Education Bureau: Difference between revisions

Education Bureau
Education Bureau
Chinese	教育局
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Jiàoyù Jú
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Gaau yuhk gúk
Jyutping	Gaau3 juk6 guk6
Education and Manpower Bureau
Traditional Chinese	教育統籌局
Simplified Chinese	教育统筹局
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Jiàoyù Tǒngchóu Jú
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping	Gaau3 juk6 tung2 cau4 guk6
Education Department
Chinese	教育署
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Jiàoyù Shǔ
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping	Gaau3 juk6 cyu5

Education Bureau
教育局
	Emblem of the Hong Kong SAR
Agency overview
Formed	1852
Jurisdiction	Hong Kong
Headquarters	11/F, East Wing, Central Government Offices, 2 Tim Mei Avenue, Tamar, Hong Kong
Employees	5355
Minister responsible	Christine Choi, Secretary for Education;
Deputy Minister responsible	Under Secretary for Education;
Agency executive	Michelle Li, Permanent Secretary for Education;
Child agencies	University Grants Committee Secretariat; Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency;
Website	edb.gov.hk

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Latest revision as of 01:33, 1 September 2024

The Education Bureau (EDB) is a policy bureau responsible for formulating and implementing education policies in Hong Kong.

The bureau is headed by the Secretary for Education and oversees agencies including University Grants Committee and Student Finance Office.

History

The Education Department (教育署 and 教育司署 before 1983) was responsible for education matters in the territory, with the exception of post-secondary and tertiary education. In 2003, the department was abolished and a new bureau, the Education and Manpower Bureau (教育統籌局 abbreviated EMB) was formed. In July 2007, under newly re-elected Chief Executive Donald Tsang, the manpower portfolio was split away to the new Labour and Welfare Bureau, leaving this body as the Education Bureau.^[1] The bureau was formerly housed at the Former French Mission Building.

In 2022, the Education Bureau introduced the Citizenship and Social Development subject, to replace Liberal Studies as one of the four core subjects in senior secondary education. As part of the subject, students will participate in fully subsidized field trips to mainland China. The trips range from two to five days in duration, with destinations such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hunan. The itinerary for the two-day trips includes visits to the Memorial Museum of Sun Yat-sen's mansion and the former site of the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou. Another two-day trip involves exploring the Deqing Palace, a historical site in Zhaoqing city, where students learn about the ancient imperial examination system and Confucianism.^[2]

In August 2023, officials from Hong Kong and Guangdong signed a framework agreement to strengthen education exchanges and cooperation between schools in the two regions. The agreement aimed to promote collaboration and exchanges in education, nurture talent for the development of the Greater Bay Area, and contribute to the development of both regions. It encourages higher education institutions to collaborate on education services, talent cultivation, and technology exchanges.

The agreement also focuses on enhancing cooperation in vocational education, promoting the establishment of sister schools, facilitating exchange activities, and improving the quality of such exchanges. The Vocational Training Council signed a memorandum of understanding with Guangdong to initiate collaborative projects and establish the GBA Vocational Education Park. The agreement also involves Guangdong supporting the VTC's mainland operation center and providing guidance for the GBA Explorer Trip program, which aims to enhance students' understanding of GBA developments.^[3]

Structure

The bureau mainly consists of seven branches, which are responsible for different policies. Each branch is led by a Deputy Secretary for Education.

Further & Higher Education Branch
Planning, Infrastructure and School Places Allocation Branch
Professional Development & Special Education Branch
School Development & Administration Branch
Curriculum and Quality Assurance Branch
Corporate Services Branch
Special Duties

The bureau also oversees two child agencies: the University Grants Committee Secretariat and the Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency.

Education system

The Education System includes: Kindergarten Education, Primary and Secondary School Education, Special Education, Post-secondary Education, and other Education and Training.^[4]

Controversies

Censorship of textbooks

In August 2020, the Education Bureau, with the aim to "help student develop positive values", made changes to the Liberal Studies textbooks of the six main publishers, who were invited to join the voluntary consultancy service introduced by the bureau in the previous year. The pro-democracy Professional Teachers' Union (PTU) said some teachers received messages from the publishers that the amendments relating to criticizing the mainland Chinese government and some political cartoons were replaced with emphasizing the possible criminal consequences for participants. The union accused that it is practising 'political censorship and "had severely damaged the goals" of setting up the project.^[5]

On 5 October 2020, the Education Bureau deregistered a primary school teacher, the teacher was accused of using pro-independence materials, which the Bureau claims is an act of "spreading Hong Kong Independence message". The Professional Teachers Union strongly condemned the teacher's disqualification. In a statement, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union accused the education bureau of failing to conduct a fair investigation. It said the unilateral disqualification and issuing of warning letters to the school were "despicable acts of intimidation of the school management" and were unacceptable.^[6]

National Security Education

In February 2021, the Education Bureau, under Kevin Yeung, announced changes to the education system to incorporate the National Security Law.^[7] Notices to teachers explained that teachers should educate students as young as 6 years old about the national security law.^[7] In response, Ip Kin-yuen, the vice-president of the Professional Teachers' Union, said that he was astounded to see the "vast scope" of the new rules as well as the lack of consultation with teachers before the rules were published.^[8]

Later in February 2021, the Education Bureau released a 1,200-word guideline for implementation of the changes, claiming it was "obliged to clarify" so-called misunderstandings by the media when it had announced changes earlier in the month.^[9] Ip Kin-yuen responded and said that the guidelines would do little, and that the Education Bureau "should also hold proper consultation sessions among educators and members of the public to explain about the guidelines in detail, listen to their thoughts and opinions, as well as respond to questions and even defend it for themselves if they want".^[9]

In March 2021, the government announced that the Education Bureau would begin distributing books to all primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong, meant to cover topics such as national identity and the national security law.^[10]

In July 2022, Education Bureau chief Christine Choi Yuk-lin said that national education is not "brainwashing".^[11] Choi also said that Hong Kong students must learn about the history of China's socialist system, and must understand why it is suitable for China.^[12] Choi later said that students must learn from Xi Jinping's speech on Hong Kong, and that the Education Bureau would hold sessions with school principals and teachers on the speech.^[13] Choi also said that if students show that they want China to do well during flag-raising ceremonies or study tours, then it would meet the target of effective national education.^[13] In contrast, Priscilla Leung argued and said about the study tours that "In fact, many students have come back from these visits [saying] they don't believe in what they saw, [they claimed] everything was staged."^[13]

In September 2022, the Bureau released the updated Primary Education Curriculum Guide, which suggested between 19 and 25% of the student's lesson time should be devoted to national education and national security education.^[14]

In October 2022, the Education Bureau revealed the "Citizenship, Economics and Society" curriculum, designed for students to focus on national identity, the national constitution, and the Basic Law.^[15] Other countries' use of democracy and political systems were also removed from the curriculum.^[16]

On 24 October 2022, the Education Bureau confirmed that new teachers in public and direct subsidy scheme schools would be required to take a test on national security and the Basic Law, including kindergarten teachers.^[17]

In December 2022, the Education Bureau released an inspection report, saying that many schools had failed in teaching national security.^[18]

In November 2023, the Bureau released a draft for new science classes that would emphasize China's achievements and the importance to national security.^[19]

Universities

In July 2022, the University of Hong Kong began requiring students to take a course on the national security law in order to graduate.^[20] Students must watch 10 hours of videos and pass an online test in order to complete the mandatory security class.^[21]

Other universities, including Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University also began offering courses on national security.^[20] The course is listed as a graduation requirement.^[21]

Education Bureau chief Christine Choi also said that university student unions were "instigating the anti-China sentiment and hatred toward the Chinese people" during the 2019 Hong Kong protests.^[22]

In December 2022, the Education Bureau said that all universities must require students to take courses on national education, stating "Education on the [Chinese] constitution, the Basic Law and the national security law should also form an important part of the university curriculum, with a view to nurturing students into law-abiding and responsible citizens."^[23]

Study tour

In March 2021, the Education Bureau revealed that new teachers in Hong Kong would have to travel to mainland China to undergo mandatory training.^[24]

In July 2022, the Education Bureau asked secondary schools to create plans for taking students on mainland China study tours.^[25]

Liberal studies

In April 2021, a survey by PORI found that more than 60% of Hong Kongers opposed changes to the Liberal Studies course, changes implemented by the Education Bureau after the course came under attack from pro-Beijing figures who claimed the course was used to encourage students to take part in the 2019-20 Hong Kong protests.^[26]

In January 2023, trips to mainland China became mandatory for 50,000 Secondary Five students as part of the Liberal Studies course.^[27]

The course was renamed as "Citizenship and Social Development," and Hong Kong Free Press reported that teachers had become fearful of critical thinking and discussion.^[28]

National flag ceremonies

In October 2021, the Education Bureau revealed new guidelines for implementing national flag ceremonies in schools, stating that it would "promote national education and help students develop a sense of belonging to the country, an affection for the Chinese people and enhance their sense of national identity."^[29]

Under the ordinance, Hong Kong's universities, secondary schools and primary schools are required to hold weekly flag-hoisting ceremonies.^[14]

In October 2022, after St. Francis Xavier's School suspended 3 students, the Education Bureau was criticized for not providing guidelines on punishment if national flag ceremony rules were broken.^[30]

Putonghua

In July 2022, Education Bureau chief Christine Choi said that the city would soon push students to use Putonghua rather than the local language, Cantonese.^[31] Choi said that in the future, all classes should be delivered in Putonghua.^[31]

British Hong Kong

In August 2022, the Education Bureau claimed that Hong Kong was never a British colony, and that the British did not have sovereignty over Hong Kong.^[32]

Music video

In September 2022, the Education Bureau encouraged schools to broadcast a patriotic music video called "On the Young China" and urged teachers, students, and parents to "appreciate" it.^[33]

Teacher conduct

In December 2022, the Education Bureau released a set of guidelines on conduct for teachers, which listed protecting national security, social order, and public interest as a priority.^[34] In addition, the guidelines stipulated that teachers should promote national education with a correct understanding of the national security law.^[34]

English

In 1998, schools had to adapt to "biliteracy and trilingualism".^[35] Pre-1997, 90% of secondary schools taught most subjects in English, and by 2019, only 30% used English.^[35]

Principals

In March 2023, the Education Bureau said that principals must have a "sense of national identity".^[36]

Contracts

In June 2023, the Education Bureau revised its guidelines, to mandate that government-subsidized schools must include national security terms in their contracts.^[37]

Mainland China-based children

In September 2023, SCMP reported that government officials were trying to convince parents from mainland China to send their children to Hong Kong schools, to counter a drop in enrollment in Hong Kong.^[38]

National anthem

In June 2024, the Hong Kong Education Bureau warned two schools that their students were not singing the national anthem loudly enough.^[39]

References

^ Code for the Education Profession of Hong Kong, EDB, 2015
^ Standard, The. "EDB announces compulsory mainland field trip for secondary 4 - 6 students". The Standard. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
^ Standard, The. "Guangdong opens up on education exchanges". The Standard. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
^ "EDB - Home". www.edb.gov.hk. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ Chan, Ho-him (20 August 2020). "Hong Kong education chiefs hit back at teachers' union over criticism liberal studies textbook changes amount to political censorship". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
^ "Hong Kong primary teacher deregistered "for talking about independence"". The Guardian. 6 October 2020. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
^ ^a ^b "'Schools to be responsible for ignoring NSL breach' - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
^ "'Consult public on national security education now' - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Calling security education "brainwashing" a "malicious" accusation, say officials". South China Morning Post. 22 February 2021. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
^ "China's textbook series in national education to reach Hong Kong schools ｜ Apple Daily". Apple Daily 蘋果日報 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved 22 March 2021.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Standard, The. "National education is not "brainwashing": education secretary". The Standard. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
^ "Govt to enhance national security education - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c "HK students must learn from Xi Jinping's speech: govt - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
^ ^a ^b Mok, Lea (14 September 2022). "Hong Kong's CUHK hosts first weekly flag-raising ceremony to 'promote national education'". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
^ "Hong Kong to revise subject for junior secondary pupils to focus on national security". South China Morning Post. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
^ Lee, Peter (14 October 2022). "'Core values,' including democracy, dropped from Hong Kong's new junior secondary school curriculum". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
^ Standard, The. "Teacher's National Security Law test extends to kindergartens". The Standard. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
^ "Many Hong Kong schools get failing marks on national security teaching". South China Morning Post. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
^ "New science subject to help Hong Kong pupils 'appreciate national achievements'". South China Morning Post. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b Standard, The. "Hong Kong university students must take National Security Law course to graduate". The Standard. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
^ ^a ^b Standard, The. "HKU national security course orders 10 hours of videos plus MC test". The Standard. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
^ Lee, Peter (29 July 2022). "Media reports on promoting Mandarin in Hong Kong schools 'inaccurate,' Education Bureau says". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
^ "Universities in Hong Kong to require students to pass national education courses". South China Morning Post. 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
^ "Hong Kong to send new teachers to China for national security education ｜ Apple Daily". Apple Daily 蘋果日報 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
^ Leung, Hillary (8 July 2022). "Hong Kong schools to submit plans for mainland study tours as part of overhauled liberal studies course". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
^ "Survey shows Hongkongers oppose changes to Liberal Studies subject as gov't endorses new name". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. 2 April 2021. Archived from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
^ "Hong Kong students will be able to do 1-day trips to mainland China for subject". South China Morning Post. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
^ Lee, Peter (30 April 2023). "As bell tolls for Hong Kong's Liberal Studies, teachers fear for critical thinking and open discussion - Hong Kong Free Press HKFP". hongkongfp.com. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
^ "Hong Kong schools must hold national flag ceremonies at least once a week". South China Morning Post. 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
^ Li, Almond (12 October 2022). "Hong Kong schools need clearer penalty guidelines for students who disrespect flag raising, lawmaker says". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b Standard, The. "Hong Kong to cancel Cantonese taught Chinese when conditions are met, says education chief". The Standard. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
^ "Hong Kong was never colony during British occupation: education authorities". South China Morning Post. 2 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
^ "Hong Kong schools encouraged to play patriotic video ahead of National Day". South China Morning Post. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Govt issues to-do, not-to-do lists for teachers - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Good English is Hong Kong's passport back to the world community". South China Morning Post. 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
^ Leung, Hillary (2 March 2023). "Education Bureau adds 'sense of national identity' to requirements for aspiring Hong Kong school principals". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
^ Cheng, Mandy. "Government-aided schools in Hong Kong must include national security terms in tender, quotation contracts - Hong Kong Free Press HKFP". hongkongfp.com. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
^ "Opinion | Hong Kong cannot afford to fail in education as pupil numbers fall". South China Morning Post. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
^ Leung, Hillary (26 June 2024). "Students at 2 HK schools not singing China's national anthem loudly enough". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 30 June 2024.

External links

Official website Archived 12 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
Organisation chart of Hong Kong Government

[1] Code for the Education Profession of Hong Kong, EDB, 2015

[2] Standard, The. "EDB announces compulsory mainland field trip for secondary 4 - 6 students". The Standard. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[3] Standard, The. "Guangdong opens up on education exchanges". The Standard. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[4] "EDB - Home". www.edb.gov.hk. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.

[5] Chan, Ho-him (20 August 2020). "Hong Kong education chiefs hit back at teachers' union over criticism liberal studies textbook changes amount to political censorship". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.

[6] "Hong Kong primary teacher deregistered "for talking about independence"". The Guardian. 6 October 2020. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.

[:0-7] "'Schools to be responsible for ignoring NSL breach' - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.

[8] "'Consult public on national security education now' - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.

[:1-9] "Calling security education "brainwashing" a "malicious" accusation, say officials". South China Morning Post. 22 February 2021. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.

[10] "China's textbook series in national education to reach Hong Kong schools ｜ Apple Daily". Apple Daily 蘋果日報 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved 22 March 2021.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[11] Standard, The. "National education is not "brainwashing": education secretary". The Standard. Retrieved 17 July 2022.

[12] "Govt to enhance national security education - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Retrieved 17 July 2022.

[:2-13] "HK students must learn from Xi Jinping's speech: govt - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Retrieved 25 July 2022.

[:6-14] Mok, Lea (14 September 2022). "Hong Kong's CUHK hosts first weekly flag-raising ceremony to 'promote national education'". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 14 September 2022.

[15] "Hong Kong to revise subject for junior secondary pupils to focus on national security". South China Morning Post. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.

[16] Lee, Peter (14 October 2022). "'Core values,' including democracy, dropped from Hong Kong's new junior secondary school curriculum". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 14 October 2022.

[17] Standard, The. "Teacher's National Security Law test extends to kindergartens". The Standard. Retrieved 24 October 2022.

[18] "Many Hong Kong schools get failing marks on national security teaching". South China Morning Post. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.

[19] "New science subject to help Hong Kong pupils 'appreciate national achievements'". South China Morning Post. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.

[:3-20] Standard, The. "Hong Kong university students must take National Security Law course to graduate". The Standard. Retrieved 26 July 2022.

[:5-21] Standard, The. "HKU national security course orders 10 hours of videos plus MC test". The Standard. Retrieved 19 August 2022.

[22] Lee, Peter (29 July 2022). "Media reports on promoting Mandarin in Hong Kong schools 'inaccurate,' Education Bureau says". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 30 July 2022.

[23] "Universities in Hong Kong to require students to pass national education courses". South China Morning Post. 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.

[24] "Hong Kong to send new teachers to China for national security education ｜ Apple Daily". Apple Daily 蘋果日報 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.

[25] Leung, Hillary (8 July 2022). "Hong Kong schools to submit plans for mainland study tours as part of overhauled liberal studies course". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 8 July 2022.

[26] "Survey shows Hongkongers oppose changes to Liberal Studies subject as gov't endorses new name". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. 2 April 2021. Archived from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.

[27] "Hong Kong students will be able to do 1-day trips to mainland China for subject". South China Morning Post. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.

[28] Lee, Peter (30 April 2023). "As bell tolls for Hong Kong's Liberal Studies, teachers fear for critical thinking and open discussion - Hong Kong Free Press HKFP". hongkongfp.com. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

[29] "Hong Kong schools must hold national flag ceremonies at least once a week". South China Morning Post. 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.

[30] Li, Almond (12 October 2022). "Hong Kong schools need clearer penalty guidelines for students who disrespect flag raising, lawmaker says". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 12 October 2022.

[:4-31] Standard, The. "Hong Kong to cancel Cantonese taught Chinese when conditions are met, says education chief". The Standard. Retrieved 28 July 2022.

[32] "Hong Kong was never colony during British occupation: education authorities". South China Morning Post. 2 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.

[33] "Hong Kong schools encouraged to play patriotic video ahead of National Day". South China Morning Post. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.

[:7-34] "Govt issues to-do, not-to-do lists for teachers - RTHK". news.rthk.hk. Retrieved 15 December 2022.

[:8-35] "Good English is Hong Kong's passport back to the world community". South China Morning Post. 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.

[36] Leung, Hillary (2 March 2023). "Education Bureau adds 'sense of national identity' to requirements for aspiring Hong Kong school principals". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 6 March 2023.

[37] Cheng, Mandy. "Government-aided schools in Hong Kong must include national security terms in tender, quotation contracts - Hong Kong Free Press HKFP". hongkongfp.com. Retrieved 16 June 2023.

[38] "Opinion | Hong Kong cannot afford to fail in education as pupil numbers fall". South China Morning Post. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.

[39] Leung, Hillary (26 June 2024). "Students at 2 HK schools not singing China's national anthem loudly enough". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 30 June 2024.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Policy bureau of the Hong Kong Government}}
+{{for|the agency in Macau|Education and Youth Development Bureau}}
 {{Use Hong Kong English|date=July 2017}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
-{{for|the agency in Macau|Education and Youth Development Bureau}}
 {{Infobox government agency
 | agency_name     = Education Bureau
@@ Line 34: / Line 35: @@
 | child1_agency   = University Grants Committee Secretariat
 | child2_agency   = Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency
-| website         = {{url|https://www.edb.gov.hk/en/|edb.gov.hk}}
+| website         = {{URL|https://www.edb.gov.hk/en/|edb.gov.hk}}
 | footnotes       =
 }}
@@ Line 55: / Line 56: @@
 }}
-The '''Education Bureau''' ('''EDB''') is responsible for formulating and implementing [[education]] policies in [[Hong Kong]].
+The '''Education Bureau''' ('''EDB''') is a [[Policy bureaux|policy bureau]] responsible for formulating and implementing [[education]] policies in [[Hong Kong]].
 The bureau is headed by the [[Secretary for Education (Hong Kong)|Secretary for Education]] and oversees agencies including [[University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)|University Grants Committee]] and [[Student loan|Student Finance Office]].
@@ Line 61: / Line 62: @@
 ==History==
 [[File:Education Department.svg|thumb|left|Logo of Education Department]]
-The Education Department ({{zh|c=教育署|labels=no}} and {{zh|c=教育司署|labels=no}} before 1983) was responsible for education matters in the territory, with the exception of post-secondary and tertiary education. In 2003, the department was abolished and a new bureau, the '''Education and Manpower Bureau''' ({{zh|t=教育統籌局|labels=no}} abbreviated '''EMB''') was formed. In July 2007, under newly re-elected [[Chief Executive of Hong Kong|Chief Executive]] [[Donald Tsang]], the manpower portfolio was split away to the new [[Labour and Welfare Bureau]], leaving this body as the Education Bureau.<ref>[https://cpc.edb.org.hk/en/code_01.htm Code for the Education Profession of Hong Kong], EDB, 2015</ref>
+The Education Department ({{zh|c=教育署|labels=no}} and {{zh|c=教育司署|labels=no}} before 1983) was responsible for education matters in the territory, with the exception of post-secondary and tertiary education. In 2003, the department was abolished and a new bureau, the '''Education and Manpower Bureau''' ({{zh|t=教育統籌局|labels=no}} abbreviated '''EMB''') was formed. In July 2007, under newly re-elected [[Chief Executive of Hong Kong|Chief Executive]] [[Donald Tsang]], the manpower portfolio was split away to the new [[Labour and Welfare Bureau]], leaving this body as the Education Bureau.<ref>[https://cpc.edb.org.hk/en/code_01.htm Code for the Education Profession of Hong Kong], EDB, 2015</ref> The bureau was formerly housed at the [[Former French Mission Building]].
+In 2022, the Education Bureau introduced the Citizenship and Social Development subject, to replace Liberal Studies as one of the four core subjects in senior secondary education. As part of the subject, students will participate in fully subsidized field trips to [[mainland China]]. The trips range from two to five days in duration, with destinations such as [[Guangzhou]], [[Shenzhen]], and [[Hunan]]. The itinerary for the two-day trips includes visits to the Memorial Museum of [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s mansion and the former site of the [[Republic of China Military Academy|Whampoa Military Academy]] in Guangzhou. Another two-day trip involves exploring the Deqing Palace, a historical site in [[Zhaoqing]] city, where students learn about the ancient [[imperial examination]] system and [[Confucianism]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=EDB announces compulsory mainland field trip for secondary 4 - 6 students |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/192024/EDB-announces-compulsory-mainland-field-trip-for-secondary-4---6-students |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref>
-The bureau was formerly housed at the [[Former French Mission Building]].
+In August 2023, officials from Hong Kong and [[Guangdong]] signed a [[framework agreement]] to strengthen education exchanges and cooperation between schools in the two regions. The agreement aimed to promote collaboration and exchanges in education, nurture talent for the development of the [[Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area|Greater Bay Area]], and contribute to the development of both regions. It encourages [[Higher education|higher education institutions]] to collaborate on education services, [[Talent agent|talent cultivation]], and technology exchanges.
+The agreement also focuses on enhancing cooperation in [[vocational education]], promoting the establishment of sister schools, facilitating exchange activities, and improving the quality of such exchanges. The [[Vocational Training Council]] signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with Guangdong to initiate collaborative projects and establish the GBA Vocational Education Park. The agreement also involves Guangdong supporting the VTC's mainland operation center and providing guidance for the GBA Explorer Trip program, which aims to enhance students' understanding of GBA developments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=Guangdong opens up on education exchanges |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/4/255527/Guangdong-opens-up-on-education-exchanges |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Structure==
@@ Line 84: / Line 89: @@
 In August 2020, the Education Bureau, with the aim to "help student develop positive values", made changes to the Liberal Studies textbooks of the six main publishers, who were invited to join the voluntary consultancy service introduced by the bureau in the previous year. The pro-democracy [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|Professional Teachers' Union]] (PTU) said some teachers received messages from the publishers that the amendments relating to criticizing the mainland Chinese government and some political cartoons were replaced with emphasizing the possible criminal consequences for participants. The union accused that it is practising 'political censorship and "had severely damaged the goals" of setting up the project.<ref>{{cite news | first=Ho-him | last=Chan | url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3098046/hong-kong-education-chiefs-hit-back-teachers-union-over | title=Hong Kong education chiefs hit back at teachers' union over criticism liberal studies textbook changes amount to political censorship | publisher=South China Morning Post | date=20 August 2020 | access-date=22 August 2020 | archive-date=21 August 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821131559/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3098046/hong-kong-education-chiefs-hit-back-teachers-union-over | url-status=live }}</ref>
-On 5 October 2020, the Education Bureau deregistered a primary school teacher, the teacher was accused of using pro-independence materials, which the Bureau claims is an act of "spreading [[Hong Kong Independence]] message". The [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|Professional Teachers Union]] strongly condemned the teacher's disqualification. In a statement, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union accused the education bureau of failing to conduct a fair investigation. It said the unilateral disqualification and issuing of warning letters to the school were "despicable acts of intimidation of the school management" and were unacceptable.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/hong-kong-primary-school-teacher-banned-for-talking-about-independence | title=Hong Kong primary teacher deregistered "for talking about independence" | publisher=The Guardian | date=2020-10-06 | access-date=2020-10-06 | archive-date=6 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006123006/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/hong-kong-primary-school-teacher-banned-for-talking-about-independence | url-status=live }}</ref>
+On 5 October 2020, the Education Bureau deregistered a primary school teacher, the teacher was accused of using pro-independence materials, which the Bureau claims is an act of "spreading [[Hong Kong Independence]] message". The [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|Professional Teachers Union]] strongly condemned the teacher's disqualification. In a statement, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union accused the education bureau of failing to conduct a fair investigation. It said the unilateral disqualification and issuing of warning letters to the school were "despicable acts of intimidation of the school management" and were unacceptable.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/hong-kong-primary-school-teacher-banned-for-talking-about-independence | title=Hong Kong primary teacher deregistered "for talking about independence" | work=The Guardian | date=2020-10-06 | access-date=2020-10-06 | archive-date=6 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006123006/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/hong-kong-primary-school-teacher-banned-for-talking-about-independence | url-status=live }}</ref>
 === National Security Education ===
-In February 2021, the Education Bureau, under [[Kevin Yeung]], announced changes to the education system to incorporate the [[Hong Kong national security law|National Security Law]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title='Schools to be responsible for ignoring NSL breach' - RTHK|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1574256-20210205.htm?|access-date=2021-02-06|website=news.rthk.hk|language=en-gb|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205053143/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1574256-20210205.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Notices to teachers explained that teachers should educate students as young as 6 years old about the national security law.<ref name=":0" /> In response, Ip Kin-yuen, the vice-president of the [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|Professional Teachers' Union]], said that he was astounded to see the "vast scope" of the new rules as well as the lack of consultation with teachers before the rules were published.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Consult public on national security education now' - RTHK|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1574238-20210205.htm?|access-date=2021-02-06|website=news.rthk.hk|language=en-gb|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205030140/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1574238-20210205.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
+In February 2021, the Education Bureau, under [[Kevin Yeung]], announced changes to the education system to incorporate the [[2020 Hong Kong national security law|National Security Law]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title='Schools to be responsible for ignoring NSL breach' - RTHK|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1574256-20210205.htm?|access-date=2021-02-06|website=news.rthk.hk|language=en-gb|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205053143/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1574256-20210205.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Notices to teachers explained that teachers should educate students as young as 6 years old about the national security law.<ref name=":0" /> In response, Ip Kin-yuen, the vice-president of the [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|Professional Teachers' Union]], said that he was astounded to see the "vast scope" of the new rules as well as the lack of consultation with teachers before the rules were published.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Consult public on national security education now' - RTHK|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1574238-20210205.htm?|access-date=2021-02-06|website=news.rthk.hk|language=en-gb|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205030140/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1574238-20210205.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
 Later in February 2021, the Education Bureau released a 1,200-word guideline for implementation of the changes, claiming it was "obliged to clarify" so-called misunderstandings by the media when it had announced changes earlier in the month.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-22|title=Calling security education "brainwashing" a "malicious" accusation, say officials|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3122687/hong-kong-national-security-law-officials-defend-education|access-date=2021-02-24|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|archive-date=23 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223055201/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3122687/hong-kong-national-security-law-officials-defend-education|url-status=live}}</ref> Ip Kin-yuen responded and said that the guidelines would do little, and that the Education Bureau "should also hold proper consultation sessions among educators and members of the public to explain about the guidelines in detail, listen to their thoughts and opinions, as well as respond to questions and even defend it for themselves if they want".<ref name=":1" />
@@ Line 93: / Line 98: @@
 In March 2021, the government announced that the Education Bureau would begin distributing books to all primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong, meant to cover topics such as national identity and the national security law.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China's textbook series in national education to reach Hong Kong schools ｜ Apple Daily|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/news/20210322/KHFZMLBCPRFY7CRNC2P4PSTKEA/|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-In July 2022, Education Bureau chief Christine Choi Yuk-lin said that national education is not "brainwashing".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=National education is not "brainwashing": education secretary |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/192382/National-education-is-not-%22brainwashing%E2%80%9D:-education-secretary |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Choi also said that Hong Kong students must learn about the history of China's socialist system, and must understand why it is suitable for China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt to enhance national security education - RTHK |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1658112-20220717.htm? |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=news.rthk.hk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Choi later said that students must learn from Xi Jinping's speech on Hong Kong, and that the Education Bureau would hold sessions with school principals and teachers on the speech.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=HK students must learn from Xi Jinping's speech: govt - RTHK |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1659230-20220725.htm? |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=news.rthk.hk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Choi also said that if students show that they want China to do well during flag-raising ceremonies or study tours, then it would meet the target of effective national education.<ref name=":2" /> In contrast, Priscilla Leung argued and said about the study tours that "In fact, many students have come back from these visits [saying] they don't believe in what they saw, [they claimed] everything was staged."<ref name=":2" />
+In July 2022, Education Bureau chief [[Christine Choi]] Yuk-lin said that national education is not "brainwashing".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=National education is not "brainwashing": education secretary |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/192382/National-education-is-not-%22brainwashing%E2%80%9D:-education-secretary |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Choi also said that Hong Kong students must learn about the history of China's socialist system, and must understand why it is suitable for China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt to enhance national security education - RTHK |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1658112-20220717.htm? |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=news.rthk.hk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Choi later said that students must learn from Xi Jinping's speech on Hong Kong, and that the Education Bureau would hold sessions with school principals and teachers on the speech.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=HK students must learn from Xi Jinping's speech: govt - RTHK |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1659230-20220725.htm? |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=news.rthk.hk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Choi also said that if students show that they want China to do well during flag-raising ceremonies or study tours, then it would meet the target of effective national education.<ref name=":2" /> In contrast, Priscilla Leung argued and said about the study tours that "In fact, many students have come back from these visits [saying] they don't believe in what they saw, [they claimed] everything was staged."<ref name=":2" />
+In September 2022, the Bureau released the updated Primary Education Curriculum Guide, which suggested between 19 and 25% of the student's lesson time should be devoted to national education and national security education.<ref name=":6" />
+In October 2022, the Education Bureau revealed the "Citizenship, Economics and Society" curriculum, designed for students to focus on national identity, the national constitution, and the Basic Law.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-12 |title=Hong Kong to revise subject for junior secondary pupils to focus on national security |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3195747/hong-kong-revise-subject-junior-secondary-students-over |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Other countries'  use of democracy and political systems were also removed from the curriculum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Peter |date=2022-10-14 |title='Core values,' including democracy, dropped from Hong Kong's new junior secondary school curriculum |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2022/10/14/core-values-including-democracy-dropped-from-hong-kongs-new-junior-secondary-school-curriculum/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+On 24 October 2022, the Education Bureau confirmed that new teachers in public and direct subsidy scheme schools would be required to take a test on national security and the Basic Law, including kindergarten teachers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=Teacher's National Security Law test extends to kindergartens |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/196257/Teacher%E2%80%99s-National-Security-Law-test-extends-to-kindergartens |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref>
+In December 2022, the Education Bureau released an inspection report, saying that many schools had failed in teaching national security.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-19 |title=Many Hong Kong schools get failing marks on national security teaching |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3203889/education-bureau-many-hong-kong-schools-get-failing-marks-national-security-education |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
+In November 2023, the Bureau released a draft for new science classes that would emphasize China's achievements and the importance to national security.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-15 |title=New science subject to help Hong Kong pupils 'appreciate national achievements' |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3241559/new-science-classes-hong-kong-primary-school-pupils-cover-countrys-achievements-importance-subject |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
 ==== Universities ====
-In July 2022, the [[University of Hong Kong]] began requiring students to take a course on the national security law in order to graduate.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=Hong Kong university students must take National Security Law course to graduate &nbsp; |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/192724/Hong-Kong-university-students-must-take-National-Security-Law-course-to-graduate- |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Other universities, including [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]], [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]], and the [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]] also began offering courses on national security.<ref name=":3" />
+In July 2022, the [[University of Hong Kong]] began requiring students to take a course on the national security law in order to graduate.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=Hong Kong university students must take National Security Law course to graduate |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/192724/Hong-Kong-university-students-must-take-National-Security-Law-course-to-graduate- |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Students must watch 10 hours of videos and pass an online test in order to complete the mandatory security class.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=HKU national security course orders 10 hours of videos plus MC test |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/193682/HKU-national-security-course-orders-10-hours-of-videos-plus-MC-test |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref>
+Other universities, including [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]], [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]], and the [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]] also began offering courses on national security.<ref name=":3" /> The course is listed as a graduation requirement.<ref name=":5" />
+Education Bureau chief Christine Choi also said that university student unions were "instigating the anti-China sentiment and hatred toward the Chinese people" during the [[2019–2020 Hong Kong protests|2019 Hong Kong protests]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Peter |date=2022-07-29 |title=Media reports on promoting Mandarin in Hong Kong schools 'inaccurate,' Education Bureau says |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2022/07/29/media-reports-on-promoting-mandarin-in-hong-kong-schools-inaccurate-education-bureau-says/ |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-Christine Choi also said that university student unions were "instigating the anti-China sentiment and hatred toward the Chinese people" during the [[2019–2020 Hong Kong protests|2019 Hong Kong protests]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Peter |date=2022-07-29 |title=Media reports on promoting Mandarin in Hong Kong schools 'inaccurate,' Education Bureau says |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2022/07/29/media-reports-on-promoting-mandarin-in-hong-kong-schools-inaccurate-education-bureau-says/ |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+In December 2022, the Education Bureau said that all universities must require students to take courses on national education, stating "Education on the [Chinese] constitution, the Basic Law and the national security law should also form an important part of the university curriculum, with a view to nurturing students into law-abiding and responsible citizens."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Universities in Hong Kong to require students to pass national education courses |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3202750/universities-hong-kong-will-require-students-pass-national-education-courses-graduating |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
 === Study tour ===
@@ Line 107: / Line 126: @@
 === Liberal studies ===
 In April 2021, a survey by PORI found that more than 60% of Hong Kongers opposed changes to the Liberal Studies course, changes implemented by the Education Bureau after the course came under attack from pro-Beijing figures who claimed the course was used to encourage students to take part in the [[2019–20 Hong Kong protests|2019-20 Hong Kong protests]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-02|title=Survey shows Hongkongers oppose changes to Liberal Studies subject as gov't endorses new name|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/04/02/survey-shows-hongkongers-oppose-changes-to-liberal-studies-subject-as-govt-endorses-new-name/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP|language=en-GB|archive-date=2 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402190409/https://hongkongfp.com/2021/04/02/survey-shows-hongkongers-oppose-changes-to-liberal-studies-subject-as-govt-endorses-new-name/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+In January 2023, trips to mainland China became mandatory for 50,000 Secondary Five students as part of the Liberal Studies course.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-18 |title=Hong Kong students will be able to do 1-day trips to mainland China for subject |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3207300/hong-kong-students-will-be-able-go-one-day-trips-mainland-china-fulfil-requirements-new-core-subject |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
+The course was renamed as "Citizenship and Social Development," and ''[[Hong Kong Free Press]]'' reported that teachers had become fearful of critical thinking and discussion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Peter |title=As bell tolls for Hong Kong's Liberal Studies, teachers fear for critical thinking and open discussion - Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2023/04/30/as-bell-tolls-for-hong-kongs-liberal-studies-teachers-fear-for-critical-thinking-and-open-discussion/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=hongkongfp.com |date=30 April 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 === National flag ceremonies ===
 In October 2021, the Education Bureau revealed new guidelines for implementing national flag ceremonies in schools, stating that it would "promote national education and help students develop a sense of belonging to the country, an affection for the Chinese people and enhance their sense of national identity."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-11|title=Hong Kong schools must hold national flag ceremonies at least once a week|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3151971/hong-kong-schools-must-hold-national-flag-ceremonies-least|access-date=2021-10-11|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref>
+Under the ordinance, Hong Kong's universities, secondary schools and primary schools are required to hold weekly flag-hoisting ceremonies.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Mok |first=Lea |date=2022-09-14 |title=Hong Kong's CUHK hosts first weekly flag-raising ceremony to 'promote national education' |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2022/09/14/hong-kongs-cuhk-hosts-first-weekly-flag-raising-ceremony-to-promote-national-education/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+In October 2022, after [[St. Francis Xavier's School, Tsuen Wan|St. Francis Xavier's School]] suspended 3 students, the Education Bureau was criticized for not providing guidelines on punishment if national flag ceremony rules were broken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Almond |date=2022-10-12 |title=Hong Kong schools need clearer penalty guidelines for students who disrespect flag raising, lawmaker says |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2022/10/12/hong-kong-schools-need-clearer-penalty-guidelines-for-students-who-disrespect-flag-raising-lawmaker-says/ |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 === Putonghua ===
-In July 2022, Education Bureau chief Christine Choi Yuk-lin said that the city would soon push students to use [[Standard Chinese|Putonghua]] rather than the local language, [[Cantonese]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=Hong Kong to cancel Cantonese taught Chinese when conditions are met, says education chief |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/192836/Hong-Kong-to-cancel-Cantonese-taught-Chinese-when-conditions-are-met,-says-education-chief |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Choi said that in the future, all classes should be delivered in Putonghua.<ref name=":4" />
+In July 2022, Education Bureau chief Christine Choi said that the city would soon push students to use [[Standard Chinese|Putonghua]] rather than the local language, [[Cantonese]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=Hong Kong to cancel Cantonese taught Chinese when conditions are met, says education chief |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/192836/Hong-Kong-to-cancel-Cantonese-taught-Chinese-when-conditions-are-met,-says-education-chief |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Choi said that in the future, all classes should be delivered in Putonghua.<ref name=":4" />
 === British Hong Kong ===
 In August 2022, the Education Bureau claimed that Hong Kong was never a [[British Hong Kong|British colony]], and that the British did not have sovereignty over Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-02 |title=Hong Kong was never colony during British occupation: education authorities |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3187485/hong-kong-was-ruled-britain-during-occupation-was-never |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
+=== Music video ===
+In September 2022, the Education Bureau encouraged schools to broadcast a patriotic music video called "On the Young China" and urged teachers, students, and parents to "appreciate" it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-21 |title=Hong Kong schools encouraged to play patriotic video ahead of National Day |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3193329/hong-kong-schools-encouraged-play-patriotic-music-video |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
+=== Teacher conduct ===
+In December 2022, the Education Bureau released a set of guidelines on conduct for teachers, which listed protecting national security, social order, and public interest as a priority.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Govt issues to-do, not-to-do lists for teachers - RTHK |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1679947-20221215.htm? |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=news.rthk.hk |language=en-gb}}</ref> In addition, the guidelines stipulated that teachers should promote national education with a correct understanding of the national security law.<ref name=":7" />
+=== English ===
+In 1998, schools had to adapt to "biliteracy and trilingualism".<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-15 |title=Good English is Hong Kong's passport back to the world community |url=https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3203186/good-english-hong-kongs-passport-back-world-community |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Pre-1997, 90% of secondary schools taught most subjects in English, and by 2019, only 30% used English.<ref name=":8" />
+=== Principals ===
+In March 2023, the Education Bureau said that principals must have a "sense of national identity".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leung |first=Hillary |date=2023-03-02 |title=Education Bureau adds 'sense of national identity' to requirements for aspiring Hong Kong school principals |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2023/03/02/education-bureau-adds-sense-of-national-identity-to-requirements-for-aspiring-hong-kong-school-principals/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+=== Contracts ===
+In June 2023, the Education Bureau revised its guidelines, to mandate that government-subsidized schools must include national security terms in their contracts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Mandy |title=Government-aided schools in Hong Kong must include national security terms in tender, quotation contracts - Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2023/06/16/government-aided-schools-in-hong-kong-must-include-national-security-terms-in-tender-quotation-contracts/ |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=hongkongfp.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+=== Mainland China-based children ===
+In September 2023, SCMP reported that government officials were trying to convince parents from mainland China to send their children to Hong Kong schools, to counter a drop in enrollment in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-06 |title=Opinion {{!}} Hong Kong cannot afford to fail in education as pupil numbers fall |url=https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3233531/hong-kong-cannot-afford-fail-education-pupil-numbers-fall |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
+=== National anthem ===
+In June 2024, the Hong Kong Education Bureau warned two schools that their students were not singing the national anthem loudly enough.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leung |first=Hillary |date=2024-06-26 |title=Students at 2 HK schools not singing China's national anthem loudly enough |url=http://hongkongfp.com/2024/06/26/students-at-2-hong-kong-schools-not-singing-chinas-national-anthem-loudly-enough-inspections-find/ |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 124: / Line 172: @@
 *[[School-Based Management Policy]]
 *[[Mother-tongue teaching in Hong Kong|Mother-Tongue teaching in Hong Kong]]
-{{-}}
+{{Clear}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 140: / Line 188: @@
 [[Category:Education in Hong Kong]]
-[[Category:Education ministries|Hong Kong]]
+[[Category:Ministries of education|Hong Kong]]
 [[Category:Hong Kong government policy bureaux]]
 [[Category:Ministries established in 1852]]

v t e Education Bureau
Secretary for Education: Christine Choi
Subordinate departments	University Grants Committee Secretariat Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency
Operations	Primary One Admission System
Predecessors	Education and Manpower Bureau Education and Manpower Branch Education Department

v t e Policy bureaux of the Hong Kong Government
Government Secretariat
Current bureaux	Civil Service Commerce and Economic Development Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Culture, Sports and Tourism Development Education Environment and Ecology Financial Services and the Treasury Home and Youth Affairs Housing Innovation, Technology and Industry Labour and Welfare Health Security Transport and Logistics
Previous bureaux (after 1997)	Broadcasting, Culture and Sport Commerce and Industry Commerce, Industry and Technology Constitutional Affairs Economic Services Economic Development and Labour Education and Manpower Environment and Food Environment, Transport and Works Finance Health and Welfare Health, Welfare and Food Housing, Planning and Lands Home Affairs Information Technology and Broadcasting Planning, Environment and Lands Planning and Lands Trade and Industry Transport Works Transport and Housing Food and Health Innovation and Technology

v t e Government of Hong Kong
Executive Council Government Secretariat Government agencies
Bureaus	Civil Service Commerce and Economic Development Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Development Education Environment and Ecology Financial Services and the Treasury Health Home and Youth Affairs Innovation, Technology and Industry Justice Labour and Welfare Security Transport and Logistics Housing Culture, Sports and Tourism
Departments	Administration Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Architectural Services Buildings Census and Statistics Civil Aviation Civil Engineering and Development Communications Companies Registry Correctional Services Cultural and Creative Industries Customs and Excise Drainage Services Efficiency Electrical and Mechanical Services Electoral Affairs Environmental Protection Financial Assistance Fire Services Food and Environmental Hygiene Government Flying Service Government Laboratory Government Logistics Government Property Government Records Service Health Highways Home Affairs Housing Immigration Information Technology Information Services Inland Revenue Innovation and Technology Intellectual Property Investment Promotion Labour Land Registry Lands Legal Aid Leisure and Cultural Services Marine Observatory Official Receiver Planning Police Post Railways Rating and Valuation Radio Television Hong Kong Social Welfare Tourism Trade and Industry Transport Treasury Water Supplies
Statutory agencies or authorities	Air Accident Investigation Authority Airport Authority Antiquities Advisory Board Antiquities and Monuments Office Audit Commission Auxiliary Medical Service Centre for Health Protection Civil Aid Service Construction Industry Council Consumer Council Centre for Food Safety Communications Authority Economic Analysis and Business Facilitation Unit Estate Agents Authority Equal Opportunities Commission Examinations and Assessment Authority Exchanges and Clearing Export Credit Insurance Corporation Heung Yee Kuk Housing Authority Housing Society Hospital Authority Independent Commission Against Corruption Insurance Authority Independent Police Complaints Council Liquor Licensing Board Office of the Ombudsman Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office Science and Technology Parks Corporation Sales of First-hand Residential Properties Authority Securities and Futures Commission Tourism Board Town Planning Board Trade Development Council Travel Industry Authority West Kowloon Cultural District Authority Urban Renewal Authority
Central bank	Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Foreign relations	Foreign relations of Hong Kong
Statutory bodies in Hong Kong Hong Kong Civil Service Administrative Officer

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States