Conference Presentations by Leonard F Hall
Webinar, 2024
I am pleased to be here to share my thoughts on microbubble drag reduction. I have been watching ... more I am pleased to be here to share my thoughts on microbubble drag reduction. I have been watching fluids in motion for 80 years now and I welcome this new opportunity to explain what I have thought, and why. My view is different from the normal, book version because I include the scale wherein the kinetic theory of gases and liquids has proven valuable. It is at that scale that I believe I am able to explain the physical process by which microbubbles effect Form Drag reduction.
Drafts by Leonard F Hall
New Thoughts on Planck's Constant PrPrt, 2024
At the opening of the 20 th Century Max Planck introduced a condition on electromagnetic radiatio... more At the opening of the 20 th Century Max Planck introduced a condition on electromagnetic radiation that came to dominate the physics of particles. He required that each individual emission of EM radiation, now labeled a photon, has the same value. That value is now known as a quantum. It is labeled h and called Planck's Constant. He was right and that constraint enabled his formula for blackbody radiation. The quantum is energy * frequency for an individual emission (photon) which is the same for all photons. At a specific frequency one finds that total emitted energy is discrete, that it exists in steps as emission increases because it is the sum of quanta which have a distinct value at that frequency. At another frequency the steps in the sum of quanta are different because energy * frequency is constrained to a constant product. Planck's Constant has the units of mvr for momentum * distance in that expression of energy * frequency. Distance here is is usually taken to be wavelength. This article offers answers to the questions: "What is Planck's Constant, h?" "What natural process does it report in our theories?" " Why does every photon have the same value, h?"
New Thoughts on Planck's Constant - RG Q&A
At the opening of the 20th Century Max Planck introduced a condition on electromagnetic radiation... more At the opening of the 20th Century Max Planck introduced a condition on electromagnetic radiation that came to dominate the physics of particles. He required that each individual emission of EM radiation, now labeled a photon, has the same value. That value is now known as a quantum. It is labeled h and called Planck’s Constant. He was right and that constraint enabled his formula for blackbody radiation.
The quantum is energy * frequency for an individual emission (photon) which is the same for all photons. At a specific frequency one finds that total emitted energy is discrete, that it exists in steps as emission increases because it is the sum of quanta which have a distinct value at that frequency. At another frequency the steps in the sum of quanta are different because energy * frequency is constrained to a constant product. Planck’s Constant has the units of mvr for momentum * distance in that expression of energy * frequency. Distance here is is usually taken to be wavelength.
This article offers answers to the questions: “What is Planck’s Constant, h?” “What natural process does it report in our theories?” “ Why does every photon have the same value, h?”
Space-time and Fluid Dynamics
We experience three dimensions of space as a fixed reference system in which movement occurs in o... more We experience three dimensions of space as a fixed reference system in which movement occurs in our normal lives. The movement is translation in some direction over time, which we know as velocity (speed and direction). The three spatial dimensions are normally taken as orthogonal (mutually perpendicular, as the edges of a box at a corner) and distance along each is determined with a ruler. Time is normally considered not to be a temporal dimension, because in our lives we have no access to times other than that of which we are conscious. We try to access times in the past via history and memory, and times in the future via hope and mythology, but we cannot act in either.
Fluid Dynamics is a portion of the physical science of Fluid Mechanics, or the mechanics of fluids, including both liquids and gases. The term mechanics is used as a general category in Physics to refer to the study of matter and its motion, including force, acceleration, momentum, and interactions between bodies. Specialties include Celestial Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, and Quantum Mechanics.
Contents: Space-time and Fluid Dynamics On Space-Time (~1990) On Fluid Dynamics (~1990) Journal Extracts-The Solution (~1987) On Time (~1990) On Waves (~1990)
Papers by Leonard F Hall
Three Research Applications of Imaging in the Infrared
Meteorological Sensor Density on the Battlefield
A Thermographic Study of Thirty-five Residences in Madison, WI
Analysis of Time-Volume Limits to Measurement of the Optical Turbulence Structure Parameter Cn2
Meteorological Sensor Density and Placement on the Battlefield
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1981
Several features of the lower atmosphere are revealed by observing the rising or setting sun or m... more Several features of the lower atmosphere are revealed by observing the rising or setting sun or moon. These features are even more evident when multiple exposure or time exposure photographs taken on different days are compared. Differences of average atmospheric turbidity are revealed when both film exposure and image brightness in the photograph are considered. Increased attenuation due to greater atmospheric optical path lengths at lower solar or lunar elevation angles is demonstrated by multiple exposures at constant shutter speed and aperture. Local maxima of attenuation as a function of observation angle reveal that haze often is not homogeneous. Occasionally, they reveal lenticular forms, which may be the last (or first) vestiges of clouds. Haze not only attenuates the direct beam radiation, it also introduces shifts in sky color and solar or lunar disk color, due to greater scattering of shorter wavelengths. The atmosphere acts as a cylindrical lens of greater power at lower elevation angles, due to the vertical gradient of air density. It refracts light from celestial bodies toward the surface (astronomical refraction), and therefore causes them to appear to be higher than their true geometric position. Greater refraction at lower elevation angles leads to visible vertical compression of the solar or lunar disk. It also leads to curvature of the apparent motion of the sun, moon, stars, and planets, raising them about one solar diameter at the horizon. Except near the horizon, where this refraction is significant, the observer's latitude is revealed by the angle between their apparent motion and the vertical. Mirage and small scale distortions of the solar or lunar disk caused by strong vertical and horizontal temperature gradients also are revealed. These phenomena are discussed by Minnaert (1954), Humphreys (1964), Geiger (1966), and others. These atmospheric features are illustrated in Figs. 1-6. Figure captions contain exposure information. The solar and lunar disk exposures were estimated for all figures, while in Figs. 1-3 a metered exposure after sunset was made to improve sky definition. The vertical angle of view is-2.5° in Figs. 1-5 and ~5° in Fig. 6. A heavy-duty tripod was used. Cameras with and without multiple exposure provision have been used, although the former are much more convenient. Surface atmospheric conditions and lower atmosphere advection were obtained for each figure from NMC surface and 850 mb analyses provided by the National Weather Serv
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Conference Presentations by Leonard F Hall
Drafts by Leonard F Hall
The quantum is energy * frequency for an individual emission (photon) which is the same for all photons. At a specific frequency one finds that total emitted energy is discrete, that it exists in steps as emission increases because it is the sum of quanta which have a distinct value at that frequency. At another frequency the steps in the sum of quanta are different because energy * frequency is constrained to a constant product. Planck’s Constant has the units of mvr for momentum * distance in that expression of energy * frequency. Distance here is is usually taken to be wavelength.
This article offers answers to the questions: “What is Planck’s Constant, h?” “What natural process does it report in our theories?” “ Why does every photon have the same value, h?”
Fluid Dynamics is a portion of the physical science of Fluid Mechanics, or the mechanics of fluids, including both liquids and gases. The term mechanics is used as a general category in Physics to refer to the study of matter and its motion, including force, acceleration, momentum, and interactions between bodies. Specialties include Celestial Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, and Quantum Mechanics.
Contents: Space-time and Fluid Dynamics On Space-Time (~1990) On Fluid Dynamics (~1990) Journal Extracts-The Solution (~1987) On Time (~1990) On Waves (~1990)
Papers by Leonard F Hall
The quantum is energy * frequency for an individual emission (photon) which is the same for all photons. At a specific frequency one finds that total emitted energy is discrete, that it exists in steps as emission increases because it is the sum of quanta which have a distinct value at that frequency. At another frequency the steps in the sum of quanta are different because energy * frequency is constrained to a constant product. Planck’s Constant has the units of mvr for momentum * distance in that expression of energy * frequency. Distance here is is usually taken to be wavelength.
This article offers answers to the questions: “What is Planck’s Constant, h?” “What natural process does it report in our theories?” “ Why does every photon have the same value, h?”
Fluid Dynamics is a portion of the physical science of Fluid Mechanics, or the mechanics of fluids, including both liquids and gases. The term mechanics is used as a general category in Physics to refer to the study of matter and its motion, including force, acceleration, momentum, and interactions between bodies. Specialties include Celestial Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, and Quantum Mechanics.
Contents: Space-time and Fluid Dynamics On Space-Time (~1990) On Fluid Dynamics (~1990) Journal Extracts-The Solution (~1987) On Time (~1990) On Waves (~1990)