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Many/most accents of English have a GOOSE vowel considerably more front than [u], except when followed by /l/. "Story" works as an example of [o] for most dialects of English.
 
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{{Information page|H:IPAOC}}
{{IPA key|H:IPA-OC|H:IPAOC}}


The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Occitan language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-oc}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Occitan language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.


Unless otherwise noted, examples are in [[Languedocien dialect|Languedocien]]. See [[Occitan phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Occitan.
Unless otherwise noted, examples are in [[Languedocien dialect|Languedocien]]. See [[Occitan phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Occitan.
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| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|dz}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|dz}}</big>
|do'''tz'''en, (''[[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]'', ''[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]'') messa'''tg'''e, '''g'''enolh, '''j'''ovença
|do'''tz'''en, (''[[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]'', ''[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]'') messa'''tg'''e, '''g'''enolh, '''j'''ovença
|la'''ds'''
|''between'' bu'''ds''' ''and'' bu'''dg'''e
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big>
|messa'''tg'''e, '''g'''enolh, '''j'''ovença
|messa'''tg'''e, '''g'''enolh, '''j'''ovença
|ma'''g'''ic
|bu'''dg'''e
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ð}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ð}}</big>
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| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɾ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɾ}}</big>
|córre'''r''', malaü'''r'''ós
|córre'''r''', malaü'''r'''ós
|la'''dd'''er (''[[American English|AmE]]'')
|a'''t'''om (''[[American English|AmE]]'')
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|'''s'''olelh, ami'''s'''tó'''s''', '''s'''ervi'''c'''i, esbo'''ç'''ar
|'''s'''olelh, ami'''s'''tó'''s''', '''s'''ervi'''c'''i, esbo'''ç'''ar, e'''x'''trèm
|''between'' '''s'''ip ''and'' '''sh'''ip
⚫
|'''s'''oldier
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}</big>
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|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big>
|trobairi'''tz''', a'''cc'''ion, (''[[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]'', ''[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]'') '''ch'''èc
|trobairi'''tz''', a'''cc'''ion, Me'''x'''ic, (''[[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]'', ''[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]'') '''ch'''èc
|boo'''ts'''
|''between'' ca'''ts''' ''and'' ca'''tch'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big>
|nue'''ch'''òla, '''ch'''èc, fre'''g'''
|nue'''ch'''òla, '''ch'''èc, fre'''g'''
|'''ch'''ocolate
|ca'''tch'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
|utili'''z'''ar, e'''s'''boçar
|mu'''s'''ica, utili'''z'''ar, e'''s'''boçar
|''between'' '''z'''one ''and'' '''g'''enre
|'''z'''ebra
|-
|-
!colspan=3|Local consonants
!colspan=3|Local consonants
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
|(''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'') '''h'''emna
|(''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'') '''h'''emna/'''f'''emna
|'''h'''igh
|'''h'''igh
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
|(''[[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]'') servi'''c'''i, (''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'') Fo'''ish'''
|(''[[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]'') servi'''c'''i, (''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'') Foi'''s'''
|'''sh'''oe
|'''sh'''ip
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
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| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
|(''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'') '''j'''oenessa, (''[[Provençal dialect|Provençal]]'') a'''g'''e
|(''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'') '''j'''oenessa, (''[[Provençal dialect|Provençal]]'') a'''g'''e
|mea'''s'''ure
|'''g'''enre
|-
|-
|}
|}
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| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
|qu'''a'''tre, '''à'''nec, c'''a'''m'''a'''ièu
|qu'''a'''tre, '''à'''nec, c'''a'''m'''a'''ièu
|''between'' f'''a'''t and f'''a'''ther{{efn|Closer to ''f'''a'''t'' in most British and Irish dialects; closer to ''f'''a'''ther'' in most North American, Australian and New Zealand dialects}}
|l'''u'''ck
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
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| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
|T'''o'''l'''o'''sa, s'''o'''i, val'''o'''r'''ó'''s
|T'''o'''l'''o'''sa, s'''o'''i, val'''o'''r'''ó'''s
|s'''ou'''p
|c'''oo'''l
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|y}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|y}}</big>
|l'''u'''na, f'''u'''t'''u'''r, bona'''ü'''r
|l'''u'''na, f'''u'''t'''u'''r, bona'''ü'''r, (''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'') c'''uo'''l
|''roughly like'' r'''oo'''t ''(some dialects)''<ref name="y">These dialects include modern [[Received Pronunciation]] and most forms of [[English English]] (with some exceptions such as [[Yorkshire English|Yorkshire]]), [[Australian English|Australian]], [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]], [[White South African English|White South African]], [[Scottish English|Scottish]], [[Ulster English|Ulster]], [[Southern American English|Southern American]], [[Midland American English|Midland American]], [[Philadelphia English|Philadelphia]], [[Baltimore English|Baltimore]], [[Western Pennsylvania English|Western Pennsylvania]] and [[California English|California]] English. Other dialects of English, such as [[Northern American English|Northern American]], [[New York City English|New York City]], [[New England English|New England]], [[African American Vernacular English|African American Vernacular]], [[Welsh English|Welsh]] and [[Hiberno-English|Republic of Ireland]] English, have no close equiavalent vowel.</ref>; ''[[French language|French]] ''r'''ue''''', [[German language|German]] ''Bl'''ü'''te
|''[[French language|French]] ''r'''ue''''', [[German language|German]] ''Bl'''ü'''te
|-
|-
!colspan=3|Local vowels
!colspan=3|Local vowels
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| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
|(''[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]'') c'''ò'''sta
|(''[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]'') c'''ò'''sta
⚫
|st'''o'''ry
|sp'''o'''rt (''[[Received Pronunciation|RP]]'')
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|œ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|œ}}</big>
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|bl'''u'''r
|bl'''u'''r
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>[[diphthong|{{IPA|wɔ}}]]</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>[[diphthong|{{IPA|wɔ|cat=no}}]]</big>
|(''[[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]'') p'''ò'''rta, (''[[Provençal dialect|Provençal]]'') b'''ò'''na
|(''[[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]'') p'''ò'''rta, (''[[Provençal dialect|Provençal]]'') b'''ò'''na
|'''wa'''r
|'''wa'''r
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|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|jò'''i'''a, f'''i'''è'''i'''ra, embest'''i'''ar, l'''u'''òc
|jò'''i'''a, f'''i'''è'''i'''ra, embest'''i'''ar, l'''u'''òc, (''[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]'') fami'''lh'''a
|'''y'''es
|'''y'''es
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
|cla'''u''', plò'''u'''re, '''o'''èst, q'''ü'''adragenari, (''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'') cu'''u'''
|cla'''u''', plò'''u'''re, '''o'''èst, q'''ü'''adragenari, (''[[Gascon dialect|Gascon]]'', ''[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]'', ''[[Provençal dialect|Provençal]]'') ma'''l'''
|s'''w'''allow
|s'''w'''allow
|-
|-
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|}
|}
|}
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}


==References==
==References==
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*{{cite web|url=http://monoccitania.50webs.com/prononciacion.html#correspondencias|title=CORRESPONDÉNCIAS FONETICAS|trans-title=Phonetic correspondences|work=MonOccitània|language=oc}}
*{{cite web|url=http://monoccitania.50webs.com/prononciacion.html#correspondencias|title=CORRESPONDÉNCIAS FONETICAS|trans-title=Phonetic correspondences|work=MonOccitània|language=oc}}


==See also==
⚫
{{IPA keys horizontal}}
*{{clc|Pages with Occitan IPA|pages}}


⚫
{{IPA keys}}
[[Category:International Phonetic Alphabet help|Occitan]]

Latest revision as of 12:10, 31 October 2024

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Occitan language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Unless otherwise noted, examples are in Languedocien. See Occitan phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Occitan.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b blau, vent, (Auvergnat, Limousin, Provençal) libertat blunt
β gravilh, libertat between baby and bevy
d domeni, mandra, (Auvergnat, Limousin, Provençal) unida doom
dz dotzen, (Auvergnat, Limousin) messatge, genolh, jovença between buds and budge
dʒ messatge, genolh, jovença budge
ð unida that
f fàcia frank
ɡ gròs, bilingüe, (Auvergnat, Limousin, Provençal) agradar, liguèron gallon
ɣ agradar, liguèron between gold and ahold
k caissa, quant, long scanner
l lièch, espatla, filh long
ʎ familha bullion
m mascle, ambedós moment
n natura, colomb, banh need
ŋ sang, banquièr lung
ɲ montanha canyon
p pichon lisp
r córrer, rascanhós trilled r
ɾ córrer, malaürós atom (AmE)
s solelh, amistós, servici, esboçar, extrèm between sip and ship
t temps, sard still
ts trobairitz, accion, Mexic, (Auvergnat, Limousin) chèc between cats and catch
tʃ nuechòla, chèc, freg catch
z musica, utilizar, esboçar between zone and genre
Local consonants
h (Gascon) hemna/femna high
ʀ (Provençal) Arle French Arles
ʃ (Auvergnat) servici, (Gascon) Fois ship
v (Auvergnat, Limousin, Provençal) vent valid
ʒ (Gascon) joenessa, (Provençal) age genre
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
a quatre, ànec, camaièu between fat and father[a]
e fetge, embestiar, (Auvergnat, Limousin) mètge say
ɛ mètge, benlèu sect
i vitz, Loís cease
ɔ escòla, doás, (Auvergnat, Limousin) camaièu off
u Tolosa, soi, valorós cool
y luna, futur, bonaür, (Gascon) cuol roughly like root (some dialects)[1]; French rue, German Blüte
Local vowels
ə (Auvergnat) fetge, embestiar alike
o (Limousin) còsta story
œ (Auvergnat, Limousin, Provençal) fuèlha blur
wɔ (Auvergnat) pòrta, (Provençal) bòna war
 
Semivowels
IPA Examples English approximation
j jòia, fièira, embestiar, luòc, (Limousin) familha yes
w clau, plòure, oèst, qüadragenari, (Gascon, Limousin, Provençal) mal swallow
ɥ uèlh, ambigüitat, (Auvergnat) ajuidar between yet and wet; French nuit
 
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ plaça [ˈplasɔ] primary stress
ˌ vertadièrament [beɾtaˌðjɛɾɔˈmen] secondary stress
. via [ˈbi.ɔ] syllable break
ː (Limousin) chastanhas [tsaːˈtaɲaː] long vowel or geminated consonant

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Closer to fat in most British and Irish dialects; closer to father in most North American, Australian and New Zealand dialects

References

[edit]
  • Balaguer, Claudi; Pojada, Patrici. Diccionari Català – Occità / Occitan – Catalan (in Catalan and Occitan).
  • Lavalade, Yves. Dictionnaire Occitan – Français (in French and Occitan).
  • Fettuciari, Jòrgi; Martin, Guiu; Pietri, Jaume. Diccionari Provençau – Francés (in Occitan and French).
  • Omelhièr, Cristian. Petiòt diccionari Occitan d'Auvèrnhe – Francés (in Occitan and French).
  • "CORRESPONDÉNCIAS FONETICAS" [Phonetic correspondences]. MonOccitània (in Occitan).

See also

[edit]
  1. ^ These dialects include modern Received Pronunciation and most forms of English English (with some exceptions such as Yorkshire), Australian, New Zealand, White South African, Scottish, Ulster, Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and California English. Other dialects of English, such as Northern American, New York City, New England, African American Vernacular, Welsh and Republic of Ireland English, have no close equiavalent vowel.
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