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{{Short description|Māori iwi (tribe) in Aotearoa New Zealand}}
{{Short description|Māori iwi (tribe) in Aotearoa New Zealand}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Iwi
{{Infobox Iwi
|iwi_name =Ngāti Porou
|iwi_name =Ngāti Porou
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|iwi_location =[[East Cape]] and [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] region
|iwi_location =[[East Cape]] and [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] region
|waka =[[Horouta]]
|waka =[[Horouta]]
|population =92,349 (2018)
|population =71,049<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Census iwi individual profiles: Ngāti Porou|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/iwi-profiles-individual.aspx?request_value=24583&tabname=Populationandgeography|website=www.stats.govt.nz|publisher=Stats NZ|access-date=13 June 2017}}</ref>
|united_tribes_no. =
|united_tribes_no. =
|url ={{url|http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/}}
|url ={{URL|http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/}}
}}
}}

'''Ngāti Porou''' is a [[Māori people|Māori]] [[iwi]] traditionally located in the [[East Cape]] and [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] regions of the [[North Island]] of New Zealand. Ngāti Porou is affiliated with the 28th Maori Battalion and has the second-largest affiliation of any iwi in New Zealand, with 71,910 registered members in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 Census – QuickStats About Māori (revised)|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-maori/2006-census-quickstats-about-maori-revised.htm?page=para009Master|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|date=2007-04-04|access-date=2007-05-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000247/http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-maori/2006-census-quickstats-about-maori-revised.htm?page=para009Master |archive-date = 2007-09-28}}</ref> The traditional rohe or tribal area of Ngāti Porou extends from Pōtikirua and Lottin Point in the north to Te Toka-a-Taiau (a rock that used to sit in the mouth of Gisborne harbour) in the south.<ref name="tkmentry">{{cite web|title=TKM Ngāti Porou|url=http://www.tkm.govt.nz/iwi/ngati-porou|website=tkm.govt.nz|publisher=[[Te Puni Kōkiri]], [[New Zealand Government]]|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref>
'''Ngāti Porou''' is a [[Māori people|Māori]] [[iwi]] traditionally located in the [[East Cape]] and [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] regions of the [[North Island]] of New Zealand. Ngāti Porou is affiliated with the 28th Maori Battalion, it also has the second-largest affiliation of any iwi, behind [[Ngāpuhi]] with an estimated 92,349 people according to the [[2018 New Zealand census|2018 census]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://tewhata.io/social/people/demographics/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Te Whata |language=en}}</ref> The traditional rohe or tribal area of Ngāti Porou extends from Pōtikirua and Lottin Point in the north to Te Toka-a-Taiau (a rock that used to sit in the mouth of Gisborne harbour) in the south.<ref name="tkm">{{cite web|title=TKM Ngāti Porou|url=http://www.tkm.govt.nz/iwi/ngati-porou|website=tkm.govt.nz|publisher=[[Te Puni Kōkiri]], [[New Zealand Government]]|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref> The Ngāti Porou iwi also comprises 58 [[hapū]] (sub-tribes) and 48 [[Marae|mārae]] (meeting grounds).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngāti Porou Deed of Settlement summary |url=https://www.govt.nz/browse/history-culture-and-heritage/treaty-settlements/find-a-treaty-settlement/ngati-porou/ngati-porou-deed-of-settlement-summary/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=New Zealand Government |language=en-NZ}}</ref>


[[Mount Hikurangi, Gisborne|Mt Hikurangi]] features prominently in Ngāti Porou [[Māori mythology|traditions]] as a symbol of endurance and strength, and holds [[tapu (Polynesian culture)|tapu]] status. In these traditions, Hikurangi is often personified. Ngāti Porou traditions indicate that Hikurangi was the first point to surface when [[Māui (Māori mythology)|Māui]] fished up the North Island from beneath the ocean. His canoe, the ''[[Nuku-tai-memeha]]'', is said to have been wrecked there. The [[Waiapu River]] also features in Ngāti Porou traditions.<ref name="mahuika">{{cite web | author = Mahuika AT | title = History: Porourangi & Ngāti Porou | url = http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/histporou.html | publisher = Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou | date = 1993-05-25 | access-date = 2007-04-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061211011159/http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/histporou.html |archive-date = 2006-12-11}}</ref><ref name="reedy">{{cite web | author = Reedy, Tamati Muturangi | title = Ngāti Porou | publisher = Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand | url = http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiPorou/en | date = 2006-12-21 | access-date = 2007-04-10 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070430215005/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiPorou/en | archive-date = 2007-04-30 }}</ref>
[[Mount Hikurangi, Gisborne|Mt Hikurangi]] features prominently in Ngāti Porou [[Māori mythology|traditions]] as a symbol of endurance and strength, and holds [[tapu (Polynesian culture)|tapu]] status. In these traditions, Hikurangi is often personified. Ngāti Porou traditions indicate that Hikurangi was the first point to surface when [[Māui (Māori mythology)|Māui]] fished up the North Island from beneath the ocean. His canoe, the ''[[Nuku-tai-memeha]]'', is said to have been wrecked there. The [[Waiapu River]] also features in Ngāti Porou traditions.<ref name="mahuika">{{cite web | author = Mahuika AT | title = History: Porourangi & Ngāti Porou | url = http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/histporou.html | publisher = Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou | date = 1993-05-25 | access-date = 2007-04-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061211011159/http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/histporou.html |archive-date = 2006-12-11}}</ref><ref name="reedy">{{cite web | author = Reedy, Tamati Muturangi | title = Ngāti Porou | publisher = Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand | url = http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiPorou/en | date = 2006-12-21 | access-date = 2007-04-10 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070430215005/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiPorou/en | archive-date = 2007-04-30 }}</ref>
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==History==
==History==
[[File:Paepae.jpg|thumb|Ngāti Porou ''paepae pātaka'' (threshold of a storehouse) in the [[Waiapu Valley]]]]
[[File:Paepae.jpg|thumb|Ngāti Porou ''paepae pātaka'' (threshold of a storehouse) in the [[Waiapu Valley]]]]
[[File:Maori-rafters-in-house.jpg|thumb|[[Wharenui]] (meeting house) in Waiomatatini, 1896, named Porourangi after the ancestor Ngāti Porou derive their name from.<ref name="TeAraPorourangiWhare">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/ngati-porou/1/1 |title=Ngāti Porou: Porourangi whare, Waiomatatini |first=Tamati Muturangi |last=Reedy |date=24 September 2011 |encyclopedia=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage|Manatū Taonga {{pipe}} Ministry for Culture and Heritage]] |location=[[Wellington]], New Zealand |access-date=12 May 2012}}</ref>]]


===Pre-European history===
===Pre-European history===


Ngāti Porou takes its name from the ancestor Porourangi, also known as Porou Ariki.<ref name="ngata">{{cite book | last1 = Ngata| first1 = Apirana Turupa | author-link1 = Apirana Turupa Ngata| last2 = Te Hurinui| first2 = Pei| author-link2 = Pei Te Hurinui Jones| title = Nga moteatea: he maramara rere no nga waka maha, he mea kohikohi na A.T. Ngata; na Pei Te Hurinui i whakapakeha| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=P3AmAQAAIAAJ| volume = 3| publisher = The Polynesian Society | publication-date = 1970| page = 323 | access-date = 2015-05-26| quote = That line traces out to Porou-rangi, whose (original?) name was Porou-ariki te mata-tara-a-whare, and Te Tuhi-marei-kura of Rauru.}}</ref> He was a direct descendant of [[Toi (name)|Toi-kai-rākau]]. Other ancestors include [[Māui (Māori mythology)|Māui]], accredited in oral tradition with raising the North Island from the sea, and [[Paikea]], the whale rider.<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>
Ngāti Porou takes its name from the ancestor Porourangi, also known as Porou Ariki.<ref name="ngata">{{cite book | last1 = Ngata| first1 = Apirana Turupa | author-link1 = Apirana Turupa Ngata| last2 = Te Hurinui| first2 = Pei| author-link2 = Pei Te Hurinui Jones| title = Nga moteatea: he maramara rere no nga waka maha, he mea kohikohi na A.T. Ngata; na Pei Te Hurinui i whakapakeha| year = 1970 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=P3AmAQAAIAAJ| volume = 3| publisher = The Polynesian Society | publication-date = 1970| page = 323 | access-date = 2015-05-26| quote = That line traces out to Porou-rangi, whose (original?) name was Porou-ariki te mata-tara-a-whare, and Te Tuhi-marei-kura of Rauru.}}</ref> He was a direct descendant of [[Toi Kai Rākau|Toi-kai-rākau]], [[Māui (Māori mythology)|Māui]] (accredited in oral tradition with raising the North Island from the sea), and [[Paikea]] the whale rider.<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>


Although Ngāti Porou claim the ''Nukutaimemeha'' as their foundation [[waka (canoe)|canoe]], many Ngāti Porou ancestors arrived on different canoes, including ''[[Horouta]]'', ''[[Tākitimu]]'' and ''Tereanini''. The descendants of Porourangi and Toi formed groups that spread across the East Cape through conquest and through strategic marriage alliances.<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>
Although Ngāti Porou claim the ''Nukutaimemeha'' as their foundation [[waka (canoe)|canoe]], many Ngāti Porou ancestors arrived on different canoes, including ''[[Horouta]]'', ''[[Tākitimu]]'' and ''Tereanini''. The descendants of Porourangi and Toi formed groups that spread across the East Cape through conquest and through strategic marriage alliances.<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>


Associations with other iwi also arise through direct descent from Ngāti Porou ancestors:
Genealogical associations with other iwi also arise through direct descent from Ngāti Porou ancestors:
* Kahungunu, descending from Ueroa, second son of Porourangi, is the founding ancestor of [[Ngāti Kahungunu]], who occupy the region south of the Ngāti Porou tribal boundaries.
* Kahungunu, descending from Ueroa (the second son of Porourangi), is the founding ancestor of [[Ngāti Kahungunu]].
* Taua, descended from Kahungunu, is a prominent ancestor in [[Te Whānau-ā-Apanui]] genealogy.{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}}
* Taua, descended from Kahungunu, is a prominent ancestor in [[Te Whānau-ā-Apanui]] genealogy.
* [[Ngāti Raukawa]] and the [[Tainui]] iwi have association through Rongomaianiwaniwa, daughter of Porourangi, and the marriage of the ancestress Māhinaarangi to Tūrongo.
* [[Ngāti Raukawa]] and the [[Tainui]] iwi have association through Porourangi's daughter Rongomaianiwaniwa and through the marriage of the ancestress Māhinaarangi to [[Tūrongo]].
* [[Ngāi Tahu]] traditions also indicate descent from both Porourangi and from Tahupōtiki, younger-brother to the former.<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>
* Tahupōtiki, younger-brother to the Porourangi, is [[Ngāi Tahu]]'s founding ancestor.<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>


===Colonial history===
===Colonial history===
Ngāti Porou sustained heavy losses over the course of the [[Musket Wars]], a period of heightened warfare between iwi unleashed by the adoption of firearms and resulting power imbalances. The iwi's first experience of musket warfare came in 1819, when a raid by [[Ngāpuhi]] [[rangatira]] Te Morenga led to the capture and killing of many members, including two rangatira.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=39}}</ref> That same year a second attack by [[Hongi Hika]] of Ngāpuhi and Te Haupa of [[Ngāti Maru (Taranaki)|Ngāti Maru]] targeted the iwi’s [[pā]] at [[Hicks Bay|Wharekahika Bay]], but Te Haupa was slain and the raid was repelled at the cost of heavy casualties.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |date=2020 |publisher=Oratia Books |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=40}}</ref> Heavy defeats came at the hands of a raiding party led by the Ngāpuhi rangatira [[Pōmare I (Ngāpuhi)|Pōmare I]] and [[Te Wera Hauraki]], who through force and guile sacked the pā of Okauwharetoa and Te Whetumatarau near [[Te Araroa (town)|Te Araroa]]. Te Wera Hauraki’s forces would then move on to sack additional pā in the area of [[Waiapu River]] and [[Whareponga|Whareponga Bay]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=44–45}}</ref> A final defeat at the hands of Ngāpuhi took place in 1823, when a preemptive attack by a large army of Ngāti Porou warriors on Pōmare’s trespassing forces in Te Araroa was cut down in open field by musket fire. The rangatira Taotaoriri was then able to negotiate a favorable peace between the two iwi, a deal sealed by his marriage to the Ngāti Porou noblewoman Hikupoto and the return of Rangi-i-paea, who had been abducted and married to Pōmare in a previous raid.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=61–62}}</ref> This peace was to have important religious consequences, as a number of Ngāti Porou rangatira freed by Ngāpuhi in later negotiations would go on to spread the Christianity they had adopted from European missionaries during the course of their captivity.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=62}}</ref>


A second wave of violence rocked Ngāti Porou starting in 1829, when the presence of Ngāti Porou passengers on the ship where the [[Ngāti Awa]] rangatira Ngarara was assassinated by Ngāpuhi marked the iwi as a target for retribution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=163}}</ref> Minor raids by Ngāti Awa and their allies [[Whakatōhea]] and [[Te Whānau-ā-Apanui]] in 1829 and 1831 resulted in the deaths of some Ngāti Porou, which triggered retaliatory action from the iwi.<ref name=":0" /> In 1832 Ngāti Porou joined forces with Ngāpuhi, [[Rongowhakaata]], and [[Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki]] to seize Kekeparaoa pā and expel the four hundred Whakatōhea members who had come to occupy it after being unilaterally invited to do so by a Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki [[hapū]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=164}}</ref> A second 1832 raid, this time against Te Whānau-ā-Apanui, did not meet with the same success, as the defenders of Wharekura pā rebuffed the attackers and slew two Ngāti Porou rangatira.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=165}}</ref> Two years later, a retaliatory raid by Te Whānau-ā-Apanui was in turn rebuffed by forces under the rangatira Kakatarau, whose father Pakura was killed at Wharekura.<ref name=":1" /> Ngāti Porou then joined forces with Te Wera’s Ngāpuhi and [[Te Kani-a-Takirau]]’s Rongowhakaata to attack Te Whānau-ā-Apanui at Te Kaha Point’s formidable Toka a Kuku pā. After six months of siege and heavy fighting, including the defeat of numerous [[sortie]]s and the routing of a relief force of fourteen hundred warriors from Whakatōhea, [[Ngāitai|Ngāi Tai]], and Ngāti Awa, the attackers eventually proved unable to seize the pā and returned home.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=166–167}}</ref> The extraordinary battlefield feats of the Christian Ngāti Porou rangatira [[Piripi Taumata-a-Kura]] lent him enormous prestige, which he soon leveraged to convert other Ngāti Porou rangatira and lead Te Whānau-ā-Apanui and Ngāti Porou to a peace accord in 1837.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crosby |first=Ron |title=The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today |publisher=Oratia Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-947506-79-7 |location=Auckland |pages=167}}</ref>
[[File:Maori-rafters-in-house.jpg|thumb|[[Wharenui]] (meeting house) in Waiomatatini, 1896, named Porourangi after the ancestor Ngāti Porou derive their name from.<ref name="TeAraPorourangiWhare">{{cite web |url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/ngati-porou/1/1 |title=Ngāti Porou: Porourangi whare, Waiomatatini |first=Tamati Muturangi |last=Reedy |date=24 September 2011 |work=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage|Manatū Taonga {{pipe}} Ministry for Culture and Heritage]] |location=[[Wellington]], New Zealand |access-date=12 May 2012}}</ref>]]


The early 19th century saw Ngāti Porou in conflict with [[Ngā Puhi]] during the latter's campaign of warfare throughout the North Island. This period also saw the introduction of [[Christianity]] to the region, which led to a period of relative calm and cultural development. Ngāti Porou chiefs were also signatories to the [[Treaty of Waitangi]] in 1840. Ngāti Porou experienced substantial economic growth during the 1850s.<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>
The waning of the Musket Wars and the unifying influence of Christianity ushered in a period of relative calm and cultural development. Ngāti Porou chiefs were also signatories to the [[Treaty of Waitangi]] in 1840. Ngāti Porou experienced substantial economic growth during the 1850s.<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>


During the 1860s, the [[Pai Mārire]] religious movement spread through the North Island, and eventually came into conflict with the New Zealand Government. From 1865–1870, a civil war emerged within Ngāti Porou, between Pai Mārire converts seeking the creation of an independent Māori state (supported by Pai Mārire from other regions) and other Ngāti Porou advocating tribal sovereignty and independence. This conflict is generally viewed as part of the [[East Cape War]].<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>
During the 1860s, the [[Pai Mārire]] religious movement spread through the North Island, and eventually came into conflict with the New Zealand Government. From 1865–1870, a civil war emerged within Ngāti Porou between Pai Mārire converts seeking the creation of an independent Māori state (supported by Pai Mārire from other regions) and other Ngāti Porou advocating tribal sovereignty and independence. This conflict is generally viewed as part of the [[East Cape War]].<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>


===Modern history===
===Modern history===


Ngāti Porou once again enjoyed peace and economic prosperity during the late 19th century. The 1890s saw the emergence of [[Āpirana Ngata|Sir Āpirana Ngata]], who contributed greatly to the revitalisation of the Māori people. During the early 20th century, the population of Ngāti Porou increased substantially. They were active in their participation in both [[World Wars]].<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>
Ngāti Porou once again enjoyed peace and economic prosperity during the late 19th century. The 1890s saw the emergence of [[Āpirana Ngata|Sir Āpirana Ngata]], who contributed greatly to the revitalisation of the Māori people. During the early 20th century, the population of Ngāti Porou increased substantially. They were active in their participation in both [[World Wars]].<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>


After [[World War II]], large numbers of Ngāti Porou began emigrating from traditional tribal lands and moving into larger urban areas, in a trend reflected throughout New Zealand. A large portion of the tribal population now lives in [[Auckland]] and [[Wellington]].<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>
After [[World War II]], large numbers of Ngāti Porou began emigrating from traditional tribal lands and moving into larger urban areas, in a trend reflected throughout New Zealand. A large portion of the tribal population now lives in [[Auckland]] and [[Wellington]].<ref name="mahuika"/><ref name="reedy"/>
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==Hapū and marae==
==Hapū and marae==


{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
===Potikirua ki Waiapu===
|-

! Name<ref name="tkm" /> || Rohe (tribal area)<ref name="tkm" /> || Marae (meeting grounds)<ref name="tkm" /> || Location<ref name="tkm" />
The Potikirua ki Waiapu rohe includes these hapū:
|-

|| {{anchor|Ngāi Taharora}}Ngāi Taharora || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Taharora]] || [[Waipiro Bay]]
* Ngāi Tamakoro, of Tutua marae in Te Araroa
|-
* Ngāi Tāne, of Hinepare marae in Rangitukia, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
|| {{anchor|Ngāi Tamakoro}}Ngāi Tamakoro || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Tutua]] || [[Te Araroa]]
* Ngāti Hokopū, of Hinepare marae in Rangitukia, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
|-
* Ngāti Kahu, of Punaruku marae in Hicks Bay
|| {{anchor|Ngāi Tangihaere}}Ngāi Tangihaere || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Kariaka]], [[Ruataupare]], [[Whareponga]] || [[Ruatoria]]
* Ngāti Nua, of Hinepare maraein Rangitukia, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
|-
* Ngāti Putaanga of Kaiwaka marae in Tikitiki, and Putaanga marae in Tikitiki
|| {{anchor|Ngāi Tāne}}Ngāi Tāne || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinepare]], [[Ōhinewaiapu]] || [[Rangitukia]]
* Ngāti Tuere of Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika marae in Hicks Bay, Hinerupe marae in Te Araroa, and Tutua marae in Te Araroa
|-
* Te Whānau a Hinepare, of Hinepare marae in Rangitukia, Awatere marae in Te Araroa, Hinerupe marae in Te Araroa, Hurae marae in Te Araroa, Kaiwaka marae in Tikitiki, and Rāhui marae in North Tikitiki
|| {{anchor|Ngāi Tutekohi}}Ngāi Tutekohi || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Hauiti]] || [[Tolaga Bay]]
* Te Whānau a Hunaara, of Matahī o Te Tau marae in Horoera, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
|-
* Te Whānau a Karuai, of Hinerupe marae in Te Araroa, Karuai marae in Tikitiki, and Waiomatatini marae in Ruatoria
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Hau}}Ngāti Hau || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Hinetamatea]] || [[Anaura Bay]]
* Te Whānau a Rākaimataura, of Rāhui marae in North Tikitiki
|-
* Te Whānau a Rerewa, of Hinepare marae in Rangitukia, and Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
* Te Whānau a Takimoana, of Ōhinewaiapu marae in Rangitukia
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Hokopū}}Ngāti Hokopū || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinepare]], [[Ōhinewaiapu]] || [[Rangitukia]]
|-
* Te Whānau a Tapuaeururangi, of Pōtaka marae in Pōtaka
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Horowai}}Ngāti Horowai || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Te Horo]] || [[Port Awanui]]
* Te Whānau a Tapuhi, of Taumata o Tapuhi in Rangitukia
|-
* Te Whānau a Te Aotakī Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika, of Tūwhakairiora in Hicks Bay
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Ira}}Ngāti Ira || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Ōkurī]], [[Tuatini]] || [[Tolaga Bay]], [[Tokomaru Bay]]
* Te Whānau a Te Uruahi Tinatoka, of Te Poho o Tinatoka in Tikitiki
|-
* Te Whanau a Tinatoka Tinatoka, of Te Poho o Tinatoka in Tikitiki
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Kahu}}Ngāti Kahu || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Punaruku]] || [[Hicks Bay]]
* Te Whānau a Tuwhakairiora, of Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika marae in Hicks Bay, and Hinerupe marae in Te Araroa<ref name="tkmentry"/>
|-

|| {{anchor|Ngāti Kahukuranui}}Ngāti Kahukuranui || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Hauiti]], [[Hinemaurea ki Mangatuna]], [[Ōkurī]] || [[Tolaga Bay]]
===Waiapu ki Tawhiti===
|-

|| {{anchor|Ngāti Kōnohi}}Ngāti Kōnohi || Rototahe ki Te Toka a Taiau || [[Te Poho o Rawiri]], [[Whāngārā]] || [[Kaitī]], [[Whāngārā]]
The Waiapu ki Tawhiti rohe includes these hapū:
|-

|| {{anchor|Ngāti Nua}}Ngāti Nua || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinepare]], [[Ōhinewaiapu]] || [[Rangitukia]]
* Ngāi Taharora Taharora, of Taharora marae in Waipiro Bay
|-
* Ngāi Tangihaere, of Kariaka marae in Ruatoria, Ruataupare marae in Ruatoria, and Whareponga marae in Ruatoria
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Oneone}}Ngāti Oneone || Rototahe ki Te Toka a Taiau || [[Te Poho o Rawiri]] || [[Kaitī]]
* Ngāti Horowai, of Te Horo marae in Port Awanui
|-
* Ngāti Rangi, of Reporua marae in Ruatoria
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Patu Whare}}Ngāti Patu Whare || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Te Rawheoro]] || [[Tolaga Bay]]
* Ngāti Uepōhatu, of Mangahanea marae in Ruatoria, Uepōhatu marae in Ruatoria, and Umuariki marae in Tūpāroa
|-
* Te Aitanga a Materoa, of Hiruhārama marae, Penu marae in Makarika, Rongohaere marae in Ruatoria, and Whareponga marae in Ruatoria
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Putaanga}}Ngāti Putaanga || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Kaiwaka]], [[Putaanga]] || [[Tikitiki]]
* Te Aowera, of Hiruhārama marae, and Te Aowera marae in Ruatoria
|-
* Te Whānau a Hineauta, of Tikapa marae
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Rangi}}Ngāti Rangi || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Reporua]] || [[Ruatoria]]
* Te Whānau a Hinekehu, of Kariaka marae and Rauru marae in Ruatoria
|-
* Te Whānau a Hinetapora, of Mangahanea marae in Ruatoria, and Te Heapera marae in Ruatoria
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Tuere}}Ngāti Tuere || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika]], [[Hinerupe]], [[Tutua]] || [[Rangitukia]], [[Hicks Bay]]
* Te Whānau a Iritekura Iritekura, of Iritekura marae in Waipiro Bay
|-
* Te Whānau a Mahaki, of Te Horo marae in Port Awanui
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Uepōhatu}}Ngāti Uepōhatu || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Mangahanea Marae]], [[Uepōhatu]], [[Umuariki]] || [[Ruatoria]], [[Tūpāroa]]
* Te Whānau a Pōkai, of Tikapa marae
|-
* Te Whānau a Rākaihoea Kākāriki, of Rākaihoea marae in Waiomatatini
|| {{anchor|Ngāti Wakarara}}Ngāti Wakarara || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Hinetamatea]] || [[Tokomaru Bay]]
* Te Whānau a Rākairoa, of Akuaku, Kie Kie marae in Waipiro Bay, and Rongohaere marae in Ruatoria
|-
* Te Whānau a Te Haemata, of Kie Kie marae in Waipiro Bay
|| {{anchor|Te Aitanga a Hauiti}}Te Aitanga a Hauiti || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Hauiti]], [[Te Rawheoro]] || [[Tolaga Bay]]
* Te Whanau a Ruataupare ki Tuparoa
|-
* Te Whānau a Umuariki, of Umuariki marae in Tūpāroa
|| {{anchor|Te Aitanga a Materoa}}Te Aitanga a Materoa || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Hiruhārama]], [[Rongoitekai|Penu Marae]], [[Rongohaere]], [[Whareponga]] || [[Ruatoria]]
* Te Whānau a Uruhonea, of Te Horo marae in Port Awanui<ref name="tkmentry"/>
|-

|| {{anchor|Te Aowera}}Te Aowera || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Hiruhārama]], [[Te Aowera]] || [[Ruatoria]]
===Tawhiti ki Rototahe===
|-

|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Hineauta}}Te Whānau a Hineauta || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Tikapa]] || [[Tikapa]]
The Tawhiti ki Rototahe rohe includes these hapū:
|-

|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Hinekehu}}Te Whānau a Hinekehu || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Kariaka]], [[Rauru]] || [[Ruatoria]]
* Ngāi Tutekohi Hauiti, of Ruakapanga marae in Tolaga Bay
|-
* Ngāti Hau, of Hinetamatea marae in Anaura Bay
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Hinepare}}Te Whānau a Hinepare || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinepare]], [[Awatere]], [[Hinerupe]], [[Hurae]], [[Kaiwaka]], [[Rāhui]] || [[Rangitukia]], [[Te Araroa]], [[Tikitiki]]
* Ngāti Ira, of Ōkurī marae in Tolaga Bay, and Tuatini marae in Tokomaru Bay
|-
* Ngāti Kahukuranui, of Hauiti marae, Hinemaurea ki Mangatuna marae and Ōkurī marae in Tolaga Bay
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Hinetāpora}}Te Whānau a Hinetāpora || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Mangahanea Marae]], [[Mangarua Marae|Te Heapera]] || [[Ruatoria]]
* Ngāti Patu Whare, of Te Rawheoro marae in Tolaga Bay
|-
* Ngāti Wakarara, of Hinetamatea marae in Tokomaru Bay
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Hunaara}}Te Whānau a Hunaara || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Matahī o Te Tau]], [[Ōhinewaiapu]] || [[Horoera]], [[Rangitukia]]
* Te Aitanga a Hauiti, of Hauiti marae and Te Rawheoro marae in Tolaga Bay
|-
* Te Whānau a Ruataupare ki Tokomaru, of Pakirikiri marae, Tuatini marae and Waiparapara marae in Tokomaru Bay
* Te Whānau a Te Aotawarirangi, of Te Ariuru marae in Tokomaru Bay
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Iritekura}}Te Whānau a Iritekura || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Iritekura]] || [[Waipiro Bay]]
|-
* Te Whānau a Te Rangipureora, of Puketawai marae in Tolaga Bay<ref name="tkmentry"/>
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Karuwai}}Te Whānau a Karuwai || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinerupe]], [[Karuwai]], [[Waiomatatini]] || [[Te Araroa]], [[Tikitiki]], [[Ruatoria]]

|-
===Rototahe ki Te Toka a Taiau===
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Mahaki}}Te Whānau a Mahaki || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Te Horo]] || [[Port Awanui]]

|-
The Rototahe ki Te Toka a Taiau rohe includes these hapū:
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Pōkai}}Te Whānau a Pōkai || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Tikapa]] || [[Tikapa]]

|-
* Ngāti Konohi, of Te Poho o Rawiri marae in Kaitī, and Whāngārā marae
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Rākaihoea}}Te Whānau a Rākaihoea || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Kākāriki]] || [[Waiomatatini]]
* Ngāti Oneone, of Te Poho o Rawiri marae in Kaitī<ref name="tkmentry"/>
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Rākaimataura}}Te Whānau a Rākaimataura || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Rāhui]] || [[Tikitiki]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Rākairoa}}Te Whānau a Rākairoa || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Akuaku]], [[Kie Kie]] || [[Waipiro Bay]], [[Ruatoria]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Rerewa}}Te Whānau a Rerewa || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinepare]], [[Ōhinewaiapu]] || [[Rangitukia]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Ruataupare ki Tokomaru}}Te Whānau a Ruataupare ki Tokomaru || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Pakirikiri]], [[Tuatini]], [[Waiparapara]] || [[Tokomaru Bay]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whanau a Ruataupare ki Tuparoa}}Te Whanau a Ruataupare ki Tuparoa || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Tūpāroa]] || [[Tūpāroa]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Takimoana}}Te Whānau a Takimoana || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Ōhinewaiapu]] || [[Rangitukia]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Tapuaeururangi}}Te Whānau a Tapuaeururangi || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Pōtaka]] || [[Pōtaka]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Tāpuhi}}Te Whānau a Tāpuhi || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Taumata o Tapuhi]] || [[Rangitukia]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Te Aotakī}}Te Whānau a Te Aotakī || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika]] || [[Hicks Bay]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Te Aotawarirangi}}Te Whānau a Te Aotawarirangi || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Te Ariuru]] || [[Tokomaru Bay]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Te Haemata}}Te Whānau a Te Haemata || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Kie Kie]] || [[Waipiro Bay]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Te Rangipureora}}Te Whānau a Te Rangipureora || Tawhiti ki Rototahe || [[Puketawai Marae]] || [[Tolaga Bay]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Te Uruahi}}Te Whānau a Te Uruahi || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Tinātoka Marae]] || [[Tikitiki]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whanau a Tinatoka}}Te Whanau a Tinatoka || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Te Poho o Tinatoka]] || [[Tikitiki]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Tuwhakairiora}}Te Whānau a Tuwhakairiora || Potikirua ki Waiapu || [[Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika]], [[Hinerupe]] || [[Hicks Bay]], [[Te Araroa]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Umuariki}}Te Whānau a Umuariki || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Umuariki]] || [[Tūpāroa]]
|-
|| {{anchor|Te Whānau a Uruhonea}}Te Whānau a Uruhonea || Waiapu ki Tawhiti || [[Te Horo]] || [[Port Awanui]]
|}


==Governance==
==Governance==


Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou was established in 1987 to be the tribal authority of the iwi. It is organised into a whānau and hapū development branch, economic development branch, and a corporate services branch, and aims to maintain the financial, physical and spiritual assets of the tribe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/RUNANGA.html |title=Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou mission statement |access-date=2007-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117193329/http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/RUNANGA.html |archive-date=2008-01-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The common law trust is overseen by a board, with two representatives from each of the seven ancestral zones. As of 2018, the trust is based in Gisborne, and is chaired by Selwyn Parata, with Herewini Te Koha as both chief executive and general manager.<ref name="tkmentry"/>
Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou was established in 1987 to be the tribal authority of the iwi. It is organised into a whānau and hapū development branch, economic development branch, and a corporate services branch, and aims to maintain the financial, physical and spiritual assets of the tribe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/RUNANGA.html |title=Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou mission statement |access-date=2007-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117193329/http://www.ngatiporou.iwi.nz/RUNANGA.html |archive-date=2008-01-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The common law trust is overseen by a board, with two representatives from each of the seven ancestral zones. As of 2022, the Rūnanga is based in Gisborne, and is chaired by Selwyn Parata, with George Reedy as the chief executive.


The trust administers [[Treaty of Waitangi]] settlements under the Ngati Porou Claims Settlement Act, represents the iwi under the Māori Fisheries Act, and is the official iwi authority for resource consent consultation under the Resource Management Act. Its rohe is contained within the territory of [[Gisborne District Council]], which is both a regional and district council.<ref name="tkmentry"/>
The trust administers [[Treaty of Waitangi]] settlements under the Ngati Porou Claims Settlement Act, represents the iwi under the Māori Fisheries Act, and is the official iwi authority for resource consent consultation under the Resource Management Act. Its rohe is contained within the territory of [[Gisborne District Council]], which is both a regional and district council.<ref name="tkm"/>


==Media==
==Media==

===Radio Ngāti Porou===


[[Radio Ngāti Porou]] is the official station of Ngāti Porou. It is based in Ruatoria and broadcasts on {{Frequency|89.3|FM}} in [[Tikitiki]], {{Frequency|90.5|FM}} at [[Tolaga Bay]], {{Frequency|93.3|FM}} in [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]], {{Frequency|98.1|FM}} in Ruatoria, and {{Frequency|105.3|FM}} at [[Hicks Bay]].<ref name=radiongatiporou>{{cite web|title=Radio Ngati Porou|url=http://radiongatiporou.co.nz/|website=Radio Ngati Porou|publisher=RNP|access-date=14 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=maorimedia>{{cite web|title=Iwi Radio Coverage|url=http://www.maorimedia.co.nz/Iwi_Radio_Coverage.pdf|website=maorimedia.co.nz|publisher=Māori Media Network|access-date=14 June 2015|date=2007}}</ref>
[[Radio Ngāti Porou]] is the official station of Ngāti Porou. It is based in Ruatoria and broadcasts on {{Frequency|89.3|FM}} in [[Tikitiki]], {{Frequency|90.5|FM}} at [[Tolaga Bay]], {{Frequency|93.3|FM}} in [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]], {{Frequency|98.1|FM}} in Ruatoria, and {{Frequency|105.3|FM}} at [[Hicks Bay]].<ref name=radiongatiporou>{{cite web|title=Radio Ngati Porou|url=http://radiongatiporou.co.nz/|website=Radio Ngati Porou|publisher=RNP|access-date=14 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=maorimedia>{{cite web|title=Iwi Radio Coverage|url=http://www.maorimedia.co.nz/Iwi_Radio_Coverage.pdf|website=maorimedia.co.nz|publisher=Māori Media Network|access-date=14 June 2015|date=2007}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
{{main category|Ngāti Porou people}}
There are many notable people who are affiliated to Ngāti Porou. This is a list of some of them.
[[File:Georgina Beyer 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Georgina Beyer 2018 |150x150px]][[File:George Nēpia 1935.jpg|thumb|George Nēpia 1935|168x168px]][[File:Iritana Tawhiwhirangi DNZM (cropped).jpg|thumb|Iritana Tawhiwhirangi DNZM|160x160px]]
[[File:Georgina Beyer 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Georgina Beyer 2018 |150x150px]][[File:George Nēpia 1935.jpg|thumb|George Nēpia 1935|168x168px]][[File:Iritana Tawhiwhirangi DNZM (cropped).jpg|thumb|Iritana Tawhiwhirangi DNZM|160x160px]]
{{maincat|Ngāti Porou}}There are many notable people who are affiliated to Ngāti Porou. This is a list of some of them.
*[[Alex Aiono]], singer
*[[Alex Aiono]], singer
*[[Georgina Beyer]], politician
*[[Georgina Beyer]], politician
*[[Rory Fallon]], sportsman
*[[Keisha Castle-Hughes]], actress
*[[Rory Fallon]], football player and assistant coach of [[New Zealand men's national football team|All Whites]]
*[[Rico Gear]], rugby player
*[[Hosea Gear]], rugby player, coach of [[East Coast Rugby Football Union|East Coast rugby team]]
*[[Parekura Horomia]] politician
*[[Parekura Horomia]] politician
*[[Witi Ihimaera]], writer
*[[Witi Ihimaera]], writer
*[[Moana Jackson]]
*[[Moana Jackson]], lawyer
*[[Hone Kaa]]
*[[Hone Kaa]], church leader and child welfare advocate
*[[Keri Kaa]], writer, educator, and advocate for the Māori language
*[[Keri Kaa]]
*[[Wi Kuki Kaa]]
*[[Wi Kuki Kaa]], actor
*[[Kuni Kaa Jenkins]], author, educationalist and research
*[[Ka Hao]], [[Māori language|te Reo Māori]] youth choir<ref name="Re">{{Cite web |url=https://www.renews.co.nz/35-by-ka-hao-feat-rob-ruha-is-the-tiktok-anthem-of-te-wiki-o-te-reo-maori/ |title='35' by Kao Hao feat Rob Ruha is the TikTok anthem of Te Wiki o Te Reo Māori |author=Mahi Tahi Media |date=16 September 2021|website=Re: |publisher=[[TVNZ]] |access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref>
*[[Ka Hao]], [[Māori language|te Reo Māori]] youth choir<ref name="Re">{{Cite web |url=https://www.renews.co.nz/35-by-ka-hao-feat-rob-ruha-is-the-tiktok-anthem-of-te-wiki-o-te-reo-maori/ |title='35' by Kao Hao feat Rob Ruha is the TikTok anthem of Te Wiki o Te Reo Māori |author=Mahi Tahi Media |date=16 September 2021|website=Re |publisher=[[TVNZ]] |access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref>
*[[Robyn Kahukiwa]]
*[[Robyn Kahukiwa]], artist and children's author
*[[Henare Mokena Kohere]]
*[[Mokena Kohere]]
*[[Henare Mokena Kohere]], farmer and soldier
*[[Mokena Kohere]], politician
*[[Rēweti Kōhere]], Anglican minister
*[[Rēweti Kōhere]], Anglican minister
*[[George Nēpia]]
*[[George Nēpia]], rugby player
*[[Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu|Te Moana Nui a Kiwa Ngarimu]] VC
*[[Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu|Te Moana Nui a Kiwa Ngarimu]] VC
*[[Sofia Minson]], artist
*[[Sofia Minson]], artist
*[[Āpirana Ngata]]
*[[Āpirana Ngata]], politician
*[[Arihia Ngata]], community leader
*[[Rob Ruha]], musician<ref name="TheArts">{{cite web|url=https://www.thearts.co.nz/artists/rob-ruha |title=Rob Ruha's Biography |publisher=The Arts Foundation |accessdate=14 December 2021}}</ref>
*[[Shane Rufer]], sportsman
*[[Shane Rufer]], sportsman
*[[Wynton Rufer]], sportsman
*[[Wynton Rufer]], sportsman
Line 152: Line 196:
*[[John Tamihere]], politician
*[[John Tamihere]], politician
*[[Iritana Tāwhiwhirangi]], educationalist
*[[Iritana Tāwhiwhirangi]], educationalist
*[[Tayi Tibble]], poet
*[[Te Ngahuru]], 28th Maori Battalion
*[[Te Ngahuru]], 28th Maori Battalion
*[[Mohi Turei]], Anglican ministerDame
*[[Mohi Turei]], Anglican minister
*[[Patricia Te Arapo Wallace]], academic
*[[Brad Weber]], rugby player for [[New Zealand All Blacks]] and the current captain of the [[Maori All Blacks]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/sport/2022/07/rugby-m-ori-all-blacks-halfback-brad-weber-hopes-to-inspire-those-who-don-t-look-m-ori-to-explore-their-whakapapa.html|title=Rugby: Māori All Blacks halfback Brad Weber hopes to inspire those who 'don't look Māori' to explore their whakapapa|website=Newshub|date=2022-07-13|access-date=2024-02-22}}</ref>
*[[Shannon McIlroy]], lawn bowler


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 00:02, 20 September 2024

Ngāti Porou
Iwi (tribe) in Māoridom
Rohe (region)East Cape and Gisborne region
Waka (canoe)Horouta
Population92,349 (2018)
Websitewww.ngatiporou.iwi.nz

Ngāti Porou is a Māori iwi traditionally located in the East Cape and Gisborne regions of the North Island of New Zealand. Ngāti Porou is affiliated with the 28th Maori Battalion, it also has the second-largest affiliation of any iwi, behind Ngāpuhi with an estimated 92,349 people according to the 2018 census.[1] The traditional rohe or tribal area of Ngāti Porou extends from Pōtikirua and Lottin Point in the north to Te Toka-a-Taiau (a rock that used to sit in the mouth of Gisborne harbour) in the south.[2] The Ngāti Porou iwi also comprises 58 hapū (sub-tribes) and 48 mārae (meeting grounds).[3]

Mt Hikurangi features prominently in Ngāti Porou traditions as a symbol of endurance and strength, and holds tapu status. In these traditions, Hikurangi is often personified. Ngāti Porou traditions indicate that Hikurangi was the first point to surface when Māui fished up the North Island from beneath the ocean. His canoe, the Nuku-tai-memeha, is said to have been wrecked there. The Waiapu River also features in Ngāti Porou traditions.[4][5]

History

[edit]
Ngāti Porou paepae pātaka (threshold of a storehouse) in the Waiapu Valley
Wharenui (meeting house) in Waiomatatini, 1896, named Porourangi after the ancestor Ngāti Porou derive their name from.[6]

Pre-European history

[edit]

Ngāti Porou takes its name from the ancestor Porourangi, also known as Porou Ariki.[7] He was a direct descendant of Toi-kai-rākau, Māui (accredited in oral tradition with raising the North Island from the sea), and Paikea the whale rider.[4][5]

Although Ngāti Porou claim the Nukutaimemeha as their foundation canoe, many Ngāti Porou ancestors arrived on different canoes, including Horouta, Tākitimu and Tereanini. The descendants of Porourangi and Toi formed groups that spread across the East Cape through conquest and through strategic marriage alliances.[4][5]

Genealogical associations with other iwi also arise through direct descent from Ngāti Porou ancestors:

  • Kahungunu, descending from Ueroa (the second son of Porourangi), is the founding ancestor of Ngāti Kahungunu.
  • Taua, descended from Kahungunu, is a prominent ancestor in Te Whānau-ā-Apanui genealogy.
  • Ngāti Raukawa and the Tainui iwi have association through Porourangi's daughter Rongomaianiwaniwa and through the marriage of the ancestress Māhinaarangi to Tūrongo.
  • Tahupōtiki, younger-brother to the Porourangi, is Ngāi Tahu's founding ancestor.[4][5]

Colonial history

[edit]

Ngāti Porou sustained heavy losses over the course of the Musket Wars, a period of heightened warfare between iwi unleashed by the adoption of firearms and resulting power imbalances. The iwi's first experience of musket warfare came in 1819, when a raid by Ngāpuhi rangatira Te Morenga led to the capture and killing of many members, including two rangatira.[8] That same year a second attack by Hongi Hika of Ngāpuhi and Te Haupa of Ngāti Maru targeted the iwi’s pā at Wharekahika Bay, but Te Haupa was slain and the raid was repelled at the cost of heavy casualties.[9] Heavy defeats came at the hands of a raiding party led by the Ngāpuhi rangatira Pōmare I and Te Wera Hauraki, who through force and guile sacked the pā of Okauwharetoa and Te Whetumatarau near Te Araroa. Te Wera Hauraki’s forces would then move on to sack additional pā in the area of Waiapu River and Whareponga Bay.[10] A final defeat at the hands of Ngāpuhi took place in 1823, when a preemptive attack by a large army of Ngāti Porou warriors on Pōmare’s trespassing forces in Te Araroa was cut down in open field by musket fire. The rangatira Taotaoriri was then able to negotiate a favorable peace between the two iwi, a deal sealed by his marriage to the Ngāti Porou noblewoman Hikupoto and the return of Rangi-i-paea, who had been abducted and married to Pōmare in a previous raid.[11] This peace was to have important religious consequences, as a number of Ngāti Porou rangatira freed by Ngāpuhi in later negotiations would go on to spread the Christianity they had adopted from European missionaries during the course of their captivity.[12]

A second wave of violence rocked Ngāti Porou starting in 1829, when the presence of Ngāti Porou passengers on the ship where the Ngāti Awa rangatira Ngarara was assassinated by Ngāpuhi marked the iwi as a target for retribution.[13] Minor raids by Ngāti Awa and their allies Whakatōhea and Te Whānau-ā-Apanui in 1829 and 1831 resulted in the deaths of some Ngāti Porou, which triggered retaliatory action from the iwi.[13] In 1832 Ngāti Porou joined forces with Ngāpuhi, Rongowhakaata, and Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki to seize Kekeparaoa pā and expel the four hundred Whakatōhea members who had come to occupy it after being unilaterally invited to do so by a Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki hapū.[14] A second 1832 raid, this time against Te Whānau-ā-Apanui, did not meet with the same success, as the defenders of Wharekura pā rebuffed the attackers and slew two Ngāti Porou rangatira.[15] Two years later, a retaliatory raid by Te Whānau-ā-Apanui was in turn rebuffed by forces under the rangatira Kakatarau, whose father Pakura was killed at Wharekura.[15] Ngāti Porou then joined forces with Te Wera’s Ngāpuhi and Te Kani-a-Takirau’s Rongowhakaata to attack Te Whānau-ā-Apanui at Te Kaha Point’s formidable Toka a Kuku pā. After six months of siege and heavy fighting, including the defeat of numerous sorties and the routing of a relief force of fourteen hundred warriors from Whakatōhea, Ngāi Tai, and Ngāti Awa, the attackers eventually proved unable to seize the pā and returned home.[16] The extraordinary battlefield feats of the Christian Ngāti Porou rangatira Piripi Taumata-a-Kura lent him enormous prestige, which he soon leveraged to convert other Ngāti Porou rangatira and lead Te Whānau-ā-Apanui and Ngāti Porou to a peace accord in 1837.[17]

The waning of the Musket Wars and the unifying influence of Christianity ushered in a period of relative calm and cultural development. Ngāti Porou chiefs were also signatories to the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Ngāti Porou experienced substantial economic growth during the 1850s.[4][5]

During the 1860s, the Pai Mārire religious movement spread through the North Island, and eventually came into conflict with the New Zealand Government. From 1865–1870, a civil war emerged within Ngāti Porou between Pai Mārire converts seeking the creation of an independent Māori state (supported by Pai Mārire from other regions) and other Ngāti Porou advocating tribal sovereignty and independence. This conflict is generally viewed as part of the East Cape War.[4][5]

Modern history

[edit]

Ngāti Porou once again enjoyed peace and economic prosperity during the late 19th century. The 1890s saw the emergence of Sir Āpirana Ngata, who contributed greatly to the revitalisation of the Māori people. During the early 20th century, the population of Ngāti Porou increased substantially. They were active in their participation in both World Wars.[4][5]

After World War II, large numbers of Ngāti Porou began emigrating from traditional tribal lands and moving into larger urban areas, in a trend reflected throughout New Zealand. A large portion of the tribal population now lives in Auckland and Wellington.[4][5]

Hapū and marae

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Name[2] Rohe (tribal area)[2] Marae (meeting grounds)[2] Location[2]
Ngāi Taharora Waiapu ki Tawhiti Taharora Waipiro Bay
Ngāi Tamakoro Potikirua ki Waiapu Tutua Te Araroa
Ngāi Tangihaere Waiapu ki Tawhiti Kariaka, Ruataupare, Whareponga Ruatoria
Ngāi Tāne Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinepare, Ōhinewaiapu Rangitukia
Ngāi Tutekohi Tawhiti ki Rototahe Hauiti Tolaga Bay
Ngāti Hau Tawhiti ki Rototahe Hinetamatea Anaura Bay
Ngāti Hokopū Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinepare, Ōhinewaiapu Rangitukia
Ngāti Horowai Waiapu ki Tawhiti Te Horo Port Awanui
Ngāti Ira Tawhiti ki Rototahe Ōkurī, Tuatini Tolaga Bay, Tokomaru Bay
Ngāti Kahu Potikirua ki Waiapu Punaruku Hicks Bay
Ngāti Kahukuranui Tawhiti ki Rototahe Hauiti, Hinemaurea ki Mangatuna, Ōkurī Tolaga Bay
Ngāti Kōnohi Rototahe ki Te Toka a Taiau Te Poho o Rawiri, Whāngārā Kaitī, Whāngārā
Ngāti Nua Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinepare, Ōhinewaiapu Rangitukia
Ngāti Oneone Rototahe ki Te Toka a Taiau Te Poho o Rawiri Kaitī
Ngāti Patu Whare Tawhiti ki Rototahe Te Rawheoro Tolaga Bay
Ngāti Putaanga Potikirua ki Waiapu Kaiwaka, Putaanga Tikitiki
Ngāti Rangi Waiapu ki Tawhiti Reporua Ruatoria
Ngāti Tuere Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika, Hinerupe, Tutua Rangitukia, Hicks Bay
Ngāti Uepōhatu Waiapu ki Tawhiti Mangahanea Marae, Uepōhatu, Umuariki Ruatoria, Tūpāroa
Ngāti Wakarara Tawhiti ki Rototahe Hinetamatea Tokomaru Bay
Te Aitanga a Hauiti Tawhiti ki Rototahe Hauiti, Te Rawheoro Tolaga Bay
Te Aitanga a Materoa Waiapu ki Tawhiti Hiruhārama, Penu Marae, Rongohaere, Whareponga Ruatoria
Te Aowera Waiapu ki Tawhiti Hiruhārama, Te Aowera Ruatoria
Te Whānau a Hineauta Waiapu ki Tawhiti Tikapa Tikapa
Te Whānau a Hinekehu Waiapu ki Tawhiti Kariaka, Rauru Ruatoria
Te Whānau a Hinepare Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinepare, Awatere, Hinerupe, Hurae, Kaiwaka, Rāhui Rangitukia, Te Araroa, Tikitiki
Te Whānau a Hinetāpora Waiapu ki Tawhiti Mangahanea Marae, Te Heapera Ruatoria
Te Whānau a Hunaara Potikirua ki Waiapu Matahī o Te Tau, Ōhinewaiapu Horoera, Rangitukia
Te Whānau a Iritekura Waiapu ki Tawhiti Iritekura Waipiro Bay
Te Whānau a Karuwai Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinerupe, Karuwai, Waiomatatini Te Araroa, Tikitiki, Ruatoria
Te Whānau a Mahaki Waiapu ki Tawhiti Te Horo Port Awanui
Te Whānau a Pōkai Waiapu ki Tawhiti Tikapa Tikapa
Te Whānau a Rākaihoea Waiapu ki Tawhiti Kākāriki Waiomatatini
Te Whānau a Rākaimataura Potikirua ki Waiapu Rāhui Tikitiki
Te Whānau a Rākairoa Waiapu ki Tawhiti Akuaku, Kie Kie Waipiro Bay, Ruatoria
Te Whānau a Rerewa Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinepare, Ōhinewaiapu Rangitukia
Te Whānau a Ruataupare ki Tokomaru Tawhiti ki Rototahe Pakirikiri, Tuatini, Waiparapara Tokomaru Bay
Te Whanau a Ruataupare ki Tuparoa Waiapu ki Tawhiti Tūpāroa Tūpāroa
Te Whānau a Takimoana Potikirua ki Waiapu Ōhinewaiapu Rangitukia
Te Whānau a Tapuaeururangi Potikirua ki Waiapu Pōtaka Pōtaka
Te Whānau a Tāpuhi Potikirua ki Waiapu Taumata o Tapuhi Rangitukia
Te Whānau a Te Aotakī Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika Hicks Bay
Te Whānau a Te Aotawarirangi Tawhiti ki Rototahe Te Ariuru Tokomaru Bay
Te Whānau a Te Haemata Waiapu ki Tawhiti Kie Kie Waipiro Bay
Te Whānau a Te Rangipureora Tawhiti ki Rototahe Puketawai Marae Tolaga Bay
Te Whānau a Te Uruahi Potikirua ki Waiapu Tinātoka Marae Tikitiki
Te Whanau a Tinatoka Potikirua ki Waiapu Te Poho o Tinatoka Tikitiki
Te Whānau a Tuwhakairiora Potikirua ki Waiapu Hinemaurea ki Wharekahika, Hinerupe Hicks Bay, Te Araroa
Te Whānau a Umuariki Waiapu ki Tawhiti Umuariki Tūpāroa
Te Whānau a Uruhonea Waiapu ki Tawhiti Te Horo Port Awanui

Governance

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Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou was established in 1987 to be the tribal authority of the iwi. It is organised into a whānau and hapū development branch, economic development branch, and a corporate services branch, and aims to maintain the financial, physical and spiritual assets of the tribe.[18] The common law trust is overseen by a board, with two representatives from each of the seven ancestral zones. As of 2022, the Rūnanga is based in Gisborne, and is chaired by Selwyn Parata, with George Reedy as the chief executive.

The trust administers Treaty of Waitangi settlements under the Ngati Porou Claims Settlement Act, represents the iwi under the Māori Fisheries Act, and is the official iwi authority for resource consent consultation under the Resource Management Act. Its rohe is contained within the territory of Gisborne District Council, which is both a regional and district council.[2]

Media

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Radio Ngāti Porou is the official station of Ngāti Porou. It is based in Ruatoria and broadcasts on 89.3 FM in Tikitiki, 90.5 FM at Tolaga Bay, 93.3 FM in Gisborne, 98.1 FM in Ruatoria, and 105.3 FM at Hicks Bay.[19][20]

Notable people

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Main category: Ngāti Porou people

There are many notable people who are affiliated to Ngāti Porou. This is a list of some of them.

Georgina Beyer 2018
George Nēpia 1935
Iritana Tawhiwhirangi DNZM

References

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  1. ^ "Demographics". Te Whata. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "TKM Ngāti Porou". tkm.govt.nz. Te Puni Kōkiri, New Zealand Government. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  3. ^ "Ngāti Porou Deed of Settlement summary". New Zealand Government. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Mahuika AT (1993-05-25). "History: Porourangi & Ngāti Porou". Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou. Archived from the original on 2006-12-11. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Reedy, Tamati Muturangi (2006-12-21). "Ngāti Porou". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
  6. ^ Reedy, Tamati Muturangi (24 September 2011). "Ngāti Porou: Porourangi whare, Waiomatatini". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand: Manatū Taonga | Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  7. ^ Ngata, Apirana Turupa; Te Hurinui, Pei (1970). Nga moteatea: he maramara rere no nga waka maha, he mea kohikohi na A.T. Ngata; na Pei Te Hurinui i whakapakeha. Vol. 3. The Polynesian Society. p. 323. Retrieved 2015-05-26. That line traces out to Porou-rangi, whose (original?) name was Porou-ariki te mata-tara-a-whare, and Te Tuhi-marei-kura of Rauru.
  8. ^ Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  9. ^ Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  10. ^ Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  11. ^ Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  12. ^ Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  13. ^ a b Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  14. ^ Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  15. ^ a b Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  16. ^ Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. pp. 166–167. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  17. ^ Crosby, Ron (2020). The Forgotten Wars: Why the Musket Wars Matter Today. Auckland: Oratia Books. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-947506-79-7.
  18. ^ "Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou mission statement". Archived from the original on 2008-01-17. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  19. ^ "Radio Ngati Porou". Radio Ngati Porou. RNP. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  20. ^ "Iwi Radio Coverage" (PDF). maorimedia.co.nz. Māori Media Network. 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  21. ^ Mahi Tahi Media (16 September 2021). "'35' by Kao Hao feat Rob Ruha is the TikTok anthem of Te Wiki o Te Reo Māori". Re. TVNZ. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  22. ^ "Rob Ruha's Biography". The Arts Foundation. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  23. ^ "Rugby: Māori All Blacks halfback Brad Weber hopes to inspire those who 'don't look Māori' to explore their whakapapa". Newshub. 2022-07-13. Retrieved 2024-02-22.
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