Göllü Dağ: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Göllüdağın krater gölü.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Göllüdağ Crater Lake, Niğde]] |
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'''Göllüdağ''' (also Göllü Dağ, Golludag) is a volcanic mountain located in central [[Turkey]]. This area has a long history of human occupation going back to the [[Lower Paleolithic]] period. Especially the obsidian found here was valuable. |
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== Geology == |
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== Earliest obsidian == |
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It was determined that the [[obsidian]] found in abundance in Göllü Dağ was used by the prehistoric peoples as early as the Lower Paleolithic period, 800,000 years ago.<ref>(2021) [https://arkeonews.net/the-unknown-importance-of-gollu-dag-on-the-route-of-the-first-humans-transition-from-africa-to-europe/ The unknown importance of Göllü Dağ on the route of the first humans’ Transition from Africa to Europe.] - arkeonews.net</ref> |
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Golludag obsidian was mined, processed and traded to distant areas as far as Cyprus, and Syria. A 40,000-year-old obsidian tool was found in Syria that was made from Golludag obsidian.<ref>(2021) [https://arkeonews.net/the-unknown-importance-of-gollu-dag-on-the-route-of-the-first-humans-transition-from-africa-to-europe/ The unknown importance of Göllü Dağ on the route of the first humans’ Transition from Africa to Europe.] - arkeonews.net</ref> The areas where obsidian was processed locally may be the earliest such workshops in the world. |
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== Neo-Hittite settlement == |
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[[File:NigdeMuseumGöllüdag.jpg|thumb|A Neo-Hittite Lion statue from Göllüdağ - [[Niğde Archaeological Museum]]]] |
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High upon the mountain, a large settlement was found dating back to the 8th century BC, the period of [[Syro-Hittite states|Neo-Hittite civilization]]. The city here was surrounded by a stone wall; the important structures were also protected by a second wall.<ref>[https://www.hittitemonuments.com/golludag/ Göllüdağ] - hittitemonuments.com</ref> |
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The largest building at the site, occupying the highest location, measures about 112 by 228 meters. |
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The lion statues found among the building remains are quite remarkable. Two large double portal lions, two portal lions, and two sphinxes have been discovered. They are now exhibited in the Nigde Museums. |
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The excavations here started in 1934 by Remzi Oğuz Arık. Wulf Schirmer excavated here between 1992 and 1998. |
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In 1996, it was determined that the early humans passed through this area during their transition from Africa to Europe.<ref>(2021) [https://arkeonews.net/the-unknown-importance-of-gollu-dag-on-the-route-of-the-first-humans-transition-from-africa-to-europe/ The unknown importance of Göllü Dağ on the route of the first humans’ Transition from Africa to Europe.] - arkeonews.net</ref> |
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In 2000, a bone fragment thought to belong to an ancestor of horses was found as the result of the erosion of the mountain slope. |
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During the early Iron Age period, Göllüdağ belonged to the [[Tabal (state)|Tabal state]], which was also a part of the larger [[Tabal (region)]]. |
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Several structural similarities indicate that Göllüdağ was also associated with the settlement on Mount [[Kerkenes]], which is located about 170km north.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-showing-the-location-of-Kerkenes-Source-Kerkenes-Archive_fig1_305043968 Map showing the location of Golludag in the context of ancient Anatolia.] in Geoffrey Summers 2013, "The Kale at Kerkenes Dağ: An Iron Age Capital in Central Anatolia."</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Mountains of Turkey}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gollu Dag}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gollu Dag}} |
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[[Category:Mountains of Turkey]] |
[[Category:Mountains of Turkey]] |
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[[Category:Volcanoes of Turkey]] |
[[Category:Volcanoes of Turkey]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Pleistocene lava domes]] |
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[[Category:Landforms of Niğde Province]] |
[[Category:Landforms of Niğde Province]] |
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{{Niğde-geo-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 18:22, 3 November 2024
| Göllü Dağ | |
|---|---|
  Göllü Dağ | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,143 m (7,031 ft) |
| Coordinates | 38°15′35″N 34°33′0″E / 38.25972°N 34.55000°E |
| Geography | |
| Location | Niğde Province, Turkey |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Lava dome |
| Last eruption | Unknown |
Göllüdağ (also Göllü Dağ, Golludag) is a volcanic mountain located in central Turkey. This area has a long history of human occupation going back to the Lower Paleolithic period. Especially the obsidian found here was valuable.
Geology
[edit]A lava dome of this volcano has produced rhyolite, dacite and basalt. The lavas have been dated at 1.33 to 0.84 million years by fission track dating of obsidian. The dome lies above the Tertiary Derinkuyu caldera.[1]
Earliest obsidian
[edit]It was determined that the obsidian found in abundance in Göllü Dağ was used by the prehistoric peoples as early as the Lower Paleolithic period, 800,000 years ago.[2]
Golludag obsidian was mined, processed and traded to distant areas as far as Cyprus, and Syria. A 40,000-year-old obsidian tool was found in Syria that was made from Golludag obsidian.[3] The areas where obsidian was processed locally may be the earliest such workshops in the world.
Neo-Hittite settlement
[edit]
High upon the mountain, a large settlement was found dating back to the 8th century BC, the period of Neo-Hittite civilization. The city here was surrounded by a stone wall; the important structures were also protected by a second wall.[4]
The largest building at the site, occupying the highest location, measures about 112 by 228 meters.
The lion statues found among the building remains are quite remarkable. Two large double portal lions, two portal lions, and two sphinxes have been discovered. They are now exhibited in the Nigde Museums.
The excavations here started in 1934 by Remzi Oğuz Arık. Wulf Schirmer excavated here between 1992 and 1998.
In 1996, it was determined that the early humans passed through this area during their transition from Africa to Europe.[5]
In 2000, a bone fragment thought to belong to an ancestor of horses was found as the result of the erosion of the mountain slope.
During the early Iron Age period, Göllüdağ belonged to the Tabal state, which was also a part of the larger Tabal (region).
Several structural similarities indicate that Göllüdağ was also associated with the settlement on Mount Kerkenes, which is located about 170km north.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Göllü Dag". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ (2021) The unknown importance of Göllü Dağ on the route of the first humans’ Transition from Africa to Europe. - arkeonews.net
- ^ (2021) The unknown importance of Göllü Dağ on the route of the first humans’ Transition from Africa to Europe. - arkeonews.net
- ^ Göllüdağ - hittitemonuments.com
- ^ (2021) The unknown importance of Göllü Dağ on the route of the first humans’ Transition from Africa to Europe. - arkeonews.net
- ^ Map showing the location of Golludag in the context of ancient Anatolia. in Geoffrey Summers 2013, "The Kale at Kerkenes Dağ: An Iron Age Capital in Central Anatolia."
| Authority control databases: Geographic |
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