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Coordinates: 40°43′03″N 73°58′27″W / 40.71750°N 73.97417°W / 40.71750; -73.97417
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{{short description|Public park in Manhattan, New York}}
{{short description|Public park in Manhattan, New York}}
{{other uses}}
{{about|the park in Manhattan|the park in Brooklyn|East River State Park|the park in Queens formerly known as East River Park|Astoria Park}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox park
{{Infobox park
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| status = Partially Open / Under Construction
| status = Partially Open / Under Construction
}}
}}
[[File:East River Park promenade 2.jpg|thumb|right|225px|The promenade along the East River opened in 2010; the [[Williamsburg Bridge]] is in the background]]
[[File:East River Park walkway.jpg|thumb|right|225px|The walkway in the park, with decades old trees (all to be demolished) which runs along the [[FDR Drive]]]]


'''East River Park''', also called '''John V. Lindsay East River Park''', is {{convert|57.5|acre|ha|adj=on|sigfig=1}} public park located on the [[Lower East Side]] of Manhattan, administered by the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Bisected by the [[Williamsburg Bridge]], it stretches along the [[East River]] from Montgomery Street up to 12th Street on the east side of the [[FDR Drive]]. Its now-demolished [[Amphitheatre|amphitheater]], built in 1941 just south of [[Grand Street (Manhattan)|Grand Street]], had been reconstructed and was often used for public performances.<ref name="nycparks history">{{cite web |url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=12173 |title=East River Park - Historical Sign |work=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation |access-date=June 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://boweryboogie.com/2022/01/east-river-amphitheater-in-ruins-after-80-year-run/|title=East River Amphitheater in Ruins After 80-Year Run|publisher=Bowery Boogie|date=3 January 2022|last=Perler|first=Elie|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120175118/https://boweryboogie.com/2022/01/east-river-amphitheater-in-ruins-after-80-year-run/|archive-date=January 20, 2022}}</ref> The park includes football, baseball, and soccer fields; tennis, basketball, and handball courts; a running track; and bike paths, including the [[East River Greenway]]. Fishing is another popular activity, for now.
'''East River Park''', also called '''John V. Lindsay East River Park''', is {{convert|57.5|acre|ha|adj=on|sigfig=1}} [[Urban park|public park]] located on the [[Lower East Side]] of Manhattan, administered by the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Bisected by the [[Williamsburg Bridge]], it stretches along the [[East River]] from Montgomery Street up to 12th Street on the east side of the [[FDR Drive]]. Its now-demolished [[Amphitheatre|amphitheater]], built in 1941 just south of [[Grand Street (Manhattan)|Grand Street]], had been reconstructed and was often used for public performances.<ref name="nycparks history">{{cite web |url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=12173 |title=East River Park - Historical Sign |work=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation |access-date=June 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://boweryboogie.com/2022/01/east-river-amphitheater-in-ruins-after-80-year-run/|title=East River Amphitheater in Ruins After 80-Year Run|publisher=Bowery Boogie|date=3 January 2022|last=Perler|first=Elie|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120175118/https://boweryboogie.com/2022/01/east-river-amphitheater-in-ruins-after-80-year-run/|archive-date=January 20, 2022}}</ref> The park includes football, baseball, and soccer fields; tennis, basketball, and handball courts; a running track; and bike paths, including the [[East River Greenway]], all of which are to be demolished. Fishing is another popular activity, for now.


The park and the surrounding neighborhood were flooded during [[Hurricane Sandy]] in 2012 prompting the city officials to consider flood mitigation plans that would alter it. In December 2019, the [[New York City Council]] voted to approve the controversial $1.45 billion East Side Coastal Resiliency project, involving the park's complete [[demolition]] and subsequent renovation, and is slated for completion in 2026. A [[New York Harbor Storm-Surge Barrier]] is also under consideration, which would also demolish and rebuild this and other parks.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
The park and the surrounding neighborhood were flooded during [[Hurricane Sandy]] in 2012 prompting the city officials to consider [[Flood control|flood mitigation]] plans that would alter it. In December 2019, the [[New York City Council]] voted to approve the controversial $1.45 billion [[East Side Coastal Resiliency project]], involving the park's complete [[demolition]] and subsequent renovation, and is slated for completion in 2026. A [[New York Harbor Storm-Surge Barrier]] is also under consideration, which would also demolish and rebuild this and other parks.


== History ==
== History ==
⚫
Conceived in the early 1930s by [[Robert Moses]], East River Park opened on July 27, 1939.<ref>{{cite news |title=East River Park Will Open Today |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0F13FD3954107A93C5AB178CD85F4D8385F9 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 27, 1939 |page=16 |access-date=October 15, 2009}}</ref> Prior to this time, the East River waterfront had been an active [[Shipyard|shipping yard]] and later became home to many of the city's poorest immigrants. The park became the largest open green space on the Lower East Side. Since that time, the park has been encroached upon by various developments such as the widening of the [[FDR Drive]] and the extension of [[South Street (Manhattan)|South Street]].<ref name="nycparks history"/> Still, the park provides a respite for residents of the Lower East Side, particularly in summer months when there are refreshing breezes from the river.


=== Early history ===
⚫
In 1998, through an agreement with the [[New York City Parks Department]], the [[Lower East Side Ecology Center]] became the steward of the park. For 20 years, this local environmental nonprofit has been the park's caretaker and had its offices and education center inside the Fire Boat House, located in the park near the [[Williamsburg Bridge]]. Each year the Ecology Center led thousands of volunteers in up-keeping the park, tending to [[garden bed]]s, and enhancing the park by planting hundreds of thousands of native plants and bulbs.<ref name="bury">{{Cite news |last=Hanania |first=Joseph |date=January 18, 2019 |title=To Save East River Park, the City Intends to Bury It |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/nyregion/to-save-east-river-park-the-city-intends-to-bury-it.html |access-date=May 29, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
⚫
Conceived in the early 1930s by [[Robert Moses]], East River Park opened on July 27, 1939.<ref>{{cite news |title=East River Park Will Open Today |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0F13FD3954107A93C5AB178CD85F4D8385F9 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 27, 1939 |page=16 |access-date=October 15, 2009}}</ref> Prior to this time, the East River waterfront had been an active [[Shipyard|shipping yard]] and later became home to many of the city's poorest immigrants.


The park became the largest open green space on the Lower East Side. Since that time, the park has been encroached upon by various developments such as the widening of the [[FDR Drive]] and the extension of [[South Street (Manhattan)|South Street]].<ref name="nycparks history"/> Still, the park provides a respite for residents of the area, particularly in summer months when there are refreshing breezes from the river.
⚫
After the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], the city rebuilt the [[amphitheater]], which had fallen into disrepair. A new soccer field was also built at this time. Companies throughout the U.S. donated materials for the reconstruction, and the project was finished in record time and dedicated to those children who lost parents in the attacks. In December 2001, East River Park was renamed after former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] [[John Lindsay]].<ref>{{cite press release|date=December 10, 2001 |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/html/2001b/pr389-01.html |title=Mayor Giuliani Signs Bill Renaming Manhattan's East River Park John V. Lindsay/East River Park |publisher=Mayor's Press Office |access-date=July 17, 2013}}</ref>


⚫
In 1998, through an agreement with the [[New York City Parks Department]], the [[Lower East Side Ecology Center]] became the steward of the park. For 20 years, this local environmental nonprofit has been the park's caretaker and had its offices and education center inside the Fire Boat House, located in the park near the [[Williamsburg Bridge]]. Each year the Ecology Center led thousands of volunteers in up-keeping the park, tending to [[garden bed]]s, and enhancing the park by planting hundreds of thousands of [[Native species|native plant]]s and bulbs.<ref name="bury">{{Cite news |last=Hanania |first=Joseph |date=January 18, 2019 |title=To Save East River Park, the City Intends to Bury It |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/nyregion/to-save-east-river-park-the-city-intends-to-bury-it.html |access-date=May 29, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
⚫
In 2008 the [[City Parks Foundation]] brought free music, dance, and theater arts programming to the amphitheater in an effort to further engage the surrounding communities in the revitalization of the park. The first performance held was a music concert by [[Fiery Furnaces]] which drew an audience of 1,500. [[KRS-One]] and [[Willie Colón]] also performed in 2008, drawing crowds upward of 3,000 people.


⚫
After the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], the city rebuilt the [[amphitheater]], which had fallen into disrepair. A new soccer field was also built at this time. Companies throughout the U.S. donated materials for the reconstruction, and the project was finished in record time and dedicated to those children who lost parents in the attacks. In December 2001, East River Park was renamed after former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] [[John Lindsay]].<ref>{{cite press release|date=December 10, 2001 |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/html/2001b/pr389-01.html |title=Mayor Giuliani Signs Bill Renaming Manhattan's East River Park John V. Lindsay/East River Park |publisher=Mayor's Press Office |access-date=July 17, 2013}}</ref>
=== Hurricane Sandy and renovation ===
⚫
[[Hurricane Sandy]] flooded the East River Park and the Lower East Side in 2012 prompting the city to consider [[flood mitigation]] plans that would alter the park.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sanders|first=Anna|date=October 2, 2019|title=East River Park to remain partially open during reconstruction as city changes storm plan again|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-east-river-park-open-reconstruction-coastal-resiliency-flood-plan-20191002-ouhjlqndovhslhxg5ffafsxhxe-story.html|access-date=May 29, 2020|website=nydailynews.com}}</ref> In June 2013, [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development]] (HUD) secretary [[Shaun Donovan]] launched Rebuild by Design, a competition which called for experts to develop solutions for neighborhoods disproportionately impacted by Hurricane Sandy.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Berg |first=Nate |date=2017-01-18 |title=How a design competition changed the US approach to disaster response |url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jan/18/rebuild-by-design-competition-disaster-respone-climate-change |access-date=2022-02-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ten of the 150 proposals were selected as finalists, and seven received a total of $930 million in federal grants.<ref name=":22" /> The largest grant, totaling $335 million, was given to the "Big U" proposal, a berm surrounding [[Lower Manhattan]].<ref name=":32"/> One of the largest segments of the Big U was known as the East Side Coastal Resiliency project, and would work to improve the resiliency of East River Park and the surrounding [[Lower East Side]] neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rebuild by Design |url=https://www.hud.gov/sandyrebuilding/rebuildbydesign |access-date=2022-02-17 |website= U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development |date=September 20, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The resulting plan, supported by local residents, elected officials, and advocacy groups, included an 8-foot [[berm]] along [[FDR Drive]] from East [[23rd Street (Manhattan)|23rd Street]] to Montgomery Street, which would decrease the severity of flooding in the surrounded area.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kimmelman |first=Michael |date=2021-12-02 |title=What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood? |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/02/us/hurricane-sandy-lower-manhattan-nyc.html |access-date=2022-02-17 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> From 2015 to 2018 city agencies continued the process of participatory design that the Big U's designers had commenced.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Araos |first=Malcolm |date=2021-11-09 |title=Democracy underwater: public participation, technical expertise, and climate infrastructure planning in New York City |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-021-09459-9 |journal=Theory and Society |pages=1–34 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s11186-021-09459-9 |issn=1573-7853 |pmc=8577394 |pmid=34776587}}</ref>


⚫
In 2008 the [[City Parks Foundation]] brought free music, dance, and theater arts programming to the amphitheater in an effort to further engage the surrounding communities in the revitalization of the park. The first performance held was a music concert by [[Fiery Furnaces]] which drew an audience of 1,500. [[KRS-One]] and [[Willie Colón]] also performed that year, drawing crowds upward of 3,000 people.
⚫
Starting in early 2018 the city underwent a months long internal "[[value engineering]] review", in which they met with designers and planners to determine the feasibility of the proposal. A [[FOIA request]] for documentation of this review process revealed several obstacles to the original plan, including concerns about flooding and the location of high-voltage [[Consolidated Edison|Con-Edison]] power lines.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Gessen |first=Keith |date=2021-05-11 |title=New York's First Climate Adaptation Battle Is Here |url=https://www.curbed.com/2021/05/east-river-park-nyc.html |access-date=2022-02-17 |website=Curbed |language=en-us}}</ref> In September 2018 the office of Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] announced that, based on the findings of the internal value engineering review, the proposed [[berm]] would be completely removed and the whole park would be raised.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2018 |title=Fact Sheet: De Blasio Administration Announces Faster, Updated Plan for East Side Coastal Resiliency |url=http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/493-18/fact-sheet-de-blasio-administration-faster-updated-plan-east-side-coastal |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=The official website of the City of New York}}</ref> It was claimed that the new plan would be faster and less disruptive, moving the bulk of the construction away from residents directly alongside FDR Drive, instead placing the improvements alongside the water. The new plan was referred to by its engineers as the "Value Alternative LI-29" plan.” The review determined that this plan would be not only be more effective but also cheaper and faster, a concern that addressed the 2022 deadline associated with HUD funding (now extended to 2023).<ref name=":32" />


=== Proposals for reconstruction ===
⚫
Following their announcement, the plan had to be approved by [[Manhattan Community Board 3|Community Boards 3]] and [[Manhattan Community Board 6|6]], and then the [[New York City Council]]. In July 2019, the new plan was presented to Community Board 3 by the [[New York City Department of Design and Construction|Department of Design and Construction (DDC)]], following several months of public consultation with residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ricciulli |first=Valeria |date=2019-07-12 |title=See how NYC wants to protect the Lower East Side from future floods |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/7/12/20691606/east-side-coastal-resiliency-design-east-river-park-hurricane-sandy |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Curbed NY |language=en}}</ref> The City Council typically [[Deference|defer]]s to incumbent councilmembers regarding land-use decisions in their districts;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Rebecca C. |date=September 16, 2020 |title=Industry City and the future of member deference |url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/politics/2020/09/industry-city-and-the-future-of-member-deference/175636/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=City & State NY |language=en}}</ref> in the East River Park decision, these were councilmembers [[Margaret Chin]] of District 1 and [[Carlina Rivera]] of District 2. Both councilmembers secured concessions from the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Sydney |date=2019-06-25 |title=Community Board 3 Approves East River Park Resiliency Plan |url=https://patch.com/new-york/east-village/community-board-3-vote-east-river-park-resiliency-plan |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=East Village, NY Patch |language=en}}</ref> Original plans called for closing the park entirely from 2020 to 2023,<ref name="bury" /> but after protests from residents, the plans were modified in late 2019 to a partial five-year closure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ricciulli |first=Valeria |date=October 2, 2019 |title=East River Park won't be completely closed during flood protection construction |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/10/2/20895225/climate-change-east-river-park-coastal-resiliency-de-blasio |access-date=May 29, 2020 |website=Curbed NY |language=en}}</ref> In December 2019, the City Council voted to approve the $1.45 billion East Side Coastal Resiliency project, which will involve a complete demolition of the park and subsequent renovation that will elevate it by {{Convert|8|to|10|ft|abbr=}}; the project is slated for completion in 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Vieth|first=Lydia|date=December 9, 2019|title=Stemming the Flood: East River Park Resign Approved|url=https://www.urbangreencouncil.org/content/news/stemming-flood-east-river-park-redesign-approved|url-status=live|website=[[Urban Green]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925230653/https://www.urbangreencouncil.org/content/news/stemming-flood-east-river-park-redesign-approved |archive-date=September 25, 2020 }}</ref>
⚫
[[Hurricane Sandy]] flooded the East River Park and the Lower East Side in 2012 prompting city officials to consider [[flood mitigation]] plans that would alter the park.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sanders|first=Anna|date=October 2, 2019|title=East River Park to remain partially open during reconstruction as city changes storm plan again|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-east-river-park-open-reconstruction-coastal-resiliency-flood-plan-20191002-ouhjlqndovhslhxg5ffafsxhxe-story.html|access-date=May 29, 2020|website=nydailynews.com}}</ref> In June 2013, [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)]] secretary [[Shaun Donovan]] launched Rebuild by Design, a competition which called for experts to develop solutions for neighborhoods disproportionately impacted by Hurricane Sandy.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Berg |first=Nate |date=2017-01-18 |title=How a design competition changed the US approach to disaster response |url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jan/18/rebuild-by-design-competition-disaster-respone-climate-change |access-date=2022-02-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ten of the 150 proposals were selected as finalists, and seven received a total of $930 million in federal grants.<ref name=":22" /> The largest grant, totaling $335 million, was given to the "Big U" proposal, a berm surrounding [[Lower Manhattan]].<ref name=":32"/> One of the largest segments of the Big U was known as the [[East Side Coastal Resiliency project]], and promised to improve the resiliency of the park and the surrounding [[Lower East Side]] neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rebuild by Design |url=https://www.hud.gov/sandyrebuilding/rebuildbydesign |access-date=2022-02-17 |website= U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development |date=September 20, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The resulting plan, supported by local residents, elected officials, and advocacy groups, included an 8-foot [[berm]] along [[FDR Drive]] from East [[23rd Street (Manhattan)|23rd Street]] to Montgomery Street, which would decrease the severity of flooding in the surrounded area.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kimmelman |first=Michael |date=2021-12-02 |title=What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood? |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/02/us/hurricane-sandy-lower-manhattan-nyc.html |access-date=2022-02-17 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> From 2015 to 2018 city agencies continued the process of [[participatory design]] that the Big U's designers had commenced.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Araos |first=Malcolm |date=2021-11-09 |title=Democracy underwater: public participation, technical expertise, and climate infrastructure planning in New York City |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-021-09459-9 |journal=Theory and Society |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=1–34 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s11186-021-09459-9 |issn=1573-7853 |pmc=8577394 |pmid=34776587}}</ref>

⚫
Starting in early 2018 the City underwent a months-long internal "[[value engineering]] review", in which they met with designers and planners to determine the feasibility of the proposal. A [[FOIA request]] for documentation of this review process revealed several obstacles to the original plan, including concerns about flooding and the location of high-voltage [[Consolidated Edison|Con-Edison]] power lines.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Gessen |first=Keith |date=2021-05-11 |title=New York's First Climate Adaptation Battle Is Here |url=https://www.curbed.com/2021/05/east-river-park-nyc.html |access-date=2022-02-17 |website=Curbed |language=en-us}}</ref> In September 2018 the office of Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] announced that, based on the findings of the internal value engineering review, the proposed [[berm]] would be completely removed and the whole park would be raised.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2018 |title=Fact Sheet: De Blasio Administration Announces Faster, Updated Plan for East Side Coastal Resiliency |url=http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/493-18/fact-sheet-de-blasio-administration-faster-updated-plan-east-side-coastal |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=The official website of the City of New York}}</ref> It was claimed that the new plan would be faster and less disruptive, moving the bulk of the construction away from residents directly alongside FDR Drive, instead placing the improvements alongside the water. The new plan was referred to by its engineers as the "Value Alternative LI-29" plan.” The review determined that this plan would be not only be more effective but also cheaper and faster, a concern that addressed the 2022 deadline associated with HUD funding (now extended to 2023).<ref name=":32" />

⚫
Following their announcement, the plan had to be approved by [[Manhattan Community Board 3|Community Boards 3]] and [[Manhattan Community Board 6|6]], and then the [[New York City Council]]. In July 2019, the new plan was presented to Community Board 3 by the [[New York City Department of Design and Construction|Department of Design and Construction (DDC)]], following several months of public consultation with residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ricciulli |first=Valeria |date=2019-07-12 |title=See how NYC wants to protect the Lower East Side from future floods |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/7/12/20691606/east-side-coastal-resiliency-design-east-river-park-hurricane-sandy |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Curbed NY |language=en}}</ref> The City Council typically [[Deference|defer]]s to incumbent councilmembers regarding [[Land use|land-use]] decisions in their districts;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Rebecca C. |date=September 16, 2020 |title=Industry City and the future of member deference |url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/politics/2020/09/industry-city-and-the-future-of-member-deference/175636/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=City & State NY |language=en}}</ref> in the East River Park decision, these were councilmembers [[Margaret Chin]] of District 1 and [[Carlina Rivera]] of District 2. Both secured concessions from the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Sydney |date=2019-06-25 |title=Community Board 3 Approves East River Park Resiliency Plan |url=https://patch.com/new-york/east-village/community-board-3-vote-east-river-park-resiliency-plan |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=East Village, NY Patch |language=en}}</ref> Original plans called for closing the park entirely from 2020 to 2023,<ref name="bury" /> but after protests from residents, the plans were modified in late 2019 to a partial five-year closure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ricciulli |first=Valeria |date=October 2, 2019 |title=East River Park won't be completely closed during flood protection construction |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/10/2/20895225/climate-change-east-river-park-coastal-resiliency-de-blasio |access-date=May 29, 2020 |website=Curbed NY |language=en}}</ref> In December 2019, the City Council voted to approve the $1.45 billion [[East Side Coastal Resiliency project]], which would involve a complete demolition of the park and subsequent renovation that will elevate it by {{Convert|8|to|10|ft|abbr=}}; the project is slated for completion in 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Vieth|first=Lydia|date=December 9, 2019|title=Stemming the Flood: East River Park Resign Approved|url=https://www.urbangreencouncil.org/content/news/stemming-flood-east-river-park-redesign-approved|url-status=live|website=[[Urban Green]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925230653/https://www.urbangreencouncil.org/content/news/stemming-flood-east-river-park-redesign-approved |archive-date=September 25, 2020 }}</ref>

=== Renovation ===
⚫
In early 2022, construction on the southern half of the park commenced, beginning with the demolition of athletic fields, the amphitheater, and a section of the [[East River Greenway|East River Esplanade]].<ref name="ESCR">{{Cite web |title=East Side Coastal Resiliency |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/escr/index.page |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=www1.nyc.gov}}</ref> Work is expected to last until 2026, during which time significant sections of the park will be closed.<ref name="ESCR" /> [[Asbestos]] was found in a [[Basement|sub-basement]] structure under the amphitheater in late August 2022, and has raised concerns from activists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldman |first=Ari Ephraim |date=August 26, 2022 |title=Asbestos found in pipes at East River Park sparks concerns |url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2022/08/26/asbestos-found-in-pipes-at-east-river-park-sparks-concerns |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=www.ny1.com |language=en}}</ref> The city announced that it had completed [[asbestos abatement]] in October 2022, nine months after the demolition of the amphitheater.<ref>{{Cite web |website=EV Grieve |title=Asbestos abatement to begin at the former East River Park amphitheater — 9 months after it was demolished |url=https://evgrieve.com/2022/08/asbestos-abatement-to-begin-at-former.html |date=August 22, 2022 |access-date=2022-08-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nyc.gov/site/escr/project-updates/environmental-monitoring.page|title=Environmental Monitoring Amphitheater Asbestos Abatement|website=nyc.gov|accessdate=8 December 2022}}</ref> In September 2024, the city government finished reconstructing two of the park's ballfields, and it opened a new footbridge at Delancey Street.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kumamoto |first=Ian |date=September 13, 2024 |title=Check out the new pedestrian bridge that just opened in East River Park |url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/check-out-the-new-pedestrian-bridge-that-just-opened-in-east-river-park-091324 |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=Time Out New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ginsburg |first=Aaron |date=September 11, 2024 |title=East River Park partially reopens with new ballfields and pedestrian bridge |url=https://www.6sqft.com/east-river-park-partially-reopens-with-new-ballfields-and-pedestrian-bridge/ |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=6sqft}}</ref>


==== Criticism ====
==== Criticism ====
Critics of the current renovation plan have voiced concerns over the cost, oversight, lack of resident involvement, destruction of plants (including more than 1,000 mature trees), and animal habitats.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Pereira|first=Sydney|date=January 24, 2019|title=Revamped East Side flood protection plan debated at packed City Council hearing|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/1/24/18195342/manhattan-east-side-coastal-resiliency-city-council-hearing|url-status=live|website=[[Curbed]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125115932/https://ny.curbed.com/2019/1/24/18195342/manhattan-east-side-coastal-resiliency-city-council-hearing |archive-date=January 25, 2019 }}</ref> One alternative presented by critics was a plan for storm barriers along the FDR. Community members argue that the park closure will primarily impact low-income [[New York City Housing Authority|NYCHA]] residents and that the renovation project will leave the Lower East Side especially vulnerable to [[storm surge]] during the renovation.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
Critics of the current renovation plan have voiced concerns over the cost, oversight, lack of resident involvement, destruction of plants (including more than 1,000 mature trees), and animal habitats.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Pereira|first=Sydney|date=January 24, 2019|title=Revamped East Side flood protection plan debated at packed City Council hearing|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/1/24/18195342/manhattan-east-side-coastal-resiliency-city-council-hearing|url-status=live|website=[[Curbed]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125115932/https://ny.curbed.com/2019/1/24/18195342/manhattan-east-side-coastal-resiliency-city-council-hearing |archive-date=January 25, 2019 }}</ref> One alternative presented by critics was a plan for storm barriers along the FDR. Community members also argue that the park closure will primarily impact low-income [[New York City Housing Authority|NYCHA]] residents and that, in reality, the renovation project will leave the Lower East Side especially vulnerable to [[storm surge]] during the renovation.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


Supporters of the current plan include [[Carlina Rivera|Councilwoman Rivera]], other Democratic politicians, and Good Old Lower East Side (GOLES).<ref>{{Cite web|title=East River Park Construction Resumes After City Claims Victory in Lawsuit|website=The Lo-Down|url=https://www.thelodownny.com/leslog/2021/12/east-river-park-construction-resumes-after-city-claims-victory-in-lawsuit.html|date=December 19, 2021|access-date=December 20, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>
Supporters of the current plan include [[Carlina Rivera|Councilwoman Rivera]], other Democratic politicians, and Good Old Lower East Side (GOLES).<ref>{{Cite web|title=East River Park Construction Resumes After City Claims Victory in Lawsuit|website=The Lo-Down|url=https://www.thelodownny.com/leslog/2021/12/east-river-park-construction-resumes-after-city-claims-victory-in-lawsuit.html|date=December 19, 2021|access-date=December 20, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>


In February 2020, a dozen groups and 75 individuals, including members of [[East River Park Action]], sued the city to stop the ESCR based on the grounds that the plan constitutes park alienation and requires approval from the state legislature.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shahrigian|first=Shant|date=February 10, 2020|title=Activists sue NYC to keep East River Park open vs. renovated for years|work=[[New York Daily News]]|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-east-side-coastal-resiliency-lawsuit-20200210-nfnk662hvvgj7b47nuk7ndzvai-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Anderson|first=Lincoln|date=February 5, 2020|title=A dozen groups, 75 individuals sue to stop East River Park resiliency plan|url=https://thevillagesun.com/a-dozen-groups-75-individuals-sue-to-stop-east-river-park-resiliency-plan|url-status=live|website=[[The Village Sun]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301163140/https://thevillagesun.com/a-dozen-groups-75-individuals-sue-to-stop-east-river-park-resiliency-plan |archive-date=March 1, 2020 }}</ref> [[New York Supreme Court|State Supreme Court]] Justice Melissa Crane ruled against opposition groups and in August 2020, the city was given approval to begin park demolition.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anderson|first=Lincoln|date=August 20, 2020|title=Judge rules East Side resiliency project can start|work=[[The Village Sun]]|url=https://thevillagesun.com/judge-rules-east-side-resiliency-project-can-start|url-status=live}}</ref> The demolition began in December 2021,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kimmelman|first=Michael|date=December 2, 2021|title=What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/02/us/hurricane-sandy-lower-manhattan-nyc.html|access-date=December 12, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> prompting protests and court orders against the work.<ref name="Chang 2021">{{cite web | last=Chang | first=Sophia | title=City Demolition Of East River Park Underway In Violation Of Court Order, Protesters Say | website=Gothamist | date=December 11, 2021 | url=https://gothamist.com/news/city-demolition-east-river-park-underway-violation-court-order-protesters-say | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Feldman 2021">{{cite web | last=Feldman | first=Ari Ephraim | title=City resumes East River Park work despite judge's order | website=Spectrum News NY1 &#124; New York City | date=December 10, 2021 | url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2021/12/10/city-resumes-east-river-park-work-despite-judge-s-order | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref> State assemblymember for the district [[Yuh-Line Niou]] and incoming city councilman for the Lower East Side and the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]] [[Christopher Marte]] expressed support for the protesters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastriverparkaction.org/videos/|title=Videos: December 11, 2021|publisher=East River Park Action via YouTube |date=11 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Moses 2021">{{cite web | last=Moses | first=Dean | title=East River Park activists cuffed for blocking flood protection construction, again | website=amNewYork | date=December 6, 2021 | url=https://www.amny.com/news/east-river-park-activists-cuffed-for-blocking-construction-again/ | access-date=December 21, 2021}}</ref>
In February 2020, a dozen groups and 75 individuals, including members of East River Park Action, sued the city to stop the ESCR based on the grounds that the plan would sever the park from the surrounding community and requires approval from the state legislature.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shahrigian|first=Shant|date=February 10, 2020|title=Activists sue NYC to keep East River Park open vs. renovated for years|work=[[New York Daily News]]|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-east-side-coastal-resiliency-lawsuit-20200210-nfnk662hvvgj7b47nuk7ndzvai-story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Anderson|first=Lincoln|date=February 5, 2020|title=A dozen groups, 75 individuals sue to stop East River Park resiliency plan|url=https://thevillagesun.com/a-dozen-groups-75-individuals-sue-to-stop-east-river-park-resiliency-plan|url-status=live|website=[[The Village Sun]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301163140/https://thevillagesun.com/a-dozen-groups-75-individuals-sue-to-stop-east-river-park-resiliency-plan |archive-date=March 1, 2020 }}</ref> [[New York Supreme Court|State Supreme Court]] Justice Melissa Crane ruled against opposition groups and in August 2020, the city was given approval to begin park demolition.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anderson|first=Lincoln|date=August 20, 2020|title=Judge rules East Side resiliency project can start|work=[[The Village Sun]]|url=https://thevillagesun.com/judge-rules-east-side-resiliency-project-can-start}}</ref>


The demolition began in December 2021,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kimmelman|first=Michael|date=December 2, 2021|title=What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/02/us/hurricane-sandy-lower-manhattan-nyc.html|access-date=December 12, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> prompting protests and court orders against the work.<ref name="Chang 2021">{{cite web | last=Chang | first=Sophia | title=City Demolition Of East River Park Underway In Violation Of Court Order, Protesters Say | website=Gothamist | date=December 11, 2021 | url=https://gothamist.com/news/city-demolition-east-river-park-underway-violation-court-order-protesters-say | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Feldman 2021">{{cite web | last=Feldman | first=Ari Ephraim | title=City resumes East River Park work despite judge's order | website=Spectrum News NY1 &#124; New York City | date=December 10, 2021 | url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2021/12/10/city-resumes-east-river-park-work-despite-judge-s-order | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref> State Assemblymember [[Yuh-Line Niou]] and incoming city councilman [[Christopher Marte]] expressed support for the protesters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastriverparkaction.org/videos/|title=Videos: December 11, 2021|publisher=East River Park Action via YouTube |date=11 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Moses 2021">{{cite web | last=Moses | first=Dean | title=East River Park activists cuffed for blocking flood protection construction, again | website=amNewYork | date=December 6, 2021 | url=https://www.amny.com/news/east-river-park-activists-cuffed-for-blocking-construction-again/ | access-date=December 21, 2021}}</ref>
==== Construction ====
In early 2022, construction on the southern half of the park commenced, beginning with the demolition of athletic fields, the amphitheater, and a section of the [[East River Greenway|East River Esplinade]].<ref name="ESCR">{{Cite web |title=East Side Coastal Resiliency |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/escr/index.page |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=www1.nyc.gov}}</ref> Work is expected to last until 2026, during which time significant sections of the park will be closed.<ref name="ESCR"/>


⚫
[[Asbestos]] was found in a [[Basement|sub-basement]] structure under the amphitheater in late August 2022, and has raised concerns from activists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldman |first=Ari Ephraim |date=August 26, 2022 |title=Asbestos found in pipes at East River Park sparks concerns |url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2022/08/26/asbestos-found-in-pipes-at-east-river-park-sparks-concerns |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=www.ny1.com |language=en}}</ref> The city announced that it had completed [[asbestos abatement]] in October 2022, nine months after the demolition of the amphitheater.<ref>{{Cite web |website=EV Grieve |title=Asbestos abatement to begin at the former East River Park amphitheater — 9 months after it was demolished |url=https://evgrieve.com/2022/08/asbestos-abatement-to-begin-at-former.html |date=August 22, 2022 |access-date=2022-08-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nyc.gov/site/escr/project-updates/environmental-monitoring.page|title=Environmental Monitoring Amphitheater Asbestos Abatement|website=nyc.gov|accessdate=8 December 2022}}</ref>
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Line 48: Line 53:
File:East River Park playing fields.jpg|The park has numerous athletic facilities, for [[baseball]], [[American football|football]], [[soccer]], [[basketball]], [[tennis]], and [[track and field|running]] (all to be demolished except landmarked building)
File:East River Park playing fields.jpg|The park has numerous athletic facilities, for [[baseball]], [[American football|football]], [[soccer]], [[basketball]], [[tennis]], and [[track and field|running]] (all to be demolished except landmarked building)
File:East River Park in Fall 2008 number 1.jpg|The amphitheater (now demolished) in fall 2008
File:East River Park in Fall 2008 number 1.jpg|The amphitheater (now demolished) in fall 2008
File:East River Park walkway.jpg|The walkway in the park, with decades old trees (all to be demolished) which runs along the [[FDR Drive]]
File:East River Park promenade 2.jpg|The promenade along the East River opened in 2010; the [[Williamsburg Bridge]] is in the background
File:20170721 Gotham Shield NYC Aerials-204 medium.jpg|Aerial view of East River Park in 2017
File:20170721 Gotham Shield NYC Aerials-204 medium.jpg|Aerial view of East River Park in 2017
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of contemporary amphitheatres]]
*[[List of New York City parks]]
*[[List of New York City parks]]
*[[East River Esplanade]]
*[[East River Esplanade]]
Line 62: Line 66:
==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/park_info_pages/park_info.php?propID=M144 NYC Department of Parks & Recreation info for the park]
*[http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/park_info_pages/park_info.php?propID=M144 NYC Department of Parks & Recreation info for the park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828122631/http://nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/park_info_pages/park_info.php?propID=M144 |date=August 28, 2005 }}
*[https://eastriverparkaction.org/ East River Park Action's website]
*[https://eastriverparkaction.org/ East River Park Action's website]
*[http://forgotten-ny.com/2018/03/east-river-park-2/ ''Forgotten-NY'' profile of East River Park]
*[http://forgotten-ny.com/2018/03/east-river-park-2/ ''Forgotten-NY'' profile of East River Park]

Latest revision as of 14:59, 13 October 2024

For other uses, see East River Park (disambiguation).

East River Park
Map
LocationManhattan, New York
Coordinates40°43′03″N 73°58′27″W / 40.71750°N 73.97417°W / 40.71750; -73.97417
Etymologynamed after John V. Lindsay
StatusPartially Open / Under Construction
The walkway in the park, with decades old trees (all to be demolished) which runs along the FDR Drive

East River Park, also called John V. Lindsay East River Park, is 57.5-acre (20 ha) public park located on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, administered by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Bisected by the Williamsburg Bridge, it stretches along the East River from Montgomery Street up to 12th Street on the east side of the FDR Drive. Its now-demolished amphitheater, built in 1941 just south of Grand Street, had been reconstructed and was often used for public performances.[1][2] The park includes football, baseball, and soccer fields; tennis, basketball, and handball courts; a running track; and bike paths, including the East River Greenway, all of which are to be demolished. Fishing is another popular activity, for now.

The park and the surrounding neighborhood were flooded during Hurricane Sandy in 2012 prompting the city officials to consider flood mitigation plans that would alter it. In December 2019, the New York City Council voted to approve the controversial $1.45 billion East Side Coastal Resiliency project, involving the park's complete demolition and subsequent renovation, and is slated for completion in 2026. A New York Harbor Storm-Surge Barrier is also under consideration, which would also demolish and rebuild this and other parks.

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]

Conceived in the early 1930s by Robert Moses, East River Park opened on July 27, 1939.[3] Prior to this time, the East River waterfront had been an active shipping yard and later became home to many of the city's poorest immigrants.

The park became the largest open green space on the Lower East Side. Since that time, the park has been encroached upon by various developments such as the widening of the FDR Drive and the extension of South Street.[1] Still, the park provides a respite for residents of the area, particularly in summer months when there are refreshing breezes from the river.

In 1998, through an agreement with the New York City Parks Department, the Lower East Side Ecology Center became the steward of the park. For 20 years, this local environmental nonprofit has been the park's caretaker and had its offices and education center inside the Fire Boat House, located in the park near the Williamsburg Bridge. Each year the Ecology Center led thousands of volunteers in up-keeping the park, tending to garden beds, and enhancing the park by planting hundreds of thousands of native plants and bulbs.[4]

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the city rebuilt the amphitheater, which had fallen into disrepair. A new soccer field was also built at this time. Companies throughout the U.S. donated materials for the reconstruction, and the project was finished in record time and dedicated to those children who lost parents in the attacks. In December 2001, East River Park was renamed after former New York City Mayor John Lindsay.[5]

In 2008 the City Parks Foundation brought free music, dance, and theater arts programming to the amphitheater in an effort to further engage the surrounding communities in the revitalization of the park. The first performance held was a music concert by Fiery Furnaces which drew an audience of 1,500. KRS-One and Willie Colón also performed that year, drawing crowds upward of 3,000 people.

Proposals for reconstruction

[edit]

Hurricane Sandy flooded the East River Park and the Lower East Side in 2012 prompting city officials to consider flood mitigation plans that would alter the park.[6] In June 2013, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) secretary Shaun Donovan launched Rebuild by Design, a competition which called for experts to develop solutions for neighborhoods disproportionately impacted by Hurricane Sandy.[7] Ten of the 150 proposals were selected as finalists, and seven received a total of $930 million in federal grants.[7] The largest grant, totaling $335 million, was given to the "Big U" proposal, a berm surrounding Lower Manhattan.[8] One of the largest segments of the Big U was known as the East Side Coastal Resiliency project, and promised to improve the resiliency of the park and the surrounding Lower East Side neighborhood.[9] The resulting plan, supported by local residents, elected officials, and advocacy groups, included an 8-foot berm along FDR Drive from East 23rd Street to Montgomery Street, which would decrease the severity of flooding in the surrounded area.[10] From 2015 to 2018 city agencies continued the process of participatory design that the Big U's designers had commenced.[11]

Starting in early 2018 the City underwent a months-long internal "value engineering review", in which they met with designers and planners to determine the feasibility of the proposal. A FOIA request for documentation of this review process revealed several obstacles to the original plan, including concerns about flooding and the location of high-voltage Con-Edison power lines.[8] In September 2018 the office of Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that, based on the findings of the internal value engineering review, the proposed berm would be completely removed and the whole park would be raised.[12] It was claimed that the new plan would be faster and less disruptive, moving the bulk of the construction away from residents directly alongside FDR Drive, instead placing the improvements alongside the water. The new plan was referred to by its engineers as the "Value Alternative LI-29" plan.” The review determined that this plan would be not only be more effective but also cheaper and faster, a concern that addressed the 2022 deadline associated with HUD funding (now extended to 2023).[8]

Following their announcement, the plan had to be approved by Community Boards 3 and 6, and then the New York City Council. In July 2019, the new plan was presented to Community Board 3 by the Department of Design and Construction (DDC), following several months of public consultation with residents.[13] The City Council typically defers to incumbent councilmembers regarding land-use decisions in their districts;[14] in the East River Park decision, these were councilmembers Margaret Chin of District 1 and Carlina Rivera of District 2. Both secured concessions from the city.[15] Original plans called for closing the park entirely from 2020 to 2023,[4] but after protests from residents, the plans were modified in late 2019 to a partial five-year closure.[16] In December 2019, the City Council voted to approve the $1.45 billion East Side Coastal Resiliency project, which would involve a complete demolition of the park and subsequent renovation that will elevate it by 8 to 10 feet (2.4 to 3.0 m); the project is slated for completion in 2025.[17]

Renovation

[edit]

In early 2022, construction on the southern half of the park commenced, beginning with the demolition of athletic fields, the amphitheater, and a section of the East River Esplanade.[18] Work is expected to last until 2026, during which time significant sections of the park will be closed.[18] Asbestos was found in a sub-basement structure under the amphitheater in late August 2022, and has raised concerns from activists.[19] The city announced that it had completed asbestos abatement in October 2022, nine months after the demolition of the amphitheater.[20][21] In September 2024, the city government finished reconstructing two of the park's ballfields, and it opened a new footbridge at Delancey Street.[22][23]

Criticism

[edit]

Critics of the current renovation plan have voiced concerns over the cost, oversight, lack of resident involvement, destruction of plants (including more than 1,000 mature trees), and animal habitats.[17][24] One alternative presented by critics was a plan for storm barriers along the FDR. Community members also argue that the park closure will primarily impact low-income NYCHA residents and that, in reality, the renovation project will leave the Lower East Side especially vulnerable to storm surge during the renovation.[17][24]

Supporters of the current plan include Councilwoman Rivera, other Democratic politicians, and Good Old Lower East Side (GOLES).[25]

In February 2020, a dozen groups and 75 individuals, including members of East River Park Action, sued the city to stop the ESCR based on the grounds that the plan would sever the park from the surrounding community and requires approval from the state legislature.[26][27] State Supreme Court Justice Melissa Crane ruled against opposition groups and in August 2020, the city was given approval to begin park demolition.[28]

The demolition began in December 2021,[29] prompting protests and court orders against the work.[30][31] State Assemblymember Yuh-Line Niou and incoming city councilman Christopher Marte expressed support for the protesters.[32][33]


  • The park has numerous athletic facilities, for baseball, football, soccer, basketball, tennis, and running (all to be demolished except landmarked building)
    The park has numerous athletic facilities, for baseball, football, soccer, basketball, tennis, and running (all to be demolished except landmarked building)
  • The amphitheater (now demolished) in fall 2008
    The amphitheater (now demolished) in fall 2008
  • The promenade along the East River opened in 2010; the Williamsburg Bridge is in the background
    The promenade along the East River opened in 2010; the Williamsburg Bridge is in the background
  • Aerial view of East River Park in 2017
    Aerial view of East River Park in 2017

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "East River Park - Historical Sign". New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
  2. ^ Perler, Elie (January 3, 2022). "East River Amphitheater in Ruins After 80-Year Run". Bowery Boogie. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022.
  3. ^ "East River Park Will Open Today". The New York Times. July 27, 1939. p. 16. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  4. ^ a b Hanania, Joseph (January 18, 2019). "To Save East River Park, the City Intends to Bury It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  5. ^ "Mayor Giuliani Signs Bill Renaming Manhattan's East River Park John V. Lindsay/East River Park" (Press release). Mayor's Press Office. December 10, 2001. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  6. ^ Sanders, Anna (October 2, 2019). "East River Park to remain partially open during reconstruction as city changes storm plan again". nydailynews.com. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  7. ^ a b Berg, Nate (January 18, 2017). "How a design competition changed the US approach to disaster response". the Guardian. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Gessen, Keith (May 11, 2021). "New York's First Climate Adaptation Battle Is Here". Curbed. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  9. ^ "Rebuild by Design". U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. September 20, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  10. ^ Kimmelman, Michael (December 2, 2021). "What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  11. ^ Araos, Malcolm (November 9, 2021). "Democracy underwater: public participation, technical expertise, and climate infrastructure planning in New York City". Theory and Society. 52 (1): 1–34. doi:10.1007/s11186-021-09459-9. ISSN 1573-7853. PMC 8577394. PMID 34776587.
  12. ^ "Fact Sheet: De Blasio Administration Announces Faster, Updated Plan for East Side Coastal Resiliency". The official website of the City of New York. September 28, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  13. ^ Ricciulli, Valeria (July 12, 2019). "See how NYC wants to protect the Lower East Side from future floods". Curbed NY. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  14. ^ Lewis, Rebecca C. (September 16, 2020). "Industry City and the future of member deference". City & State NY. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  15. ^ Pereira, Sydney (June 25, 2019). "Community Board 3 Approves East River Park Resiliency Plan". East Village, NY Patch. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  16. ^ Ricciulli, Valeria (October 2, 2019). "East River Park won't be completely closed during flood protection construction". Curbed NY. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  17. ^ a b c Vieth, Lydia (December 9, 2019). "Stemming the Flood: East River Park Resign Approved". Urban Green. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020.
  18. ^ a b "East Side Coastal Resiliency". www1.nyc.gov. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  19. ^ Feldman, Ari Ephraim (August 26, 2022). "Asbestos found in pipes at East River Park sparks concerns". www.ny1.com. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  20. ^ "Asbestos abatement to begin at the former East River Park amphitheater — 9 months after it was demolished". EV Grieve. August 22, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
  21. ^ "Environmental Monitoring Amphitheater Asbestos Abatement". nyc.gov. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  22. ^ Kumamoto, Ian (September 13, 2024). "Check out the new pedestrian bridge that just opened in East River Park". Time Out New York. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  23. ^ Ginsburg, Aaron (September 11, 2024). "East River Park partially reopens with new ballfields and pedestrian bridge". 6sqft. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  24. ^ a b Pereira, Sydney (January 24, 2019). "Revamped East Side flood protection plan debated at packed City Council hearing". Curbed. Archived from the original on January 25, 2019.
  25. ^ "East River Park Construction Resumes After City Claims Victory in Lawsuit". The Lo-Down. December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  26. ^ Shahrigian, Shant (February 10, 2020). "Activists sue NYC to keep East River Park open vs. renovated for years". New York Daily News.
  27. ^ Anderson, Lincoln (February 5, 2020). "A dozen groups, 75 individuals sue to stop East River Park resiliency plan". The Village Sun. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020.
  28. ^ Anderson, Lincoln (August 20, 2020). "Judge rules East Side resiliency project can start". The Village Sun.
  29. ^ Kimmelman, Michael (December 2, 2021). "What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  30. ^ Chang, Sophia (December 11, 2021). "City Demolition Of East River Park Underway In Violation Of Court Order, Protesters Say". Gothamist. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  31. ^ Feldman, Ari Ephraim (December 10, 2021). "City resumes East River Park work despite judge's order". Spectrum News NY1 | New York City. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  32. ^ "Videos: December 11, 2021". East River Park Action via YouTube. December 11, 2021.
  33. ^ Moses, Dean (December 6, 2021). "East River Park activists cuffed for blocking flood protection construction, again". amNewYork. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
[edit]
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