Irolita: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of cartilaginous fishes}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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| image = Irolita.jpg |
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| image_caption = Irolita waitii |
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| taxon = Irolita |
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| ⚫ | |||
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Chondrichthyes]] |
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| subclassis = [[Elasmobranchii]] |
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| ordo = [[Rajiformes]] |
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| familia = [[Rajidae]] |
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| genus = '''''Irolita''''' |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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| subdivision = *''I. waitii'' |
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*''I. westraliensis'' |
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| ⚫ | '''''Irolita''''' is a [[genus]] of [[softnose skate]]s |
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| ⚫ | '''''Irolita''''' is a [[genus]] of [[softnose skate]]s in the family [[Arhynchobatidae]], commonly known as '''round skates'''. There are two species, both [[endemism|endemic]] to Australia, found over soft bottoms on the outer [[continental shelves]] and upper [[continental slope]]s,<ref name="ebert">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10641-007-9247-0 |author=Ebert, D.A. |last2=Compagno |first2=Leonard J. V. |title=Biodiversity and systematics of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) |journal=[[Environmental Biology of Fishes]] |volume=80 |issue=2–3 |year=2007 |pages=111–124|s2cid=22875855 }}</ref> at depths of 50–200 m for the southern round skate and 142–209 m for the western round skate. The distributions of the two species do not overlap.<ref name="last and glendhill"/> |
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| ⚫ | Both species are unique amongst Australian skates in having a smooth, almost circular heart-shaped [[pectoral fin]] disc. The head is short, with a small fleshy process at the tip of the [[snout]] and large [[spiracle]]s behind the [[eye]]s. The nasal flaps are merged into a well-developed, bilobed nasal curtain forward of the [[mouth]]. The [[jaw]]s are slightly arched with the upper teeth exposed. The teeth are [[sexually dimorphic]]; those of adult males are spear-shaped with long, sharp cusps, while those of females and juveniles are plate-like with short posterior cusps. The [[pelvic fin]]s are deeply incised, with the anterior lobe moderately long and slender and the posterior lobe broadly rounded. The tail is narrow, tapering gradually to a very slender tip and bearing two small [[dorsal fin]]s near the end. The [[caudal fin]] is reduced to minute lobes. Males have alar thorns near the pectoral fin tips and the tail is covered with irregular rows of small recurved thorns.<ref name="last and glendhill">{{cite book | |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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* ''Irolita waitii'' <small>[[Allan Riverstone McCulloch|McCulloch]], 1911</small> |
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{{anchor|waitii}} |
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* ''Irolita westraliensis'' <small>[[Peter R. Last|Last]] & [[Daniel C. Gledhill|Gledhill]], 2008</small> |
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*'''Southern round skate''', '''''Irolita waitii''''' <small>([[Alan Riverstone McCulloch|McCulloch]], 1911)</small> This species occurs along the southern coast of Australia, from [[Port Lincoln, South Australia]] to [[Perth, Western Australia]].<ref name="last and glendhill"/> It reaches a maximum length of 52 cm. Reproduction is [[oviparous]]; the [[egg (biology)|egg]] cases are oblong with stiff pointed horns at the corners, measuring 5.1-7.6 cm long and 3.2-3.8 cm wide.<ref name="fishbase waitii">{{fishbase species |genus=Irolita |species=waitii |month=February |year=2011}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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{{anchor|westraliensis}} |
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| ⚫ | Both species are unique amongst Australian skates in having a smooth, almost circular heart-shaped [[pectoral fin]] disc. The head is short, with a small fleshy process at the tip of the [[snout]] and large [[Spiracle (vertebrates)|spiracle]]s behind the [[eye]]s. The nasal flaps are merged into a well-developed, bilobed nasal curtain forward of the [[mouth]]. The [[jaw]]s are slightly arched with the upper teeth exposed. The teeth are [[sexually dimorphic]]; those of adult males are spear-shaped with long, sharp cusps, while those of females and juveniles are plate-like with short posterior cusps. The [[pelvic fin]]s are deeply incised, with the anterior lobe moderately long and slender and the posterior lobe broadly rounded. The tail is narrow, tapering gradually to a very slender tip and bearing two small [[dorsal fin]]s near the end. The [[caudal fin]] is reduced to minute lobes. Males have alar thorns near the pectoral fin tips and the tail is covered with irregular rows of small recurved thorns.<ref name="last and glendhill">{{cite book |author1=Last, P.R. |author2=Glendhill, D.C. |chapter=A new species of round skate, ''Irolita westraliensis'' sp. nov. (Rajoidei: Arhynchobatidae), from northern Western Australia |editor=Last, P.R. |editor2=White, W.T. |editor3=Pogonoski, J.J. |editor4=Glendhill, D.C. |title=Descriptions of New Australian Skates (Batoidea: Rajoidei) |location=Hobart, Australia |publisher=CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research |year=2008}}</ref> |
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*'''Western round skate''', '''''Irolita westraliensis''''' <small>[[Peter R. Last|Last]] & [[Daniel Gledhill|Gledhill]], 2008</small> This species occurs along the northwestern coast of Australia from [[Imperieuse Reef]] to [[Exmouth Gulf]]. It is smaller than the southern round skate, with the largest known specimen measuring 43 cm long. Its coloration is yellowish brown above, with irregular bluish spots, scattered larger dark brown blotches, and sometimes a dark bar between the pectoral fin insertions. The tail is brownish with five blackish bands. The underside is dark greyish pink with variable, irregular darker markings. It is distinguished from the southern round skate by having a less densely spotted color pattern, a more slender tail, a shorter disc and head, no thorns near the [[orbit (eye)|orbit]], a more forwardly placed second dorsal fin, and other details.<ref name="last and glendhill"/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q5025192}} |
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[[Category:Rajidae]] |
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[[ |
[[Category:Rajidae]] |
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[[Category:Ray genera]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Gilbert Percy Whitley]] |
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[[fr:Irolita]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:07, 7 September 2023
| Irolita | |
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| Irolita waitii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Rajiformes |
| Family: | Arhynchobatidae |
| Genus: | Irolita Whitley, 1931 |
Irolita is a genus of softnose skates in the family Arhynchobatidae, commonly known as round skates. There are two species, both endemic to Australia, found over soft bottoms on the outer continental shelves and upper continental slopes,[1] at depths of 50–200 m for the southern round skate and 142–209 m for the western round skate. The distributions of the two species do not overlap.[2]
Species
[edit]Description
[edit]Both species are unique amongst Australian skates in having a smooth, almost circular heart-shaped pectoral fin disc. The head is short, with a small fleshy process at the tip of the snout and large spiracles behind the eyes. The nasal flaps are merged into a well-developed, bilobed nasal curtain forward of the mouth. The jaws are slightly arched with the upper teeth exposed. The teeth are sexually dimorphic; those of adult males are spear-shaped with long, sharp cusps, while those of females and juveniles are plate-like with short posterior cusps. The pelvic fins are deeply incised, with the anterior lobe moderately long and slender and the posterior lobe broadly rounded. The tail is narrow, tapering gradually to a very slender tip and bearing two small dorsal fins near the end. The caudal fin is reduced to minute lobes. Males have alar thorns near the pectoral fin tips and the tail is covered with irregular rows of small recurved thorns.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ Ebert, D.A.; Compagno, Leonard J. V. (2007). "Biodiversity and systematics of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei)". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 80 (2–3): 111–124. doi:10.1007/s10641-007-9247-0. S2CID 22875855.
- ^ a b Last, P.R.; Glendhill, D.C. (2008). "A new species of round skate, Irolita westraliensis sp. nov. (Rajoidei: Arhynchobatidae), from northern Western Australia". In Last, P.R.; White, W.T.; Pogonoski, J.J.; Glendhill, D.C. (eds.). Descriptions of New Australian Skates (Batoidea: Rajoidei). Hobart, Australia: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research.