View source for Keteleeria

{{Short description|Genus of conifers}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| oldest_fossil = Barremian
| image = Keteleeria evelyniana.jpg
| image_caption = ''Keteleeria evelyniana'' leaves
| taxon = Keteleeria
| authority = [[Elie-Abel Carrière|Carrière]]
| type_species = ''[[Keteleeria fortunei]]''
| type_species_authority = (Murray) [[Elie-Abel Carrière|Carrière]]
}}

'''''Keteleeria''''' is a genus of three species of [[Pinophyta|coniferous]] [[tree]]s in the family [[Pinaceae]] first described as a genus in 1866.<ref>Carrière, Élie Abel. 1866.  Revue Horticole 37: 449</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40035310 Tropicos, ''Keteleeria'' Carrière ]</ref>

The genus name ''Keteleeria'' honours J.B. Keteleer (1813–1903), a [[France|French]] nurseryman. The group is related to the genera ''[[Nothotsuga]]'' and ''[[Pseudolarix]]''. It is distinguished from ''Nothotsuga'' by the much larger [[conifer cone|cones]], and from ''Pseudolarix'' by the [[evergreen]] [[leaf|leaves]] and the cones not disintegrating readily at maturity. All three genera share the unusual feature of male cones produced in [[umbel]]s of several together from a single bud, and also in their ability, very rare in the Pinaceae, of being able to [[coppice]].

The genus is found in southern [[China]] (from [[Shaanxi]] south to [[Guangdong]] and [[Yunnan]]), [[Hainan]], [[Taiwan]], northern [[Laos]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref name=r>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=377745 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>

They are evergreen trees reaching {{cvt|35|m|ft}} tall. The leaves are flat, needle-like, {{cvt|1.5|-|7|cm|in|frac=16}} long and {{cvt|2|-|4|cm|in|frac=16}} broad. The cones are erect, {{cvt|6|-|22|cm|in|frac=16}} long, and mature in about 6–8 months after pollination; cone size and scale shape is very variable within all three species.

The variability of the cones has led in the past to the description of several additional species (up to 16 'species' have been named), but most authorities now only accept three species. Flora of China, however, recognized five.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=117075 |journal=[[Flora of China]] |volume=4 |page=42 |title=Keteleeria Carrière, Rev. Hort. 37: 449. 1866.}}</ref>

==Phylogeny==
[[File:Keteleeria heterophylloides USNM P36889 img3.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Keteleeria heterophylloides]]''<br/>[[Latah Formation]], [[Spokane, Washington]]]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=1 |Stull et al. 2021<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |last2=Qu |first2=Xiao-Jian |last3=Parins-Fukuchi |first3=Caroline |last4=Yang |first4=Ying-Ying |last5=Yang |first5=Jun-Bo |last6=Yang |first6=Zhi-Yun |last7=Hu |first7=Yi  |last8=Ma |first8=Hong |last9=Soltis |first9=Pamela S. |last10=Soltis |first10=Douglas E. |last11=Li |first11=De-Zhu |last12=Smith |first12=Stephen A. |last13=Yi |first13=Ting-Shuang |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms |journal=Nature Plants |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4 |volume=7 |issue= 8|pages=1015–1025 |doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|biorxiv=10.1101/2021.03.13.435279 |pmid= 34282286|pmc= |bibcode= |s2cid=232282918 |doi-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre |publisher=Figshare |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Gene_duplications_and_genomic_conflict_underlie_major_pulses_of_phenotypic_evolution_in_gymnosperms/14547354 |doi-access=}}</ref>
|- 
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%;
|label1=''Keteleeria''
|1={{clade
  |1=''[[Keteleeria davidiana|K. davidiana]]'' {{small|(Bertrand) Beissner}}
  |2={{clade
    |1=''[[Keteleeria evelyniana|K. evelyniana]]'' {{small|Masters}} (Evelyn keteleeria)
    |2=''[[Keteleeria fortunei|K. fortunei]]'' {{small|(Murray 1862) Carrière}}
     }}
   }}
}}
|}

The [[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|World Checklist]] maintained by [[Kew Botanical Garden]] accepts the following:<ref name=r/>
;Species<ref name=r/>
*''[[Keteleeria davidiana]]'' {{small|(C.E.Bertrand) Beissn.}} — central and southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]]
*''[[Keteleeria evelyniana]]'' {{small|Mast.}} — [[Sichuan]], [[Yunnan]], N [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]]
*''[[Keteleeria fortunei]]'' {{small|(A.Murray) Carrière}} — southern China
*†''[[Keteleeria heterophylloides]]'' {{small|(Berry) Brown, 1935}} - [[Miocene]] (Langhian) [[Latah Formation]], [[Washington state|Washington]]<ref name="Brown1935">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=R. |year=1935 |title=Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=9 |pages=572–587}}</ref>
;formerly included<ref name=r/>
moved to ''[[Abies]]'' 
*''Keteleeria fabri =[[Abies fabri]]'' — [[Sichuan]]

===Fossil record===
The earliest record of the genus is from the Early Cretaceous ([[Barremian]] -[[Aptian]] ~120 million years ago) of China.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhu |first=Yanbin |last2=Li |first2=Ya |last3=Tian |first3=Ning |last4=Wang |first4=Yongdong |last5=Xie |first5=Aowei |last6=Zhang |first6=Li |last7=An |first7=Pengcheng |last8=Wu |first8=Zhenyu |date=April 2024 |title=A new species of Keteleeria (Pinaceae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, and its palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic implications |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667123003336 |journal=Cretaceous Research |language=en |volume=156 |pages=105805 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105805}}</ref>

[[Fossil pollen]] of ''Keteleeria caucasica'' have been recovered from [[strata]] of the [[Late Miocene]] in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] in the [[Caucasus]] region.<ref>The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia by Irina Shatilova, Nino Mchedlishvili, Luara Rukhadze, Eliso Kvavadze, [[Georgian National Museum]] Institute of Paleobiology, [[Tbilisi]] 2011, {{ISBN|978-9941-9105-3-1}}</ref> Undescribed ''Keteleeria'' sp. fossils are known from the early [[Pleistocene]] of southern [[Portugal]]<ref>Fernando Reboredo, ''Forest Context and Policies in Portugal: Present and Future Challenges'', Springer, 28 August 2014 - {{ISBN|978-3-319-08455-8}}</ref> and the [[Coldwater Beds]] in the [[Ypresian|Early Eocene]] [[Eocene Okanagan Highlands|Okanagan Highlands]] of Canada.<ref name="Quilchena2016">{{cite journal |last1=Mathewes |first1=R. W. |last2=Greenwood |first2=D. R. |last3=Archibald |first3=S. B. |year=2016 |title=Paleoenvironment of the Quilchena flora, British Columbia, during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=574–590|doi=10.1139/cjes-2015-0163 |bibcode=2016CaJES..53..574M |hdl=1807/71979 |url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/71979/1/cjes-2015-0163.pdf |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Named species based on cones, leaves, pollen, seeds, and wood have been described from [[Cretaceous]] through [[Pliocene]] sediments in Europe, North America and Asia.<ref name="IFPNI2023">{{cite web |url=http://ifpni.org/genus.htm?id=94ABD63E-0440-4D17-A57F-34F8896C2FCE |website=The International Fossil Plant Names Index |title=''Keteleeria'' |accessdate=October 1, 2023}}</ref>

*''[[Keteleeria caucasica]]'' {{small|Ramischvili}} - pollen; [[Miocene]], [[Kulistskhali river]], Georgia
*''[[Keteleeria cretacea]]'' {{small|Miki & Yas. Maeda}} - cones; [[Cretaceous]], [[Izumi Group]], Japan
*''[[Keteleeria ezoana]]'' {{small|Tanai}} - cones & seeds; [[Miocene]], [[Yoshioka]], Japan
*''[[Keteleeria heterophylloides]]'' {{small|(Berry) Brown}} - leaves; [[Miocene]], [[Latah Formation]], Washington, US
*''[[Keteleeria hoehnei]]'' {{small|Kirchheimer}} - cones; [[Miocene]], [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad|Wiesa]] near Kamenz, Germany
*''[[Keteleeria mabetiensis]]'' {{small|(Watari) Watari}} - wood; [[Miocene]], [[Mabechi River]]; Japan
*''[[Keteleeria microreticulata]]'' {{small|Ananova}} - pollen; [[Miocene]], [[Taganrog|Taganrog peninsula]], Russia 
*''[[Keteleeria prambachensis]]'' {{small|(E. Hofm.) W. Klaus}} - [[Oligocene]], [[Prambachkirchen]], Austria
*''[[Keteleeria rhenana]]'' {{small|Kräusel}} - seeds; [[Miocene]], [[Mainz-Kastel]], Germany
*''[[Keteleeria robusta]]'' {{small|Miki}} - cones; [[Pliocene]], [[Toki, Gifu|Tokitsu]], Japan
*''[[Keteleeria rujadana]]'' {{small|[[Rajendra Nath Lakhanpal|R.N. Lakh.]]}} - cones; [[Oligocene]] [[Rujada flora]], Oregon, US
*''[[Keteleeria shanwangensis]]'' {{small|Xiang ''et al.''}} - cones; [[Miocene]], [[Shanwang Formation]], Shandong, China
*''[[Keteleeria zhilinii]]'' - {{small|Blokhina & O.V. Bondarenko}} - wood; [[Pliocene]], Pavlovsky basin, Primorye, Russia

Several fossil species were formerly included in ''Keteleeria'' but have been moved:
*''[[Abiespollenites davidianaeformis]]'' {{small|(Zaklinsk.) Krutzsch}} formerly ''Keteleeria davidianaeformis'' {{small|Zaklinsk.}}
*''[[Abiespollenites dubius]]'' {{small|(Chlon.) Krutzsch}} formerly ''Keteleeria dubia'' {{small|Chlon.}}
*''[[Cathaya bergeri]]'' {{small|(Kirchheim.) Wilf. Schneider ex Mai & E. Velitzelos}} formerly ''Keteleeria bergeri'' {{small|Kirchheim.}}
*''[[Cathaya loehri]]'' {{small|(Engelh. & Kink.) Chun & Kuang}} formerly ''Keteleeria loehri'' {{small|Engelh. & Kink.}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.pinetum.org/cones/PIcones.htm Arboretum de Villardebelle - photos of cones]
*[http://www.conifers.org/pi/ke/index.htm Gymnosperm Database]

{{Plant classification}}
{{Acrogymnospermae classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q132109}}
[[Category:Pinaceae]]
[[Category:Conifer genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Élie-Abel Carrière]]