Semnani language: Difference between revisions

Semnani
Semnani
سمنی زفون; Semani zefön
Region	Iran
Ethnicity	Semnani
Native speakers	70,000 (2021)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Iranian Northwestern Semnani Semnani; ; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Biyabanaki;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	smy
Glottolog	semn1249
ELP	Semnani

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Semnani (سمنی زفون, Semani zefön) (known also as Komisenian languages) is one of the local languages of the Semnan Province of Iran. Despite the common misconception that Semnani is a Persian dialect, the language belongs to the Northwestern branch of the Western Iranian languages. Like other Caspian languages, it bears some resemblance to the Old Iranian Median language and was influenced by Parthian in a later process.^[2]

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n			(ŋ)
Plosive	p b		t d			k ɡ	q	ʔ
Affricate				tʃ dʒ
Fricative	f v	θ	s z	ʃ ʒ		x ɣ		h
Tap			ɾ
Trill			(r)
Approximant			l		j	w

(Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Allophones are in parentheses.)

Grammar

Syntax

Subjects in Semnani must have gender agreement with the verb in their immediate clause.^[3]

Notes

^ Semnani at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
^ Habib Borjian: . In: . Nr. 2. Brill, 2009
^ Rezapour, Ebrahim (2015). "Word order in Semnani language based on language typology". IQBQ. 6 (5): 169–190.

Bibliography

Pierre Lecoq. 1989. "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Ed. Rüdiger Schmitt. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. Pages 296-314.

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[e26-1] Semnani at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)

[2] Habib Borjian: . In: . Nr. 2. Brill, 2009

[3] Rezapour, Ebrahim (2015). "Word order in Semnani language based on language typology". IQBQ. 6 (5): 169–190.

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[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Language of the Semnan Province of Iran}}
 {{Infobox language
-|name=Semnani
+| name             = Semnani
+| nativename       = سمنی زفون<br/>Semani zefön
-|region=[[Iran]]
+| region           = [[Iran]]
-|speakers=60,000
+| speakers         = {{sigfig|70,400|2}}
-|date=2007
+| date             = 2021
-|ref=e17
+| ref              = e26
-|familycolor=Indo-European
+| ethnicity        = [[Semnani people|Semnani]]
-|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
+| familycolor      = Indo-European
-|fam3=[[Iranian languages|Iranian]]
-|fam4=[[Western Iranian languages|Western Iranian]]
+| fam2             = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
-|fam5=[[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern Iranian]]
+| fam3             = [[Iranian languages|Iranian]]
-|fam6=[[Semnani languages|Semnani]]
+| fam4             = [[Western Iranian languages|Western Iranian]]
+| fam5             = [[Northwestern Iranian languages|Northwestern]]
-|dia1=? Biyabanaki
+| fam6             = [[Semnani languages|Semnani]]
-|iso3=smy
+| dia1             = Biyabanaki
+| iso3             = smy
+| glotto           = semn1249
+| glottorefname    = Semnani-Biyabuneki
 }}
+[[File:Caspian_languages.png |thumb|right|Map depicting areas where Semnani languages are spoken (alongside [[Caspian languages]])]]
-'''Semnani''' (Semnani: {{Nastaliq|fa|سمنی زفون}} ''{{transl|fa|Semani zefön}}'') is one of the local languages of the [[Semnan Province]] of [[Iran]]. The language belongs to the Northwestern Branch of the [[Western Iranian languages]], and it is a descendent of the now extinct [[Parthian language]]. The Semnani language is often mistakenly labeled as a "dialect".<ref>Lecoq, pg. 297</ref>
+'''Semnani''' (سمنی زفون, Semani zefön) (known also as Komisenian languages) is one of the local languages of the [[Semnan Province]] of [[Iran]]. Despite the common misconception that Semnani is a [[Persian language|Persian]] dialect, the language belongs to the Northwestern branch of the [[Western Iranian languages]]. Like other [[Caspian languages]], it bears some resemblance to the Old Iranian [[Median language]] and was influenced by [[Parthian language|Parthian]] in a later process.<ref>Habib Borjian: . In: . Nr. 2. Brill, 2009</ref>
 ==Phonology==
@@ Line 53: / Line 60: @@
 |}
 (Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. [[Allophones]] are in parentheses.)
+==Grammar==
+=== Syntax ===
+Subjects in Semnani must have gender agreement with the verb in their immediate clause.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rezapour|first=Ebrahim|date=2015|title=Word order in Semnani language based on language typology|url=http://journals.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3251-en.html|journal=IQBQ|volume=6|issue=5|pages=169–190}}</ref>
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 59: / Line 71: @@
 ==Bibliography==
 Pierre Lecoq.  1989.  "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," ''Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum''.  Ed. Rüdiger Schmitt.  Wiesbaden:  Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag.  Pages 296-314.
 [[Category:Northwestern Iranian languages]]
+[[Category:Caspian languages]]
 {{Ie-lang-stub}}
 {{Iran-stub}}
+{{Iranian languages}}
 [[th:กลุ่มภาษาเซมมานี]]