Crocus nerimaniae
  145. Crocus nevadensis
  146. Crocus nivalis
  147. Crocus niveus
  148. Crocus novicii
  149. Crocus nubigena
  150. Crocus nudiflorus
  151. Crocus ochroleucus
  152. Crocus olivieri
  153. Crocus oreocreticus
  154. Crocus oreogenus
  155. Crocus orphei
  156. Crocus pallasii
  157. Crocus pamphylicus
  158. Crocus paschei
  159. Crocus pelistericus
  160. Crocus pelitensis
  161. Crocus pestalozzae
  162. Crocus ponticus
  163. Crocus pseudonubigena
  164. Crocus pulchellus
  165. Crocus pulchricolor
  166. Crocus punctatus
  167. Crocus puringii
  168. Crocus rechingeri
  169. Crocus reinhardii
  170. Crocus reticulatus
  171. Crocus rhodensis
  172. Crocus robertianus
  173. Crocus romuleoides
  174. Crocus rujanensis
  175. Crocus sakaltutanensis
  176. Crocus salurdagensis
  177. Crocus salzmannii
  178. Crocus sativus
  179. Crocus scardicus
  180. Crocus scharojanii
  181. Crocus schneideri
  182. Crocus siculus
  183. Crocus sieberi
  184. Crocus sieheanus
  185. Crocus simavensis
  186. Crocus sivasensis
  187. Crocus sozenii
  188. Crocus speciosus
  189. Crocus stevensii
  190. Crocus striatulus
  191. Crocus stridii
  192. Crocus suaveolens
  193. Crocus suworowianus
  194. Crocus tahtaliensis
  195. Crocus taseliensis
  196. Crocus tauri
  197. Crocus tauricus
  198. Crocus thirkeanus
  199. Crocus thomasii
  200. Crocus thracicus
  201. Crocus tommasinianus
  202. Crocus tournefortii
  203. Crocus vallicola
  204. Crocus variegatus
  205. Crocus veluchensis
  206. Crocus veneris
  207. Crocus vernus
  208. Crocus versicolor
  209. Crocus vitellinus
  210. Crocus wattiorum
  211. Crocus weldenii
  212. Crocus xanthosus
  213. Crocus yakarianus
  214. Crocus yaseminiae
  215. Crocus yataganensis
  216. Crocus zetterlundii
  217. Crocus ziyaretensis
  218. Crocus zubovii

Dağılım ve habitat

Akdeniz ve Kuzey Afrika'dan orta ve güney Avrupa'ya, Orta Doğu'dan Asya'ya ve Çin'in batısına doğru dağılım gösterir. Çoğu türü Türkiye'ye özgüdür ve diğer bölgelere tanıtılmıştır.[4][5][6][7]

Galeri

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Çiftçi, A., Mollman, R., Yıldırım, H., Erol, O. (2021). Türkiye’nin Bazı Kayıp Çiğdem Taksonları Üzerine Gözlemler ve Yabani Türlerin Korunması Üzerine Bazı Görüşler. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 8(3), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.941036
  2. ^ "GBIF". Erişim tarihi: 12 Aralık 2024. 
  3. ^ "PaleoBioDB". Erişim tarihi: 12 Aralık 2024. 
  4. ^ Petersen et al 2008.
  5. ^ WCLSPF 2022.
  6. ^ Flora Italiana 2022.
  7. ^ Innes 1985.

Dış bağlantılar

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