View source for 5 World Trade Center

{{Short description|Proposed skyscraper in Manhattan, New York}}
{{redirect|130 Liberty Street|the former building also known by this address|Deutsche Bank Building|the original 5 World Trade Center that was demolished after September 11, 2001|5 World Trade Center (1970–2001)}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox building
| name             = 5 World Trade Center
| native_name      = ''130 Liberty Street''
| status           = Approved
| image            = Five World Trade Center Proposed Design.jpeg
| caption          = 5 World Trade Center's proposed design (February 2021)
| building_type    = [[Office building|Office]], [[Residential]]
| start_date       = Unknown
| est_completion   = 
| opening          = 
| location         = 130 Liberty Street <br />[[Manhattan]], [[New York City]] 10007, [[United States]]
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| coordinates      = {{coord|40|42|37|N|74|00|46|W|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
| floor_area       = {{Convert|1,560,000|ft2|m2}}
| roof             = {{convert|910|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/070730wtc.asp |title=Kohn Responds to WTC5 Criticisms |publisher=Architectural Record |first=Alec |last=Appelbaum |date=June 30, 2007 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |archive-date=May 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514052724/http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/070730wtc.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>
| top_floor        = 
| floor_count      = 80
| architect        = [[Kohn Pedersen Fox]]
| developer        = [[Silverstein Properties]] [[Brookfield Properties]]
| website          = {{URL|officialworldtradecenter.com/5wtc}}
}}

'''5 World Trade Center''' ('''5 WTC'''; also referred to as '''130 Liberty Street''')<ref name=emp>{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=5worldtradecenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa566|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604165934/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=5worldtradecenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa566|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 4, 2011|title=Five World Trade Center|access-date=August 7, 2009|publisher=Emporis}}</ref> is a planned skyscraper at the [[World Trade Center (2001–present)|World Trade Center]] in [[Lower Manhattan]], [[New York City]]. The site is across [[Liberty Street (Manhattan)|Liberty Street]], to the south of the main {{convert|16|acre|adj=on}} World Trade Center site. In February 2021, it was announced the new 5 World Trade Center will be developed in a joint venture between Silverstein Properties and Brookfield Properties.<ref name=":0"/> The proposed building shares its name with the [[5 World Trade Center#Original building (1970–2001)|original 5 World Trade Center]], which was heavily damaged as a result of the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse of the North Tower]] during the [[September 11 attacks]] and was later demolished.

In June 2007, [[JPMorgan Chase]] announced plans to develop the building as the headquarters of its investment division, [[J.P. Morgan & Co.]] However, after JPMorgan Chase's acquisition of [[Bear Stearns]] in March 2008, the company relocated J.P. Morgan to [[383 Madison Avenue]]. In June 2019, the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|Port Authority]] and [[Lower Manhattan Development Corporation]] agreed to a joint [[request for proposal]] (RFP) for the site.<ref name="NY Yimby City Agencies">{{cite web | url=https://newyorkyimby.com/2019/06/city-agencies-broker-new-deal-with-developers-to-bring-5-wtc-to-market.html | title=City Agencies Broker New Deal With Developers to Bring 5 WTC to Market | publisher=New York Yimby | date=June 4, 2019 | access-date=November 25, 2019 | author=Morris, Sebastian | archive-date=May 12, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512075125/https://newyorkyimby.com/2019/06/city-agencies-broker-new-deal-with-developers-to-bring-5-wtc-to-market.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NY Yimby Silverstein Updates">{{cite web | url=https://newyorkyimby.com/2019/09/silverstein-updates-yimby-on-continued-world-trade-center-progress-as-work-on-perelman-pac-gains-momentum.html | title=Silverstein Updates YIMBY On Continued World Trade Center Progress as Work on Perelman PAC Gains Momentum | publisher=New York Yimby | date=September 11, 2019 | access-date=November 25, 2019 | author=Young, Michael | archive-date=May 12, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512075129/https://newyorkyimby.com/2019/09/silverstein-updates-yimby-on-continued-world-trade-center-progress-as-work-on-perelman-pac-gains-momentum.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

As of February 2021, a new design has been announced for the new 5 World Trade Center to be developed by Silverstein Properties and Brookfield Properties. The new design calls for a {{convert|1,560,000|sqft}} mixed-use {{convert|910|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall|abbr=off}} tower.<ref name="newyorkyimby.com">{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Michael|date=February 13, 2021|title=Five World Trade Center's 900-Foot-Tall Redesign by Kohn Pedersen Fox Revealed, in Manhattan's Financial District|url=https://newyorkyimby.com/2021/02/five-world-trade-centers-900-foot-tall-redesign-by-kohn-pedersen-fox-revealed-in-manhattans-financial-district.html|access-date=April 23, 2021|website=New York YIMBY|language=en-US|archive-date=April 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421231413/https://newyorkyimby.com/2021/02/five-world-trade-centers-900-foot-tall-redesign-by-kohn-pedersen-fox-revealed-in-manhattans-financial-district.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Original building (1970–2001) ==
{{Main|5 World Trade Center (1970–2001)}}

[[File:The Sphere - WTC.jpg|thumb|left|Original 5 World Trade Center building seen from the courtyard of ''[[The Sphere]]'', 1998.]]

5 World Trade Center (5 WTC) was originally a steel-framed nine-story low-rise [[office building]] built in 1970–72 at [[New York City]]'s [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]]. The building was designed by [[Minoru Yamasaki]] and [[Emery Roth & Sons]]. The structure was {{cvt|118|ft|m}} tall and had a black exterior. It suffered severe damage and partial collapse on its upper floors as a result of the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001. The remaining structure was demolished by the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|Port Authority]] in December 2001, making way for reconstruction. The building was L-shaped and occupied the northeast corner of the [[World Trade Center site]]. Overall dimensions were {{Convert|330|by|420|ft|m}}, with an average area of {{Convert|120,000|sqft|m2}} per floor. It hosted a police desk.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Trade Center History |url=https://911memorial.org/learn/resources/world-trade-center-history |access-date=February 19, 2022 |location=New York City |language=en-US |archive-date=February 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219214841/https://911memorial.org/learn/resources/world-trade-center-history |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Chambers Street–World Trade Center (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Chambers Street and World Trade Center]] ({{NYCS trains|Eighth far south}}) subway stations were located directly east of the building, and access to the station was available through the lobby. The building's remaining underground concourse space housed [[The Mall at the World Trade Center]]. The largest [[Borders Group|Borders]] bookstore in [[New York City]] spread across three floors of 5 World Trade Center, on the corner of the building adjacent to the intersection of [[Church Street (Manhattan)|Church]] and [[Vesey Street]].

In 1984, artist Joanna Gilman Hyde painted the {{convert|10000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} canvas titled "Self Organizing Galaxy" on the roof of 5 World Trade Center, a temporary art exhibit.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/05/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-putting-mop-to-canvas.html|title = New York Day By Day: Putting Mop to Canvas|last1 = Bird|first1 = David|last2 = Carroll|first2 = Maurice|date = September 5, 1984|work = The New York Times|access-date = February 4, 2017|archive-date = January 30, 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180130014634/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/05/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-putting-mop-to-canvas.html|url-status = live}}</ref> It took eight days to paint and was signed on October 10, 1984.

=== September 11 attacks ===
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| width     = 200
| image1    = WTC Building Arrangement and Site Plan.svg
| caption1  = Drawing of the original World Trade Center complex. The "¬"-shaped building on the northeast corner of the site is 5 WTC.
| image2    = WTC Building Arrangement in preliminary site plan.svg
| caption2  = Preliminary site plans for the World Trade Center rebuild.
}}
{{multiple image   
| align     = right
| width1    = 260
| image1    = World Trade Center Site After 9-11 Attacks With Original Building Locations.jpg
| caption1  = A picture showing the remnants of the World Trade Center complex. The original outline of the entire site can be seen at left.
| width2    = 200
| image2    = 5-wtc-photo.jpg
| caption2  = 5 World Trade Center in a [[NOAA]] aerial image following September 11, 2001.
}}

5 WTC was the least damaged building of the entire complex. Floors 4–9 suffered partial [[structural failure|collapse]] and/or [[fire damage]] as a result of the [[September 11 attacks]], while Floors 1–3 were not damaged. The building's [[structural integrity]] on its upper floors were partially compromised due to the impact of steel and other debris from the [[List of tenants in One World Trade Center|North Tower]]. Other collapsed sections were due to [[fire damage]]. Portions of internal collapse and burnout were found on upper floors, mainly floors 6–8. The black exterior facade suffered severe fire damage. Floors 5–9 were on fire after the collapse of the [[List of tenants in Two World Trade Center|South Tower]]. A section of the [[fuselage]] from [[United Airlines Flight 175]] landed on the roof and a plane engine was found in the ninth floor cafeteria.<ref>{{Cite web|last = Newman|first = Marissa|date = September 10, 2021|url = https://www.timesofisrael.com/when-ash-fell-like-snow-20-years-on-a-fire-wardens-9-11-memories-still-haunt/|title = When ash fell like snow: 20 years on, a fire warden's 9/11 memories still haunt|website = [[The Times of Israel]]|access-date = February 14, 2022|archive-date = February 14, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220214063830/https://www.timesofisrael.com/when-ash-fell-like-snow-20-years-on-a-fire-wardens-9-11-memories-still-haunt/|url-status = live}}</ref> Part of the northeast corner remained standing after the attacks.<ref>{{cite web | last=Overbye | first=Dennis | title=A NATION CHALLENGED; Engineers Tackle Havoc Underground | website=The New York Times | date=September 18, 2001 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/18/science/a-nation-challenged-engineers-tackle-havoc-underground.html | access-date=September 6, 2024}}</ref> The last standing section of 5 WTC was removed by December 2001.

The [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA)/ASCE Building Performance Study Team found that some connections between the structural steel beams failed in the fire. This was most apparent in the collapse of 5 World Trade Center, where the fireproofing did not protect the connections, causing the structure to fail. The structural failure didn't cause the entire building to collapse, as seen after the attacks that the structural skeleton remained intact.<ref>[http://www.asce.org/pdf/5-1-02wtc_testimony.pdf Testimony of Dr. W. Gene Corley] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920125754/http://www.asce.org/pdf/5-1-02wtc_testimony.pdf |date=September 20, 2009 }}, on behalf of the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] (ASCE), to Subcommittee on Research, Committee on Science, U. S. House of Representatives, May 1, 2002.</ref>

The building was the location of the [[Survivors' Staircase]], which was moved 200 feet along [[Vesey Street]] in 2008 to prevent further damage. In 2010, the staircase was placed inside the [[National September 11 Memorial & Museum]], where it resides today.

[[2 World Trade Center]] will stand at the exact location where the original 5 World Trade Center once stood.

=== Tenants ===
{{Main|List of tenants in 5 World Trade Center}}
{| class="wikitable"
!FL#
!Companies
|-
!'''9'''
|[[Credit Suisse First Boston]], [[Howard Publications]], Council of State Governments, American Shipper, Our Planet Mgmt. Institute, Ltd., Hunan Resources & Tech. Institute
|-
!8
|[[Credit Suisse First Boston]], NYS Court of Claims, Continental Forwarding
|-
!7
|[[Credit Suisse First Boston]], [[US Airways|U.S. Airways]]
|-
!6
|[[Morgan Stanley]]
|-
!5
|[[Morgan Stanley]]
|-
!4
|[[Morgan Stanley]]
|-
!3
|World Trade Center Dental, Affiliated Physicians of St. Vincent, Children's Discovery Center
|-
!2
|[[JPMorgan Chase]], [[FedEx]], [[DHL]]
|-
!L
|[[Borders Group|Borders Books & Music]], Daniel Pehr, Inc., [[Krispy Kreme]]
|-
!C
|[[Borders Group|Borders Books & Music]], [[Charles Schwab Corp.|Charles Schwab]], [[Sam Goody]], Perfumeria Milano, [[American Airlines]], [[Duane Reade]]
|}

== New building ==

{{New World Trade Center}}[[Larry Silverstein]] had leased the original World Trade Center from the PANYNJ on July 24, 2001.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smothers |first=Ronald |date=July 25, 2001 |title=Leasing of Trade Center May Help Transit Projects, Pataki Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/25/nyregion/leasing-of-trade-center-may-help-transit-projects-pataki-says.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821220938/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/25/nyregion/leasing-of-trade-center-may-help-transit-projects-pataki-says.html |archive-date=August 21, 2022 |access-date=August 13, 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> His company [[Silverstein Properties]] continued to pay rent on the site even after the September 11 attacks.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=November 22, 2003 |title=Silverstein Will Get Most of His Cash Back In Trade Center Deal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/22/nyregion/silverstein-will-get-most-of-his-cash-back-in-trade-center-deal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813164509/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/22/nyregion/silverstein-will-get-most-of-his-cash-back-in-trade-center-deal.html |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |access-date=August 13, 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In the months following the attacks, architects and [[urban planning]] experts held meetings and forums to discuss ideas for rebuilding the site.<ref name="p1879160632">{{cite magazine |last=McGuigan |first=Cathleen |date=November 12, 2001 |title=Up From The Ashes |magazine=Newsweek |pages=62–64 |volume=138 |issue=20 |id={{ProQuest|1879160632}}}}</ref> The architect [[Daniel Libeskind]] won a competition to design the master plan for the new [[World Trade Center (2001–present)|World Trade Center]] in February 2003.<ref name="breakingground">{{cite book |last=Libeskind |first=Daniel |url=https://archive.org/details/breakinggroundad00libe/page/164 |title=Breaking Ground |publisher=[[Riverhead Books]] |year=2004 |isbn=1-57322-292-5 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/breakinggroundad00libe/page/164 164, 166, 181, 183] |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |date=February 27, 2003 |title=Libeskind Design Chosen for Rebuilding at Ground Zero |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/27/nyregion/libeskind-design-chosen-for-rebuilding-at-ground-zero-2003022792302581507.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821220938/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/27/nyregion/libeskind-design-chosen-for-rebuilding-at-ground-zero-2003022792302581507.html |archive-date=August 21, 2022 |access-date=October 27, 2017 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The master plan included five towers, a 9/11 memorial, and a transportation hub.<ref name="nyt-2004-07-04">{{Cite news |last1=Dunlap |first1=David W. |last2=Collins |first2=Glenn |date=July 4, 2004 |title=A Status Report: As Lower Manhattan Rebuilds, a New Map Takes Shape |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/04/nyregion/a-status-report-as-lower-manhattan-rebuilds-a-new-map-takes-shape.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813164508/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/04/nyregion/a-status-report-as-lower-manhattan-rebuilds-a-new-map-takes-shape.html |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |access-date=September 10, 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="wsj-2004-10-20">{{Cite news |last=Frangos |first=Alex |date=October 20, 2004 |title=Uncertainties Soar At Ground Zero |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109822119054149780 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910162659/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109822119054149780 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |access-date=September 10, 2022 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> By July 2004, there were plans to build a tower named 5 World Trade Center (5 WTC) on the site of the [[Deutsche Bank Building]],<ref name="nyt-2004-07-04"/> which remained standing but was slated for demolition due to heavy damage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=April 16, 2004 |title=A Survivor Faces A Slow Death, Piece by Piece; Building Endured 9/11, Badly Contaminated |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/16/nyregion/survivor-faces-slow-death-piece-piece-building-endured-9-11-badly-contaminated.html |access-date=August 5, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The structure would have been about 57 stories high and contained up to {{convert|1600000|sqft|m2}} of floor space.<ref name="nyt-2004-07-04" /><ref name="p398897466">{{cite news |last=Frangos |first=Alex |date=October 20, 2004 |title=Uncertainties Soar At Ground Zero; Freedom Tower Is Under Way, But Financing Plan Is Lacking For Rebuilding of Entire Site |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B.1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398897466}}}}</ref> Six plans for the new 5 WTC were devised, five of which involved converting the building to residential use. Under these plans, the building could have contained, at most, either 1,900 [[condominium]]s or 1,400 rental apartments.<ref name="nyt-2005-10-27">{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=October 27, 2005 |title=Amid Plans for the Trade Center, a Revived Call for Housing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/27/nyregion/amid-plans-for-the-trade-center-a-revived-call-for-housing.html |access-date=August 5, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The plans were delayed due to disputes over who would redevelop the five towers.<ref name="p219177400">{{cite magazine |last=Satow |first=Julie |date=February 20, 2006 |title=Ground Zero Showdown: Freedom Tower puts downtown in bind |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=22 |issue=8 |id={{ProQuest|219177400}}}}</ref> The PANYNJ and Silverstein ultimately reached an agreement in 2006. Silverstein Properties ceded the rights to develop 5 and [[1 World Trade Center|1 WTC]] in exchange for financing with [[Liberty Bonds|Liberty bonds]] for [[2 World Trade Center|2]], [[3 World Trade Center|3]], and [[4 World Trade Center|4 WTC]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=April 28, 2006 |title=Freedom Tower Construction Starts After the Beginning |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/28/nyregion/28rebuild.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232645/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/28/nyregion/28rebuild.html |archive-date=April 15, 2009 |access-date=November 19, 2008 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Todorovich |first=Petra |date=March 24, 2006 |title=At the Heart of Ground Zero Renegotiations, a 1,776-Foot Stumbling Block |url=http://www.rpa.org/spotlight/issues/spotlightvol5_06.html |journal=Spotlight on the Region |publisher=Regional Plan Association |volume=5 |issue=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605052142/http://www.rpa.org/spotlight/issues/spotlightvol5_06.html |archive-date=June 5, 2008 |access-date=November 19, 2008}}</ref> The Deutsche Bank Building began undergoing deconstruction in March 2007, which was finally completed by 2011. During this time, work along [[Liberty Street (Manhattan)|Liberty Street]] involved preparing the northern quadrant of the site for development. After site preparation work was done, construction began on the [[Vehicular Security Center]] and [[Liberty Park (Manhattan)|Liberty Park]], which are both complete as of 2016.

=== Construction history ===

==== 2000s and 2010s plans ====
On June 22, 2007, the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|Port Authority]] announced that [[JPMorgan Chase]] would spend [[United States dollar|$]]290 million to lease the site until 2011 for construction of a 42-story building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amny.com/news/local/am-wtc0622,0,6464804.story?coll=am-local-headlines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211043752/http://www.amny.com/news/local/am-wtc0622%2C0%2C6464804.story?coll=am-local-headlines |archive-date=December 11, 2007 |title=JP Morgan releases WTC tower plans |publisher=am New York |first=Marlene |last=Naanes |date=June 22, 2007 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following [[JPMorgan Chase]]'s acquisition of [[Bear Stearns]] in March 2008, the company announced plans to use Bear Stearns' existing headquarters at [[383 Madison Avenue]] as its new headquarters for J.P. Morgan Investment Bank.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/03182008/business/deals_downtown_domino_102500.htm|title=Deal's Downtown Domino|access-date=March 21, 2008|date=March 18, 2008|last=Cuozzo|author-link=Steve Cuozzo|first=Steve|work=New York Post|archive-date=March 19, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319100854/http://www.nypost.com/seven/03182008/business/deals_downtown_domino_102500.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The company abandoned plans to occupy a skyscraper at 130 Liberty Street.<ref name="PAC" /> A proposal to convert the planned office tower into a residential or mixed-use tower was explored instead.<ref name="PAC" /> On May 1, 2008, deconstruction of the former Deutsche Bank building resumed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/01/nyregion/01deutsche.html |title=Work to Resume at Burned Bank Tower |date=May 1, 2008 |agency=The Associated Press |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-date=March 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310140549/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/01/nyregion/01deutsche.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

By May 2009, the Port Authority was seeking to reduce the size of 2 and 3 WTC and postpone the construction of 5 WTC, citing the [[Great Recession]] and disagreements with Silverstein.<ref name="New York Daily News 2009">{{cite web |last=Feiden |first=Douglas |date=May 11, 2009 |title=Port Authority wants to dump three of five proposed skyscrapers for WTC site |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/agency-dump-skyscrapers-wtc-site-article-1.377512 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424192334/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/port-authority-dump-proposed-skyscrapers-wtc-site-article-1.377512 |archive-date=April 24, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=New York Daily News}}</ref><ref name="p219150700">{{cite magazine |last=Agovino |first=Theresa |date=May 18, 2009 |title=Port Authority vs. Silverstein feud heads to Gracie Mansion |magazine=Crain's New York Business |volume=25 |issue=20 |page=4 |id={{ProQuest|219150700}}}}</ref> The developer had requested that the Port Authority fund two of the towers, but the agency wanted to provide funding for only one tower.<ref name="p219150700" /><ref name="nyt-2009-07-18">{{Cite news |date=July 18, 2009 |title=Trade Center Developer and Port Authority at Odds Again |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/nyregion/18wtc.html |access-date=August 14, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814012013/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/nyregion/18wtc.html |url-status=live }}</ref> New York City mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] attempted to mediate the dispute with little success.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=June 9, 2009 |title=Little Progress Is Seen in Talks on Ground Zero |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/09/nyregion/09wtc.html |access-date=August 14, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814012011/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/09/nyregion/09wtc.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was proposed in July 2009 to move the planned construction site for the [[Performing Arts Center (Manhattan)|Performing Arts Center]] to the 130 Liberty Street location, but these plans were later rejected.<ref name="PAC">{{cite news|url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_325/artcenter.html|title=Arts center might swing over to the south side|access-date=July 18, 2009|publisher=Downtown Express|author=Shapiro, Julie|date=July 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922161104/http://downtownexpress.com/de_325/artcenter.html|archive-date=September 22, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also in July 2009, Silverstein wrote a letter to the development's stakeholders, recommending that the dispute go to [[Arbitration in the United States|arbitration]].<ref name="nyt-2009-07-07">{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=July 7, 2009 |title=Port Authority Is Blamed for Trade Center Delays |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/nyregion/07wtc.html |access-date=August 13, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813211710/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/nyregion/07wtc.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Brown 2009">{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=July 6, 2009 |title=Silverstein Goes to the Mattresses! Takes Legal Action To End WTC Stalemate |url=https://observer.com/2009/07/silverstein-goes-to-the-mattresses-takes-legal-action-to-end-wtc-stalemate/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=Observer |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813211707/https://observer.com/2009/07/silverstein-goes-to-the-mattresses-takes-legal-action-to-end-wtc-stalemate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Silverstein officially requested arbitration the next month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Josh |date=August 13, 2009 |title=Agency report supports Silverstein in World Trade Center dispute |url=https://www.amny.com/news/agency-report-supports-silverstein-in-world-trade-center-dispute/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |work=amNewYork |language=en-US |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813211710/https://www.amny.com/news/agency-report-supports-silverstein-in-world-trade-center-dispute/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt-2009-08-05">{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=August 5, 2009 |title=Developer at Ground Zero Seeks Arbitration |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/05/nyregion/05wtc.html |access-date=August 14, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814012014/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/05/nyregion/05wtc.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He requested that the Port Authority pay $2.7 billion in damages.<ref name="nyt-2010-01-27" /><ref name="Crain's New York Business 2010" />  An arbitration panel ruled in January 2010 that the agency did not owe him any damages.<ref name="nyt-2010-01-27">{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=January 27, 2010 |title=Trade Center Site Developer Set Back |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/28/nyregion/28wtc.html |access-date=August 14, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814012013/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/28/nyregion/28wtc.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Crain's New York Business 2010">{{cite web |last=Agovino |first=Theresa |date=January 27, 2010 |title=Arbitrators rule against Silverstein at Ground Zero |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20100127/FREE/100129901/arbitrators-rule-against-silverstein-at-ground-zero |access-date=August 14, 2022 |website=Crain's New York Business |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814013521/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20100127/FREE/100129901/arbitrators-rule-against-silverstein-at-ground-zero |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the panel also voided a clause that would have forced Silverstein to hand over the towers to Port Authority if they were not completed by 2014.<ref name="Crain's New York Business 2010" /><ref name="Polsky 2010">{{cite web |last=Polsky |first=Sara |date=January 27, 2010 |title=Arbitration Panel Awards Zero Dollars to Silverstein for WTC |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2010/1/27/10522594/arbitration-panel-awards-zero-dollars-to-silverstein-for-wtc |access-date=August 14, 2022 |website=Curbed NY |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814013516/https://ny.curbed.com/2010/1/27/10522594/arbitration-panel-awards-zero-dollars-to-silverstein-for-wtc |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Port Authority announced in March 2010 that it had assumed responsibility for the development of 5 World Trade Center, in addition to [[One World Trade Center]], the [[National September 11 Memorial & Museum]], the [[World Trade Center (PATH station)|transportation hub]], and other site infrastructure. Towers 2, 3, and 4 would continue to be developed by [[Silverstein Properties]].<ref name="PANY23">{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/press_releasesItem.cfm?headLine_id=1269|title=Joint Statement on World Trade Center Development|publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|date=March 25, 2010|access-date=March 25, 2010|archive-date=March 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328055701/http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/press_releasesItem.cfm?headLine_id=1269|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later that year, New York University had expressed interest in expanding to 5 World Trade Center as part of its NYU 2031 program.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/NYU--96382844.html|title=NYU Considers WTC for Expansion Plan|work=NBC New York|last=Miranda|first=Maria Eugenia|date=June 15, 2010|access-date=February 28, 2019|archive-date=March 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301014900/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/NYU--96382844.html|url-status=live}}</ref> These plans were also eventually rejected. The deconstruction of the [[Deutsche Bank Building]] was completed in February 2011, and construction of another World Trade Center project, the [[Vehicular Security Center]] and Tour Bus Parking Facilities began.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/130_liberty_street__77170.aspx#activities |title=Daily Activities |publisher=Lower Manhattan |date=April 4, 2011 |access-date=March 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328045518/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/130_liberty_street__77170.aspx |archive-date=March 28, 2011 }}</ref> Development of the site was officially given to the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_south_12620.aspx | title=World Trade Center South Bathtub / Vehicular Security Center | access-date=January 8, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109070338/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_south_12620.aspx | archive-date=January 9, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> On September 1, 2011, the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] began construction to incorporate the site into the new WTC development, acting as its developer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/130_liberty_street__77170.aspx |title=130 Liberty Street |access-date=January 8, 2012 |author=Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328045518/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/130_liberty_street__77170.aspx |archive-date=March 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/office-tower-5 |title=Tower 5 |publisher=Silverstein Properties |year=2008 |access-date=March 3, 2012 |archive-date=March 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304130016/http://www.wtc.com/about/office-tower-5 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] signed an agreement in October 2011 to rebuild the [[St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church]] in [[Liberty Park (Manhattan)|Liberty Park]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/10142011RebuildingSTNicholasGreekChurch | title=Governor Cuomo Signs Agreement to Kick-Start The Rebuilding of the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church in Lower Manhattan | publisher=Governor's Press Office, New York | date=October 14, 2011 | access-date=January 8, 2012 | archive-date=December 23, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223011529/http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/10142011RebuildingSTNicholasGreekChurch | url-status=dead }}</ref> The church would be located adjacent to the future Liberty Park, which would be built on top of the [[Vehicular Security Center]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/q-a-response-vinny-stellato.html | title=Ask The Port Authority | date=June 4, 2009 | access-date=January 8, 2012 | author=The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey | archive-date=January 6, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106012018/http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/q-a-response-vinny-stellato.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> That December, Phase 2 construction of the South bathtub, located on the site of 130 Liberty Street, continued with the excavation and concrete placement.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_south_12620.aspx | title=World Trade Center South Bathtub / Vehicular Security Center | access-date=January 8, 2012 | author=Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109070338/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_south_12620.aspx | archive-date=January 9, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> By mid-2013, the ground was prepared for construction. A walkway that is next to the site of 5 WTC would be constructed into a supermarket. By 2014, the ground had been transformed into parking spaces for vehicles belonging to the Port Authority Police Department (PAPD). According to the agency, this usage of the site is only temporary.

==== Revival of plans ====
In June 2019, a joint RFP was issued following a deal between Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation with the agencies to split the proceeds. In November 2019 a possible partnership between [[Silverstein Properties]] and [[Brookfield Properties]] was reported to develop the site.<ref name="NY Yimby City Agencies" /><ref name="NY Yimby Silverstein Updates" /> That partnership was confirmed in February 2021, and a new design was unveiled, with construction slated to begin in 2023.<ref name=":0" /> Silverstein Properties was considering two options for the site: a 60-story tower with 810 [[affordable housing]] apartments, and an 80-story tower with 1,620 apartments.<ref name="Parrott 2022 w003">{{cite web |last=Parrott |first=Max |date=September 14, 2022 |title=Lower Manhattan coalition unites Congressional rivals in call for more affordable housing at 5 World Trade Center |url=https://www.amny.com/new-york/manhattan/lower-manhattan-coalition-affordable-housing-call-world-trade-center/ |access-date=July 28, 2023 |website=amNewYork}}</ref>

By early 2023, the plan called for 25 percent of the building's apartments to be [[affordable housing]] units, prompting concerns from organizations such as Coalition for a 100% Affordable 5WTC.<ref name="Cifuentes 2023 l948" /><ref name="Poblete 2023 t708" /> Members of the coalition wished for the tower to be composed entirely of affordable housing to accommodate first responders and survivors of the September 11 attacks.<ref name="Kvetenadze 2023 p732">{{cite web |last=Kvetenadze |first=Téa |date=June 21, 2023 |title=A demand for more affordability in a new high-rise apartment tower at the World Trade Center site could put the project at risk |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-5-world-trade-center-vote-20230621-5ainhkrnsba7dfksxlygc3637a-story.html |access-date=July 28, 2023 |website=New York Daily News}}</ref> The state agreed in May 2023 to set aside 30 percent of apartments, or 360 units, as affordable housing, but it also raised the minimum and maximum income thresholds for the affordable housing units.<ref name="Cifuentes 2023 l948">{{cite web | last=Cifuentes | first=Kevin | title=5 World Trade Getting More Affordable Housing, Far From 100% | website=The Real Deal | date=May 26, 2023 | url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2023/05/26/affordable-housing-is-a-go-at-5wtc-for-higher-earners/ | access-date=July 28, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Poblete 2023 t708">{{cite web | last=Poblete | first=Gabriel | title=5WTC Gets Affordable Housing Boost But Neighbors Demand Pause for More | website=The City | date=May 25, 2023 | url=https://www.thecity.nyc/2023/5/25/23738104/world-trade-center-affordable-housing-boost-5wtc | access-date=July 28, 2023}}</ref> The Public Authorities Control Board approved plans for the building in July 2023; the proposal included 1,200 residences, of which 400 would be affordable housing units.<ref name="Bocanegra 2023 t722">{{cite web | last=Bocanegra | first=Michelle | title=Affordable housing at 5 World Trade Center approved by state board | website=Gothamist | date=July 27, 2023 | url=https://gothamist.com/news/affordable-housing-at-5-world-trade-center-approved-by-state-board | access-date=July 28, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Modi 2023 d410">{{cite web | last=Modi | first=Priyanka | title=5 World Trade Center Mixed-Income Supertall Wins Approval | website=The Real Deal | date=July 27, 2023 | url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2023/07/27/5-world-trade-center-gets-the-rubber-stamp/ | access-date=July 28, 2023}}</ref> Twenty percent of the affordable apartments would be reserved for people who worked or lived in Lower Manhattan when the September 11 attacks occurred.<ref name="Crain's New York Business 2023 q723">{{cite web |last=Small |first=Eddie |date=July 27, 2023 |title=More affordable housing heads to 5 World Trade Center after key state board approval |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/real-estate/more-affordable-housing-heads-5-world-trade-center-project-after-key-new-york-state |access-date=July 28, 2023 |website=Crain's New York Business}}</ref>

=== Design ===
The original design for the tower was by [[Kohn Pedersen Fox]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/06222007/news/columnists/what_a_zero__columnists_steve_cuozzo.htm |title=What a Zero! |work=New York Post |first=Steve |last=Cuozzo |date=June 22, 2007 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222030527/http://www.nypost.com/seven/06222007/news/columnists/what_a_zero__columnists_steve_cuozzo.htm |archive-date=December 22, 2008 }}</ref> and called for a 42-story building with a seven-floor [[cantilever]]ed section starting at the 12th floor. This section of the building would have housed [[JPMorgan Chase]]'s large trading floors, rising above the [[St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church]], and would be taller than [[7 World Trade Center]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nyobserver.com/2007/chase-tower-shadow-church |title=Chase Tower to Shadow Church |publisher=The New York Observer |first=Matthew |last=Schuerman |date=June 21, 2007 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220521/http://www.nyobserver.com/2007/chase-tower-shadow-church |archive-date=June 10, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of September 2013, the [[Lower Manhattan Development Corporation]] and Port Authority were actively marketing the site, but had not released any information about the building.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/2012/03/14/new-port-authority-chief-addresses-audit-w-t-c-and-other-downtown-questions-in-exclusive-interview/ |last=Reynolds |first=Aline |date=March 14, 2012 |title=New Port Authority chief Pat Foye addresses audit, W.T.C. in exclusive interview |work=Downtown Express |access-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-date=June 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604180210/http://www.downtownexpress.com/2012/03/14/new-port-authority-chief-addresses-audit-w-t-c-and-other-downtown-questions-in-exclusive-interview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In June 2018, ''New York YIMBY'' reported on a new design for the tower, after a rendering was spotted on a fence surrounding the construction site, hinting an announcement from the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|Port Authority]] may be coming soon. According to the article, it is "a glassy building with a triangular motif reminiscent of the David Childs-designed [[One World Trade Center|1 WTC]]. The depiction is roughly 70 stories in height, which could indicate yet another supertall is planned for the area."<ref name=YIMBY-NewRenderings-2018>{{cite web | title=New Renderings Appear for Supertall 5 World Trade Center | website=New York YIMBY | last=Nelson | first=Andrew | date=June 14, 2018 | url=https://newyorkyimby.com/2018/06/new-renderings-appear-for-supertall-5-world-trade-center.html | access-date=October 30, 2018 | archive-date=September 16, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916193910/https://newyorkyimby.com/2018/06/new-renderings-appear-for-supertall-5-world-trade-center.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2021, a new design was announced for the new 5 World Trade Center to be developed by Silverstein Properties and Brookfield Properties. The new design calls for a {{convert|910|ft|adj=on}} tall mixed use tower rising 80 stories. The tower will consist mainly of {{convert|1,200,000|sqft}} of residential space spread over 69 floors, numbering 1,325 units, with 30 percent or roughly 360 units of the apartments being set aside for permanent affordable housing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Poblete |first1=Gabriel |title=5WTC Gets Affordable Housing Boost But Neighbors Demand Pause for More |url=https://www.thecity.nyc/2023/5/25/23738104/world-trade-center-affordable-housing-boost-5wtc |access-date=June 19, 2023 |work=The City |date=May 25, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The base of the tower will include the lobbies, {{convert|7,000|sqft}} of retail, {{convert|55,000|sqft}} of public amenity space spread across 2 floors, a floor with {{convert|12,000|sqft}} of public space and {{convert|190,000|sqft}} of office space spread across 6 floors. At the time, construction was scheduled to begin in 2024 and take five years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Rizzi|first=Nicholas|date=February 11, 2021|title=Silverstein, Brookfield Win Bid to Build Tower at 5 World Trade Center|url=https://commercialobserver.com/2021/02/silverstein-brookfield-win-bid-to-build-mixed-use-tower-at-5-world-trade-center/|access-date=February 14, 2021|website=Commercial Observer|language=en-US|archive-date=February 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213164618/https://commercialobserver.com/2021/02/silverstein-brookfield-win-bid-to-build-mixed-use-tower-at-5-world-trade-center/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="newyorkyimby.com"/> Scale models of the building were publicly revealed in September 2024, although Silverstein was still trying to secure funding for the tower at the time.<ref>{{cite web | last=Rahmanan | first=Anna | title=See models of the new World Trade Center buildings that will soon be erected | website=Time Out New York | date=September 16, 2024 | url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/see-models-of-the-new-world-trade-center-buildings-that-will-soon-be-erected-091624 | access-date=September 30, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Silverstein Properties Unveils Scale Models of 2 and 5 World Trade Center Skyscrapers in Financial District, Manhattan | website=New York YIMBY | date=September 16, 2024 | url=https://newyorkyimby.com/2024/09/silverstein-properties-unveils-scale-models-of-2-and-5-world-trade-center-skyscrapers-in-financial-district-manhattan.html | access-date=September 30, 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of tallest buildings in New York City]]
{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{Financial District, Manhattan}}
{{WTC navigation}}
{{Future New York City Skyscrapers}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:5 World Trade Center}}
[[Category:Office buildings in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Proposed buildings and structures in New York City]]
[[Category:Proposed skyscrapers in the United States]]
[[Category:Skyscrapers in Manhattan]]
[[Category:World Trade Center]]