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[[File:Paolo Uccello 050.jpg|thumb|500px|St. George and the Dragon:]] 

'''The Science and Art of Heraldry:''' Since the reign of [[Henry III]]: English [[heraldry]] has been regarded as a [[Science]], by being in possession of a system, a classification, and a technical language of its own. It is still the essence of a heraldic language to be concise yet complete, expressive, and abounding in suggestions. Repetition of any important word is scrupulously avoided; and, where it would be required, another form of expression is substituted in its stead. Much meaning is left to be implied and understood. <ref> English Heraldry: Boutell ([[1904]])</ref>

In [[1989]], an Englishman with the birth-name of Stephen Mowbray McDermott, whilst researching his family history, accidentally discovered his names of STEPHEN & Mc & DERMOTT en-Cyphered on\in the [[Garter]] and [[motto]] of the: [[Royal Arms of the United Kingdom]]; This article exemplifies these ''cryptographic'' words/names as '''Ciphers in the Royal Arms'''.

==[[God]] and my right hand:==
[[File:Hands of God and Adam.jpg|thumb|left|[[1509]]ad: [[Michelangelo]]: Ceiling of [[Sistine Chapel]]: [[Right Hand of God]]]]
[[File:BecketHenryII.jpg|thumb|left|C14th: [[Henry II]]: [[Thomas Becket]]]]
[[Image:Eikon.png|thumb|180px|[[1649]]ad: [[Eikon Basilike]]]]
 
[[File:King Richard III.png|thumb|100px|[[Richard III]]]]

:Existing before all known languages, fingers, hands and '''''Arms''''', have always been a means of communication, to simply point is internationally understood: The picture ''St. [[Thomas Becket]] faces King [[Henry II]] in a dispute''; is thus described due soley to the images of their hands and fingers. The portraits of Kings [[Henry VIII]] and [[Richard III]], both emphasise their '''''Right Hand''''' little fingers. Richard III is also depicted as grasping the [[Heraldic badge]] of [[St. George and the Dragon]]; suspended from the Chain of the [[Order of the Garter]] in his right hand, with specific emphasis on his '''''Right Hand''''' little finger: The emphasis of '''''Right Hand''''', little finger and Garter, convey hidden communications. 

:These same emphases are repeated by King [[Charles I]]: "Charles the Martyr" by W Marshall illustrating the “[[Eikon Basilike]]”, also shows King Charles grasping the Chain of the Order of the Garter, and specifically emphasising his '''''Right Hand''''' little finger; depicted pointing to the letters: '''IN VERBO TVO SPES MEA''': ('''''In Thy Word is My Hope'''''): 
:Charles also appears to be in [[thought]] about [[God]], also thinking about a [[symbolic]] [[crown]], whilst holding a [[crown of thorns]] of the [[Son of God]]; this crown of a circularity [[wreath]] symbolizing a never-ending circle of [[eternity]] or [[Crown of Immortality]]; See: Bilblical origins [[Right Hand of God]] or God's '''''Right Hand''''': <ref> Holy Bible: Acts 7:55, Mark 14:62 of the New Testament and Psalm 63:8 in the Old Testament;</ref> alluding to his [[Divine Right of Kings]]: '''DIEU''' et mon DROIT: ('''GOD''' and my RIGHT): Hand on a [[Bible]] '''''Right Hand''''' raised; defines a legal [[Oath]] before God.

:Eikon's emphases may be explained in reference to the Royal Arms of King [[Charles I]]; which can be seen above the main entrance of the Kings Manor, St. Leonards Place, [[York]], near to [[York Minster]]. [[Henry VIII]] and [[Charles II]] stayed at the Kings Manor, as did Charles I ([[1633]] & [[1639]]): Depicting a first use of his Unicorn supporter, the Royal Motto; [[DIEU ET MON DROIT]], has the [ '''N''' ] of '''MON''' carved in reverse.  The Garter motto is also re-defined, as exampled in the '''Royal Arms''' of King [[Charles II]] (dated: [[1682]]): (Christow Church, [[Devon]]): GARTER motto: '''MAL PENSE HONI SOIT QUI''': Uniquely, he letter [ '''Y''' ] is missing, also the letters '''PENSE''' are between the lions paws, (i.e. ''Paws for thought''): and the letters '''HONI SOIT''' are between the Unicorn’s hooves:<ref>Heraldic & Genealogical Notes From Devon Churches: Mike Brown: Dartmoor Press: ([[2002]]):</ref> NB: "Dieu et mon droit" means "'''God and my right'''", also; “'''God and my ''Right Hand''''':”<ref>Kearsley’s Complete Peerage” ([[1799]]) - Translation of Mottos: (xxiii)</ref><ref>An Historical Encyclopedia (Pg 227).by M E Snodgrass, ([[2003]])</ref><ref>Questions and Answers Notes and Queries” (Pg 109) by M de Albuquerque ([[1906]])</ref><ref>Americana – (Pg 437): American Historical Society ([[1926]])</ref><ref>History of American Genealogy (Pg 112) by RB Ferrall ([[1981]])</ref> (i.e. motto of [[George III]] <ref>Kearsley’s Complete Peerage” ([[1799]]) - Translation of Mottos: (xxiii)</ref>):

===Cyphers in the Garter:===
[[Image:Garter of the Order of the Garter.svg|thumb|150px|Royal motto of the Garter]]
[[Image:GarterInsigniaBurkes.JPG|thumb|left|150px|St. George: Dragon: Motto]]
[[File:Royal Cypher of Queen Victoria.svg|thumb|right|100px|Victoria Cypher]]
[[File:Tudor rose.jpg|thumb|left|English Rose]]
:According to the Kings Council Judge; Arthur Charles Fox-Davis of the Inner Temple, the armorial historian and author; <Ref name="Heraldry">Art of Heraldry; Encyclopedia of Armory. A.C. Fox-Davis. ([[1908]]) ISBN: 0906223342.</Ref> “''Much '''ingenuity''' seems to have been expended in devising badges and [[motto]]es which should convey an index of the name and family of the owner”''. A concept repeated in the [[HMSO]] Encyclopedia: <Ref>The Royal Encyclopaedia: Crown copyright ([[1991]]). ISBN: 0333538102: </Ref> ''Royal Arms: “Their functional purpose is the heraldic identification of the person, which should clearly identify a particular person”: '' The particular name on/in the '''Royal Arms''' since before [[King]] [[Edward III]], and { '''on/i''' ''n'' } the current [[Royal Arms of the United Kingdom]] ([[2009]]) is: “'''Stephen Mc Dermott'''.”

:Fox-Davis also elaborates the fact that: “'''''there are two ciphers one within and one without the Garter''.”''' This statement is in direct reference to his image of “'''The Royal Arms of Great Britain, as determined by the Warrant in the reign of Queen Victoria”:''' (Plate: CXIV): With reference the concept of circularity, as pertaining to the Garter; The Royal Warrant depicts eleven Royal Heraldic badges, ten of which have no Garters, and one which is encircled with a Garter. The (main) Royal Arms Garter is encircled with the Chain of the Order of the Garter, itself, containing thirteen linked Garters, which revolves each individual Garter in turn, overall a full 360 degrees. All fifteen images of the Garter contain the Royal motto of the Garter; '''HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE''': Each of the interlinked (30 total) Chain-Garters, is centered with an [[English Rose]].

:The term; “''there are two ciphers one within and one without the Garter'',” is ambiguous. Fox-Davis only infers that the two ciphers are the monogram (V.R.) of [[Victoria]] Regina. However, only one of the (V.R.) Badge-Ciphers can be defined as; within a Garter. This Cipher within a Garter; is previously unknown, along with the Royal Badge of the [[Union Jack]] symbol of [[Britain]] on a shield, which was previously determined as the [[Duke of Wellington]]’s [[Augmentation]], acquired by [[Prince Albert]] Sax Coburg-Gotha in [[1852]]. The two Ciphers (V.R.) of Victoria Regina, may clearly identify a particular person, but, this is only one specific Cipher in reference to the Garter. However, in terms of ingenuity (''in reference to heraldic identification, and an index of a name and a family''): There are fifteen Cyphers, of the same name - ''Within the Garter itself'', and also fifteen Cyphers of the same name elsewhere in the Royal Arms - ''Without the Garter''. A Cypher of another name (Re: "'''ONI'''") ''Within and Without the Garter'' in the Royal Motto: also, ''seven'' ingenious cyphers heraldically defining terms ('''Mc''') - ''on & in & Within & Without the Garter''.

:NB: Such '''''ingenuity''''' redefines [[Cypher]] as [[Cipher]]: ''''Secret or disguised manner of writing, whether by characters arbitrarily invented, or by an arbitrary use of letters or characters in other than their ordinary sense, by making single words stand for sentences or phrases, or by other methods intelligible only to those possessing the key; a cryptograph'':

===De-Ciphering the Garter: ===
[[File:Beyondhand.gif|thumb|left|150px|R/H finger pivot on MON = DERMOTT; Pense = STEPHEN]]
:'''Cipher of STEPHEN in the Garter''': The circulatory Garter cipher required certain procedures to be enacted, before the De-cipher could be achieved to depict its hidden name &etc. This procedure was re-discovered in the mid 17th century, in a quote attributed to Clarendon; ''“To open the cipher of other men’s thoughts,”'' i.e. PENSE defined as thinks or thoughts: THinKING representing TH in KING (KNIGHT); then when added to PENSE = King Stephen: This procedure incorporating phrases associated to ‘Think:’ (Eg: Think -on it: -about it: -it over): The next procedure referred to by Fox-Davis: “Given Pause” i.e. “Paws -for- thought.” To incorporate the “Holding between the paws,”  i.e. PENSE between the lions paws: ([[Lion rampant]]: [[Supporter]]):
:(Re: Think -on- '''IT''') = PENSE -on- HONI SO '''IT''' = H-PENSE-T:  (Re: Think about it) = '''HO:PE''' NSE = Charles II Eikon Cipher: "In Thy Word is my '''Hope'''"; 
:Finally (think it over): = H-ESNEP-T: Place the "little finger" of the '''''Right Hand''''' as a pivot on the [ N ] of the H-ESNEP-T;
:Then simply point the index finger (left and right)-(seven times)-(L:R:L:R:L:R:L): Thus, de-ciphering the Garter letters into the name of '''S:T:E:P:H:E:N''':
[[File:Statues of the Kings of England, York.jpg|thumb|300px|[[York Minster]]: [[King Stephen of England]]: STEP REG 19 AN]]
*NB: [[Stephen]] means [[Crown]] & [[Wreath]]: [[St. Stephen]]: 1st [[Christian]] [[Martyr]]: [[St. Stephens Tower]]; ([[Westminster Palace]]; [[Houses of Parliament]]): now re-named as [[Big Ben]]: [[St. Stephens Day]] (26 December): now [[Boxing Day]]: [[King]] [[Stephen of England]]: Stephen [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] - [[Magna Carta]] [[1215]]ad:

===De-Ciphering of the Mc:===

:'''Cipher of Mc in the Garter:'''

===De-Ciphering the Motto: ===

:'''Cipher of DERMOTT in the motto:''' With specific reference to the aforementioned use of the “little finger” of the '''''Right Hand''''', also, with specific reference to the reversed ( '''N''' ) of motto DIEU ET MO'''N''' DROIT: Place the little finger of the '''''Right Hand''''' as a pivot on [ '''N''' ] of MO'''N''': Then simply point the index finger (right and left)-(seven times)-(R:L:R:L:R:L:R): Thus, de-ciphering the letters and name of '''D:E:R:M:O:T:T''': NB: Historically; the name "''Mc Dermott''" derives from "''Mac '''Diarmaid''';''" which means DIA = '''[[GOD]]''' -of- ARMAID = '''[[ARMS]]:'''

===Arms: H. T. McDermott:===

:Shield: (Ref: ''Sinister-chief-angled''): Arms: Party per pale chevron argent & or, on chevron gules, between in chief '''''three boars’ heads''''' erased at the neck, and in base a cross crosslet azure, three trefoils or slipped of the second: Crest: A '''''demi lion rampant''''' or, '''''holding between the paws''''' a boars head erased: Motto: '''HONOR VIRTUTIS PRAEMIUM''': (Honour and virtue is its own reward.)

===Stephen M. McDermott===
[[Image:Animated-Flag-England.gif|thumb|100px|left|St. George flag: English Patron Saint]]
[[File:Nibelungendrache.jpg|thumb|100px|right|The Red Dragon]]
[[Daily Telegraph]]: 24 April [[1996]]: (pg 4: [[St. George and the Dragon]]): ''“[[Patron Saint]] with a holiday home”: “Yet for one man, [[St. Georges Day]] was the most important of all. He spent it driving around [[London]] '''waving the flag of St. George''' from his car window. He told all who would listen that his family, the Mowbrays, were [[hereditary]] enforcers of [[Magna Carta]]. Asked what he did for a living, he said: “I do this.” If his fervoir seemed un-English '''there may be a clue''' to his temperament '''in his full name Stephen Mowbray McDermott'''. ''(by Tom Utley)''
:[[York Minster]]: ''"Mr Stephen McDermot displayed the [[Royal]] Arms of the [[Red Dragon of Cadwallader]] in [[St. George]]'s Chapel, [[York Minster]], on Saturday 29 June [[1991]]"'': NB: Stephen Mowbray McDermott and most of his ancestors, were born in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]. [[England]]:

===St. George: Flag:===
[[File:Malcolm III.jpg |thumb|right|King Malcolm III]]
[[Image:Coat of arms of Newcastle upon Tyne City Council.png|thumb|left|100px|Newcastle upon Tyne: England]]
[[Image:TynemouthCastle-2005-03-08.jpg|thumb|100px|left|Tynemouth Castle: England]]
:Exemplification: '''[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]''': Arms: Gules Three Castles triple towered argent: Crest: On a wreath of the colours: A Castle as in the arms & issuant a '''Demi Lion guardant''' supporting a '''flagstaff''' or '''flying''' a forked pennon of '''''the arms of St. George:''''' Motto: FORTITER DEFENDIT TRIUMPANS: Triumphing by brave defence<Ref>City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne: College of Arms: (Exemplification ([[1954]])): </Ref>: Ref: (1575): “The most ancient insignia.” Its origins defined as Thus: 

:Once upon the Tyne, in 1080ad a new castle was built during at the command of William (I) the Conqueror, under the directions of his son [[Robert Curthose]].  The castle was built for to defend the [[Tyne Bridge]], to secure a free pass for English armies returning from Scotland into Northumberland. Rufus, however, was the first to employ arms against it, against a rebellion headed by Mowbray Earl of Northumberland.'' 
:1090ad: Mowbray, re-founded and re-fortified [[Tynemouth]] monastery with cannons: In 1093ad: King Malcolm of Scotland and his son were killed against Mowbray, and his army defeated at a siege of [[Alnwick Castle]]; Malcolm and his son being interred in Tynemouth monastery. 
:In 1095ad: Mowbray, having “''Raised the Standard''” of rebellion against [[William Rufus]], the son and successor of William the Conqueror, the King marched against the new castle with a great army, and took it after a short siege together with several of Mowbray’s partisans. Undeterred, Mowbray converted Tynemouth monastery into Tynemouth Castle: Thither, William marched with his army against Mowbray in Tynemouth Castle, and after a siege of two months took the Castle by storm. William captured his brother and made him prisoner, but Mowbray escaped and took refuge in [[Bamborough Castle]], which William also besieged, but finding it impregnable against Mowbray, erected a fully garrisoned castle blockade it, whilst William returned south. The besieged Mowbray twice escaped to his castle of Newcastle, eventually taking sanctuary in the Tynemouth church of [[St. Oswin]], where he was captured and made prisoner. 
:In 1110ad, Tynemouth Monastery Castle, which had been so much destroyed in Earl Mowbray’s insurrection, was again re-built.'' <Ref>Sykes: Local Records: Historical Register of Remarkable Events: (Pg.13-16):  ([[1833]]): </Ref>

:The two Lions of the Dukes of Normandy descended through the Mowbray Earls of Northumberland: Richard [[Duke of Normandy]]’s daughter Harwise, was Geofrey [[Duke of Brittany]]’s wife. Their son Eudon, was father of Hawise, wife of Stephen (Comes Britannia), Lord of [[Richmond]]. Stephen was father of Maud, the mother of Alice, wife of [[Roger de Mowbray]]; son of Robert Mowbray and Maud the daughter of Judith, daughter of the [[Earl of Chester]]. See Letters Patent Richard II: Earl of Chester - Mowbray:

===St. George: Dragon:===
[[File:Furioso dragon-13-.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Red Dragon]]
[[Image:John, Magna Carta.jpg|thumb|left|100px|'''Magna Carta''']]
[[File:Meuble héraldique léopard passant.svg|thumb|100px|The Royal Crest: '''Mowbray''' England]]
[[File:Coat of arms of Ireland.svg|thumb|left|100px|Arms: '''Diarmaid''' Arms: '''Ireland''']]
[[File:Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg|thumb|left|100px|Arms: '''Moubray''' Arms: '''Scotland''']]
[[Image:Blason Duché de Normandie.svg|thumb|100px|Duke Normandy '''Northumberland''']]
[[Image:Mowbray_of_Norfolk.svg‎|thumb|100px|The Royal Arms '''Mowbray''' England]]
[[Image:Duke of Norfolk Arms.svg|thumb|100px|'''Mowbray''': Aug:]]
[[Image:Wales princeCoA.png|thumb|100px|The Royal Arms]]
:''The [[Dragon]]: is one of the most ancient of signs. It is carved on the corners of the Temple of [[Persepolis]]. Nothing is of so high account among the [[Chinese]] as representations of Dragons. Dragons were the [[Parthians]]’ ensigns, from whom the [[Romans]] in later times took them; and our [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] ancestors from the Romans. It was also the device of the ancient British kings, as the [[lion]] was of the Norman Dukes; (Ref*: Earls of Northumberland). The [[chariot]] of the [[Ceridiven]], the [[Ceres]] of the [[Druids]], was drawn by dragons, creatures esteemed sacred by that ancient priesthood. Hence the beautiful lines of [[Gray]], when celebrating the triumph of [[Owen]], descended from [[Cadwallader]], '''a name signifying supreme ruler of battle''':'' 

:''Dauntless on his native sands; The dragon-son of Mona stands: In glittering arms and glory drest; High he rears his ruby crest''.

:'''Dragon Badge: Arms''': <Ref name=Heraldry">Art of Heraldry; Encyclopedia of Armory. A.C. Fox-Davis. ([[1908]]) ISBN: 0906223342.</Ref> :See also: [[Royal Standard of England]]

:Royal Badge: [[Henry VII]]: Uncrowned red dragon: Motto: Y DDRAIG GOCH DDYRY CYCHWYN (The Red dragon gives the lead)
:NB: '''''Red Dragon''''' [[Standard]]: [[Richard I]] ([[Crusades]]): '''''Royal Arms Supporter'''''; & Badge: [[Henry VII]]: [[Henry VIII]]: [[Edward VI]]: [[Mary I]]: [[Elizabeth I]]:
:Royal Badge: May [[2008]]: (''Replacing the Dragon and motto''): Imperial [[crown]] atop a [[continuous]] scroll: together with a [[wreath]] consisting of the heraldic plant emblems of the four countries of the United Kingdom: New motto: PLEIDIOL WYF I'M GWLAD (I am true to my country) 


:'''KINGS STATUTE: LETTERS PATENT''': (C12th): 

:'''Letters Patent''': ''Written proprietary claim of right granted by a [[Sovereign]] to a designated person in a form open for public inspection'' <ref>Merriam Webster’s Dictionary ([[2007]]):</ref> '''Patent''' (''Disambiguation''): ''A grant to a person conferring right or title: '''Ingenious''' or well contrived process:''

:[[John I]]: [[Statute]] [[Letters Patent]]: (9 John: [[1207]]-08): 
:'''Letters Patent''': '''''"BRAY" ( ''Mow'' ):– "CASTLE": - "DERMOTT": - "STEPHEN":''''' [[1177]]ad:

:[[Richard II]]: Statute: Letters Patent: 
:'''Letters Patent''': [[Decree]]: '''Mowbray''' (''Royal Crest & Lion's Rampant: Ostrich Feathers''): [[Earl Marshal]]: [[Earl of Chester]]: [[Prince of Wales]]: [[Heir apparent]]: Inseperatably linked [[1398]]: The son of [[Edward I]]. was Thomas [[Brotherton]], who’s daughter Margaret was wife of John [[Segrave]]. Their daughter Elizabeth, was wife of John Mowbray; son of John Mowbray and Joan, daughter of Henry [[Duke of Lancaster]], grandson of [[Henry III]]<ref>The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom {{ISBN|0-904387-82-8}}</ref>

:[[Henry VI]]: '''Letters Patent''': '''Barony by Writ''': Exclusively male heirs of [[Henry VII]]: Recognised Peers ([[1489]]): '''Peers enobled by Letters Patent''': Earls of Ulster: ''Earl'' [[de Courcey]] ([[1181]]) [[de Lacy]] ([[1205]]) (''Mowbray''): de Burgh ([[1264]]) [[Plantagenet]] ([[1354]]-[[1425]]) Margaret [[Brotherton]] (Wife of John [[Segrave]]): [[Duchess]] of [[Norfolk]]:  Honour of [[Carlow]]: Bigood > (NB: ''D' Aubigny > '''Moubray''' = '''Royal Scottish Lion & Tressure'''''): ([[1245]]) [[Plantagenet]] ([[1306]]) [[Segrave]] ([[1397]]) '''Mowbray''' ([[1399]])

:[[James I]] : '''Letters Patent''': '''Writ of Summons''': '''*(his own) ''Hereditary'' Scots Peerages:''' [[Kingdom of Scots]]: [[Angus]]; [[Buchan]]; [[Caithness]]; [[Carrick]] (''McDermott & Mowbray ''); [[Fife]]; [[Galloway]]; [[Mar]] (''McDermott & Mowbray''); [[March]] (''Mowbray''); '''James I: Letters Patent:''' [[Rockingham]]; "Illuminated '''Patent''' by '''Indented Deed''': 1640ad: '''Patrimony of MacDermot lineage''' including '''389 Quarters''' extending over eight centuries (Circa [[840]]ad to [[1640]]ad):

:[[James II]]: '''Letters Patent''': '''Writ of Summons''': '''*(his own) ''Hereditary'' Irish Peerages: '''[[Ulster]] ([[1205]]) [[Carrick]] (''McDermott and Mowbray'') ([[1315]]) [[Kildare]] (''McDermott'') ([[1316]]) [[Louth]] ([[1319]]) [[Ormond]] ([[1328]]) [[Desmond]] (''McDermott'') ([[1329]]) [[Waterford]] ([[1446]]) : James II; ""''expressed words''"" his Irish predecessors:


'''''A Message from his Majesty the King''''': 

:''To all serving in my [[Forces]] by sea or land, or in the air, and indeed, to all my people engaged in the [[defence of the Realm]], I commend the reading of this book. For centuries the [[Bible]] has been a wholesome and strengthening influence in our [[national]] [[life]], and it behoves us in these momentous days to turn with renewed [[faith]] to this [[Divine]] source of comfort and inspiration''.” <ref>George VI: 15 September ([[1936]]): King James Bible: Active Service Edition.</ref>

'''King James version of the [[Holy Bible]]:''' 

:“''Great and manifold were the [[blessing]]s, most dread [[Sovereign]], which [[Almighty God]], the [[father]] of all mercies, bestowed upon us the people of [[England]], when first he sent your Majesties [[Royal]] Person to [[rule]] and [[reign]] over us... We may rest secure and supported within the [[truth]] and innocency of a [[good]] [[conscience]], which will ever give countenance to [[honest]] and [[Christian]] endeavours against bitter censures and uncharitable imputations.''

[[User:Stephen2nd|Stephen2nd]] ([[User talk:Stephen2nd|talk]]) 17:42, 25 December 2008 (UTC)

===Researched Citations:===
[[Image:UK Royal Coat of Arms.svg|thumb|300px|Royal Motto: DIEU ET MON DROIT: On the scroll, on the [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom]].]]
<references/>
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==External links:==

{{commonscat|Coats of arms}}
* [[Portal:Heraldry/Web resources]]
* ''[http://www.luz-herald.net/free/ Free access] to Burke's General Armory (incomplete, 1,500 British surnames), Pimbley's Dictionary of Heraldry and Blason des familles d'Europe, Grand Armorial Universel (15,000 European surnames)''
* [http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ King James Bible]
* [[Topics in cryptography]]
* [[User:Stephen2nd/Sandbox (c)]] - Extended historical references etc.

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<div style="background: #ccddcc; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #667766" class="NavHead"> [[File:St. Edward's Crown.svg|20px]] '''Ancestors of Thomas de Mowbray''' [[File:St. Edward's Crown.svg|20px]]
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<center>{{ahnentafel-compact5
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|1= 1. [[File:Arms of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk.svg|25px]] [[File:St. Edward's Crown.svg|30px]]<br>'''Thomas de Mowbray<br>Duke of Norfolk'''
|2= 2. [[File:Armoiries Thomas de Norfolk.png|25px]] '''John de Mowbray, 4th Baron''' (1340-1368)
|3= 3. [[Elizabeth de Segrave]] (1338-1368)
|4= 4. [[File:Armoiries Thomas de Norfolk.png|25px]] '''John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron''' (1310-1361) [[File:Blason Duché de Normandie.svg|25px]] [[File:CoA Gilbert de Clare.svg|25px]][[File:William de Braose, 4th Lord Bramber.svg|25px]]
|5= 5. [[File:Arms of Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster.svg|25px]] '''[[Joan of Lancaster]]''' Heiress of '''King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]''' [[File:England COA.svg|25px]] [[File:Artois Arms.svg|25px]][[File:Thomas de Beauchamp Arms.svg|25px]]
|6= 6. [[Sir John de Segrave]] [[File:Blason Duché de Normandie.svg|25px]] [[File:Lincoln.svg|25px]] [[File:Arms of Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester.svg|25px]] 
|7= 7. [[File:Arms of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk.svg|25px]] '''[[Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk]]''' (1320-1399) [[File:England COA.svg|25px]] [[File:Arms of Margaret of France.svg|25px]]
|8= 8. [[File:Armoiries Thomas de Norfolk.png|25px]] '''John de Mowbray 2nd Baron''' (1286-1322) [[File:CoA Gilbert de Clare.svg|25px]]
|9= 9. [[File:Blason Duché de Normandie.svg|25px]] '''Aliva de Braose''' (1291-*1331) Heiress of '''[[Earl of Chester]]''' [[File:William de Braose, 4th Lord Bramber.svg|25px]] 
|10= 10. [[File:Arms of Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster.svg|25px]] '''[[Henry Plantagenet]] Earl of Lancaster and Leicester''' [[File:Artois Arms.svg|25px]]
|11= 11. [[File:Thomas de Beauchamp Arms.svg|25px]] [[Maud Chaworth]] Countess of Lancaster and Leicester (1282-1322)
|12= 12. [[Nicholas de Segrave]] 1st Baron Segrave (12  -1295)
|13= 13. [[File:Lincoln.svg|25px]] [[Maud de Lacy]] [[File:Arms of Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester.svg|25px]] 
|14= 14. [[File:Arms of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk.svg|25px]] '''[[Thomas of Brotherton]]''' (1300-1338) [[File:Arms of Margaret of France.svg|25px]] 
|15= 15. [[Alice Hayles]]
|16= 16. [[File:Armoiries Thomas de Norfolk.png|25px]] '''[[Roger de Mowbray]] 1st Baron Mowbray''' (12  -1297)
|17= 17. [[File:Blason Duché de Normandie.svg|25px]] '''[[Roese de Clare]]''' Heiress of '''[[Richard de Clare]] - [[Strongbow]]''' [[File:CoA Gilbert de Clare.svg|25px]]
|18= 18. [[File:Blason Duché de Normandie.svg|25px]] '''[[William de Braose]] Lord of Gower''' [[File:William de Braose, 4th Lord Bramber.svg|25px]]
|19= 19. [[Elizabeth de Sully]]
|20= 20. [[File:Arms of Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster.svg|25px]] '''[[Edmund Crouchback|Edmund]] Earl of Lancaster''' Son of '''[[King Henry III]]''' [[File:England COA.svg|25px]]<br>[[File:St. Edward's Crown.svg|30px]]
|21= 21. [[File:Artois Arms.svg|25px]] '''[[Blanch of Artois]]''' Heiress of ''' [[Louis VIII of France|Robert I]] Son of King of France ''' [[File:France Ancient.svg|25px]]
|22= 22. [[Sir Patrick de Chaworth]]
|23= 23. [[File:Thomas de Beauchamp Arms.svg|25px]] '''Isabella''' Heiress of '''[[William de Beauchamp]] 9th Earl of Warwick'''
|24= 24. '''Gilbert de Segrave Son of Stephen de Segrave'''
|25= 25. [[Annabel de Chaucumbe]]
|26= 26. [[File:Lincoln.svg|25px]] '''[[John de Lacy]] 1st Earl Lincoln'''
|27= 27. [[File:Blason Duché de Normandie.svg|25px]] '''Margaret de Quincy''' Heiress of '''[[Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester|Earl of Chester]]''' (1206-1266) [[File:Arms of Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester.svg|25px]] 
|28= 28. [[File:England COA.svg|25px]] '''King Edward I of England''' (1239-1307) [[File:England COA.svg|25px]]<br>[[File:St. Edward's Crown.svg|30px]] 
|29= 29. [[File:Arms of Margaret of France.svg|25px]] '''[[Marguerite of France|Queen Marguerite of England]]''' (1282-1317) [[File:France Ancient.svg|25px]]
|30= 30. [[Sir Roger Hayles]]
|31= 31. [[Alice Skogan]]
}}</center>
</div></div>


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