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"'''{{lang|mk-latn|Denes nad Makedonija|italic=no}}'''" ({{lang-mk|Денес над Македонија}}, {{IPA-mk|ˈdɛnɛs nat makɛˈdɔnija|pron}}; {{Literal translation|Today over Macedonia}}) is the [[national anthem]] of [[North Macedonia]]. [[Todor Skalovski]] composed the music and [[Vlado Maleski]] wrote the lyrics of the song in the early 1940s. It was adopted as the national anthem in 1992, almost a year after the state's independence from [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]. Before its adoption as a national anthem, it was used as the [[regional anthem]] of the [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]], a constituent state of Yugoslavia, before it became the national anthem of the Republic of North Macedonia.
"'''{{lang|mk-latn|Denes nad Makedonija|italic=no}}'''" ({{langx|mk|Денес над Македонија}}, {{IPA-mk|ˈdɛnɛs nat makɛˈdɔnija|pron}}; {{Literal translation|Today over Macedonia}}) is the [[national anthem]] of [[North Macedonia]]. [[Todor Skalovski]] composed the music and [[Vlado Maleski]] wrote the lyrics of the song in the early 1940s. It was adopted as the national anthem in 1992, almost a year after the state's independence from [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]. Before its adoption as a national anthem, it was used as the [[regional anthem]] of the [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]], a constituent state of Yugoslavia, before it became the national anthem of the Republic of North Macedonia.



==History==
==History==
Line 27: Line 26:
[[File:Soldiers say goodbye to Macedonian friends DVIDS97161.jpg|thumb|A Macedonian soldier saluting on behalf of his subordinates during a performance of the Macedonian national anthem in 2008]]
[[File:Soldiers say goodbye to Macedonian friends DVIDS97161.jpg|thumb|A Macedonian soldier saluting on behalf of his subordinates during a performance of the Macedonian national anthem in 2008]]


The lyrics of "Denes nad Makedonija" were penned by [[Vlado Maleski]], a writer who was active in the [[Yugoslav Partisans|Partisan]] movement during [[World War II]].<ref name=Bechev>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilGfCIF4Ao4C&pg=PA140|title=Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia|publisher=Scarecrow Press|date=April 13, 2009|last=Bechev|first=Dimitar|pages=140–141|isbn=9780810862951|access-date=June 24, 2017}}</ref> The musical portion was composed by [[Todor Skalovski]]. The song was first played in 1942 in [[Struga]], among partisan and communist circles.<ref name=Kolstø>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=po3eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT187|title=Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe|publisher=Routledge|date=April 1, 2016|last=Kolstø|first=Pål|isbn=9781317049357|access-date=June 15, 2017 |pages=186–189}}</ref><ref name=Bechev/> According to oral recounts, the hymn was played by Maleski himself on [[New Year's Eve]] in the presence of 24 youths, whose identities were subsequently documented in writing only in 1981. Even though the resistance consisted of fighters from the different ethnic groups across Yugoslavia, the aforementioned youths are believed to have all identified as Macedonians.<ref name=identity>{{cite book|title=Anthems and the Making of Nation States: Identity and Nationalism in the Balkans|chapter=Chapter 6 – A Fight for Rights: Macedonia 1941|publisher=I.B. Tauris|date=2016|author1=Aleksandar Pavković|author2=Christopher Kelen|isbn=9781784531263|pages=155-166}}</ref> From the end of the war, it was utilized – albeit unofficially<ref name=identity/> – as the regional anthem of the [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]] (which was part of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] at the time)<ref>{{cite web|title=Macedonia|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/north-macedonia/|date=June 15, 2017|access-date=June 23, 2017|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref> until 1989.<ref name=identity/> In June 1943, the song was published in a collection of Macedonian national liberation songs, edited by [[Kočo Racin]].<ref name=identity/><ref>{{cite book |author=Csaba G. Kiss |title=The Anthems of East-Central Europe: Reflections on the History of a National Symbol |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781003318774 |page=61}}</ref> The lyrics were slightly different.<ref name=identity/>
The lyrics of "Denes nad Makedonija" were penned by [[Vlado Maleski]], a writer who was active in the [[Yugoslav Partisans|Partisan]] movement during [[World War II]].<ref name=Bechev>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilGfCIF4Ao4C&pg=PA140|title=Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia|publisher=Scarecrow Press|date=April 13, 2009|last=Bechev|first=Dimitar|pages=140–141|isbn=9780810862951|access-date=June 24, 2017}}</ref> The musical portion was composed by [[Todor Skalovski]]. The song was first played in 1942 in [[Struga]], among partisan and communist circles.<ref name=Kolstø>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=po3eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT187|title=Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe|publisher=Routledge|date=April 1, 2016|last=Kolstø|first=Pål|isbn=9781317049357|access-date=June 15, 2017 |pages=186–189}}</ref><ref name=Bechev/> According to oral recounts, the hymn was played by Maleski himself on [[New Year's Eve]] in the presence of 24 youths, whose identities were subsequently documented in writing only in 1981. Even though the resistance consisted of fighters from the different ethnic groups across Yugoslavia, the aforementioned youths are believed to have all identified as Macedonians.<ref name=identity>{{cite book|title=Anthems and the Making of Nation States: Identity and Nationalism in the Balkans|chapter=Chapter 6 – A Fight for Rights: Macedonia 1941|publisher=I.B. Tauris|date=2016|author1=Aleksandar Pavković|author2=Christopher Kelen|isbn=9781784531263|pages=155–167}}</ref> From the end of the war, it was utilized – albeit unofficially<ref name=identity/> – as the regional anthem of the [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]] (which was part of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] at the time)<ref>{{cite web|title=Macedonia|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/north-macedonia/|date=June 15, 2017|access-date=June 23, 2017|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref> until 1989.<ref name=identity/> In June 1943, the song was published in a collection of Macedonian national liberation songs, edited by [[Kočo Racin]].<ref name=identity/><ref>{{cite book |author=Csaba G. Kiss |title=The Anthems of East-Central Europe: Reflections on the History of a National Symbol |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781003318774 |page=61}}</ref> The lyrics were slightly different, mentioning [[Nikola Karev]] and [[Dimitar Vlahov]].<ref name=identity/>

⚫
During the [[Informbiro period]], a small change was made in the lyrics. In the new version, the names of Karev and Vlahov were removed and that of [[Dame Gruev]] was added.<ref name="Kolstø" /> Karev and his brothers were suspected of being [[Bulgarophiles]].<ref>Keith Brown, The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation, Princeton University Press, 2018 {{ISBN|0691188432}}, p. 191.</ref> Vlahov also was dismissed, because he communicated much better in Bulgarian than in Macedonian and had no political supporters in SR Macedonia, among other reasons.<ref>Andrew Rossos, Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History; Hoover Institution Press Publication, Hoover Press, 2013, {{ISBN|081794883X}}, p. 238.</ref> According to [[Nikola Karev]]'s nephew Mishe Karev, the communist elite discussed the idea of removing the name of [[Gotse Delchev]] too and not including that of [[Dame Gruev]], and proclaiming them as Bulgarians, but it was declined.<ref>Последното интервју на Мише Карев: Колишевски и Страхил Гигов сакале да ги прогласат Гоце, Даме и Никола за Бугари! [https://denesen.mk/poslednoto-intervju-na-mishe-karev-kolishevski-i-strahil-gigov-sakale-da-gi-proglasat-goce-dame-i-nikola-za-bugari/ Денешен весник, 01.07.2019].</ref> On 14 April 1989, the socialist republic's Assembly [[Constitutional amendment|amended the Constitution]] of 1974, expressly affirming "Denes nad Makedonija" as its official regional anthem.<ref name=identity/> However, this change was short-lived, as the Assembly declared Macedonia's sovereignty two years later in January.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations|title=Macedonia – History|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/places/spain-portugal-italy-greece-and-balkans/former-yugoslavian-political-geography/macedonia#HISTORY|access-date=June 23, 2017|edition=12th|year=2007|publisher=Thomson Gale}}</ref> Macedonia's independence was approved on 8 September 1991 in [[1991 Macedonian independence referendum|a referendum]] that saw Macedonians vote overwhelmingly in favour of independence.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|first1=John B.|last1=Allcock|first2=Loring|last2=Danforth|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=Macedonia – History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Macedonia/Cultural-life#toc284921|date=December 6, 2016|access-date=June 23, 2017|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments|title=Republic of Macedonia – History|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/republic-macedonia|access-date=June 23, 2017|edition=1st|year=2008|publisher=Thomson Gale}}</ref>


⚫
Soon after independence, the [[Assembly of Macedonia|Macedonian national legislature]] held a contest to determine a national anthem for the state.<ref name=identity/> "Denes nad Makedonija" was one of several candidates in contention<ref name=Kolstø/> – the others in the running were "Himna" ({{Langx|en|"Anthem"}}, {{Literal translation|Hymn}}) by Taki Hrisik and "Da ni bideš večna" ({{Langx|en|"That You Should be Eternal"}}) by [[Aleksandar Džambazov]]<ref name=identity/> – and ended up finishing runner-up in the final results.<ref name=Kolstø/> Despite this, most members of the Assembly Commission voted to make it the national anthem of the state, and it was duly adopted on 11 August 1992.<ref name=Kolstø/><ref name=identity/> The Albanian political parties did not support the anthem on the basis that it favored one ethnic group and excluded the others.<ref name="Kolstø" /><ref>{{cite journal |author=Branislav Radeljić |title=Identities in the Balkans: assessing the politics of nationalization and Europeanization |journal=European Politics and Society |date=2017 |volume=18 |issue=4 |page=560 |doi=10.1080/23745118.2017.1376901|s2cid=158511152 }}</ref>
⚫
During the [[Informbiro period]], a small change was made in the lyrics. In the new version, the names of [[Nikola Karev]] and [[Dimitar Vlahov]] were removed and that of [[Dame Gruev]] was added.<ref name="Kolstø" /> Karev and his brothers were suspected of being [[Bulgarophiles]].<ref>Keith Brown, The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation, Princeton University Press, 2018 {{ISBN|0691188432}}, p. 191.</ref> Vlahov also was dismissed, because he communicated much better in Bulgarian than in Macedonian and had no political supporters in SR Macedonia, among other reasons.<ref>Andrew Rossos, Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History; Hoover Institution Press Publication, Hoover Press, 2013, {{ISBN|081794883X}}, p. 238.</ref> According to [[Nikola Karev]]'s nephew Mishe Karev, the communist elite discussed the idea of removing the name of [[Gotse Delchev]] too and not including that of [[Dame Gruev]], and proclaiming them as Bulgarians, but it was declined.<ref>Последното интервју на Мише Карев: Колишевски и Страхил Гигов сакале да ги прогласат Гоце, Даме и Никола за Бугари! [https://denesen.mk/poslednoto-intervju-na-mishe-karev-kolishevski-i-strahil-gigov-sakale-da-gi-proglasat-goce-dame-i-nikola-za-bugari/ Денешен весник, 01.07.2019].</ref> On 14 April 1989, the socialist republic's Assembly [[Constitutional amendment|amended the Constitution]] of 1974, expressly affirming "Denes nad Makedonija" as its official regional anthem.<ref name=identity/> However, this change was short-lived, as the Assembly declared Macedonia's sovereignty two years later in January.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations|title=Macedonia – History|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/places/spain-portugal-italy-greece-and-balkans/former-yugoslavian-political-geography/macedonia#HISTORY|access-date=June 23, 2017|edition=12th|year=2007|publisher=Thomson Gale}}</ref> Macedonia's independence was approved on 8 September 1991 in [[1991 Macedonian independence referendum|a referendum]] that saw Macedonians vote overwhelmingly in favour of independence.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|first1=John B.|last1=Allcock|first2=Loring|last2=Danforth|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=Macedonia – History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Macedonia/Cultural-life#toc284921|date=December 6, 2016|access-date=June 23, 2017|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments|title=Republic of Macedonia – History|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/republic-macedonia|access-date=June 23, 2017|edition=1st|year=2008|publisher=Thomson Gale}}</ref>


⚫
===Legal protection and reception===
⚫
Soon after independence, the [[Assembly of Macedonia|Macedonian national legislature]] held a contest to determine a national anthem for the state.<ref name=identity/> "Denes nad Makedonija" was one of several candidates in contention<ref name=Kolstø/> – the others in the running were "Himna" ({{Lang-en|"Anthem"}}, {{Literal translation|Hymn}}) by Taki Hrisik and "Da ni bideš večna" ({{Lang-en|"That You Should be Eternal"}}) by [[Aleksandar Džambazov]]<ref name=identity/> – and ended up finishing runner-up in the final results.<ref name=Kolstø/> Despite this, most of the Assembly Commission voted to make it the national anthem of the state, and it was duly adopted on 11 August 1992.<ref name=Kolstø/><ref name=identity/>
⚫
Macedonia's [[Assembly of North Macedonia|Sobranie]] (legislative chamber) passed [[legislation]] titled "The Law on the Anthem of the Republic of Macedonia" on 11 August 1992. This officially adopted "Denes nad Makedonija" as the national anthem of the country,<ref name=identity/> with Article 2 specifically confirming the song's status as such.<ref name=Kolstø/> However, it did not stipulate which stanzas should be recognized as official.<ref name=identity/> Article 5 of the [[Constitution of North Macedonia|country's constitution]] requires laws regarding [[National symbols of North Macedonia|national symbols]] to be approved by a two-thirds majority.<ref name=identity/><ref name=MFA/> Although 88 out of the 120 members of the Assembly voted for it, [[Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia|Albanian representatives]] were not involved.<ref name=Kolstø/>


In the 2011 [[Ipsos|IPSOS]] survey, 84,8% of the respondents said that they liked the anthem, while 15,2% said they did not.<ref name="Kolstø" /> Ethnically, 54% of the Albanian respondents said they did not like it and 46% said they did, while 97% of the Macedonian respondents said that they liked it.
⚫
===Legal protection===
⚫
Macedonia's [[Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia|Sobranie]] (legislative chamber) passed [[legislation]] titled "The Law on the Anthem of the Republic of Macedonia" on 11 August 1992. This officially adopted "Denes nad Makedonija" as the national anthem of the country,<ref name=identity/> with Article 2 specifically confirming the song's status as such.<ref name=Kolstø/> However, it did not stipulate which stanzas should be recognized as official.<ref name=identity/> The statute technically did not pass with the requisite two-thirds majority as stipulated by Article 5 of the [[Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia|country's constitution]] for proposals concerning [[National symbols of the Republic of Macedonia|national symbols]].<ref name=identity/><ref name=MFA/> Although 88 out of the 120 members of the assembly voted for it, [[Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia|Albanian representatives]] were not involved.<ref name=Kolstø/>


==Lyrics==
==Lyrics==
"Denes nad Makedonija", as originally written, consists of four stanzas. North Macedonia's law does not exactly specify which stanzas officially constitute the national anthem.<ref name=identity/> However, the second stanza is often omitted from the lyrics of the national anthem that are posted on North Macedonia's government websites.<ref name=Zdravljica/><ref name=MFA>{{cite web|title=State Symbols of Republic of Macedonia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/index.php/en/ministry/protocol/flag-and-anthem-of-the-republic-of-macedonia|access-date=June 17, 2017|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|publisher=Government of the Republic of Macedonia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617021138/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/index.php/en/ministry/protocol/flag-and-anthem-of-the-republic-of-macedonia|archive-date=June 17, 2017}}</ref>
"Denes nad Makedonija", as originally written, consists of four stanzas. North Macedonia's law does not exactly specify which stanzas officially constitute the national anthem.<ref name=identity/> However, the second stanza is often omitted from the lyrics of the national anthem that are posted on North Macedonia's government websites.<ref name=Zdravljica/><ref name=MFA>{{cite web|title=State Symbols of Republic of Macedonia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/index.php/en/ministry/protocol/flag-and-anthem-of-the-republic-of-macedonia|access-date=June 17, 2017|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|publisher=Government of the Republic of Macedonia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617021138/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/index.php/en/ministry/protocol/flag-and-anthem-of-the-republic-of-macedonia|archive-date=June 17, 2017}}</ref>


The lyrics of "Denes nad Makedonija" are reflective of a [[March (music)|military marching song]], which is fitting given its connection to the [[World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia|Yugoslav Macedonian theatre]] of the Second World War. They are not a call to arms for Macedonians; instead, the hymn uses [[imagery]] to take the person singing it back to the time the anthem was written and purports that they themselves were engaging in combat at the time.<ref name=identity/> The lyrics previously alluded to the concepts of mothers and motherhood (specifically in the second stanza). This is in line with the national anthems – both past and present – of other [[Southeast Europe]]an countries like [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ("[[Jedna si jedina]]"), [[Croatia]] ("[[Lijepa naša domovino|Horvatska domovina]]"), and [[Montenegro]] ("[[Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]").<ref name=Zdravljica>{{cite journal|last1=Kelen|first1=Christopher|last2=Pavković|first2=Aleksandar|year=2014|title="Zdravljica" – toast to a cosmopolitan nation anthem quality in the Slovenian context|journal=Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity|volume=42|issue=5|pages=839|doi=10.1080/00905992.2014.916664|s2cid=194065835}} {{registration required}}</ref> It discussed how mothers mourn for their fallen sons, who died fighting for the rights and liberty of their country. They are comforted for their loss by being reminded of the bravery of their sons and the nobleness of the cause for which they died. Although this theme has been described as a "standard anthemic device", it was subsequently expunged from the official words of the state anthem.<ref name=Zdravljica/>
The lyrics of "Denes nad Makedonija" are reflective of a [[March (music)|military marching song]], which is fitting given its connection to the [[World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia|Yugoslav Macedonian theatre]] of the Second World War. They are not a call to arms for Macedonians; instead, the hymn uses [[imagery]] to take the person singing it back to the time the anthem was written and purports that they themselves were engaging in combat at the time.<ref name=identity/> The lyrics previously alluded to the concepts of mothers and motherhood (specifically in the second stanza). This is in line with the national anthems – both past and present – of other [[Southeast Europe]]an countries like [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ("[[Jedna si jedina]]"), [[Croatia]] ("[[Lijepa naša domovino|Horvatska domovina]]"), and [[Montenegro]] ("[[Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]").<ref name=Zdravljica>{{cite journal|last1=Kelen|first1=Christopher|last2=Pavković|first2=Aleksandar|year=2014|title="Zdravljica" – toast to a cosmopolitan nation anthem quality in the Slovenian context|journal=Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity|volume=42|issue=5|pages=839|doi=10.1080/00905992.2014.916664|s2cid=194065835}} {{registration required}}</ref> It discussed how mothers mourn for their fallen sons, who died fighting for the rights and liberty of their country. They are comforted for their loss by being reminded of the bravery of their sons and the nobleness of the cause for which they died. Although this theme has been described as a "standard anthemic device", it was subsequently expunged from the official words of the state anthem.<ref name=Zdravljica/> The lyrics which also mention the inter-generational and inter-gender unity in the fight for rights are omitted.<ref name="identity" />


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 53: Line 54:
за своите правдини! 𝄇
за своите правдини! 𝄇


'''II'''
'''II (unused)'''
Не плачи Македонијо мајко мила,
Не плачи Македонијо мајко мила,
Крени глава гордо, високо,
Крени глава гордо, високо,

Latest revision as of 12:48, 9 November 2024

Denes nad Makedonija
English: Today over Macedonia
Денес над Македонија
The law which adopted "Denes nad Makedonija" as the national anthem.
National anthem of North Macedonia
LyricsVlado Maleski, 1943
MusicTodor Skalovski, 1941
Published1942
Adopted14 April 1989 (1989-04-14)
Readopted11 August 1992 (1992-08-11)
Relinquished8 September 1991 (1991-09-08) (by the Socialist Republic of Macedonia)
Audio sample
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse)

"Denes nad Makedonija" (Macedonian: Денес над Македонија, pronounced [ˈdɛnɛs nat makɛˈdɔnija]; lit. 'Today over Macedonia') is the national anthem of North Macedonia. Todor Skalovski composed the music and Vlado Maleski wrote the lyrics of the song in the early 1940s. It was adopted as the national anthem in 1992, almost a year after the state's independence from Yugoslavia. Before its adoption as a national anthem, it was used as the regional anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, a constituent state of Yugoslavia, before it became the national anthem of the Republic of North Macedonia.

History

[edit]
A monument in Struga dedicated to "Denes nad Makedonija"
A Macedonian soldier saluting on behalf of his subordinates during a performance of the Macedonian national anthem in 2008

The lyrics of "Denes nad Makedonija" were penned by Vlado Maleski, a writer who was active in the Partisan movement during World War II.[1] The musical portion was composed by Todor Skalovski. The song was first played in 1942 in Struga, among partisan and communist circles.[2][1] According to oral recounts, the hymn was played by Maleski himself on New Year's Eve in the presence of 24 youths, whose identities were subsequently documented in writing only in 1981. Even though the resistance consisted of fighters from the different ethnic groups across Yugoslavia, the aforementioned youths are believed to have all identified as Macedonians.[3] From the end of the war, it was utilized – albeit unofficially[3] – as the regional anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (which was part of Yugoslavia at the time)[4] until 1989.[3] In June 1943, the song was published in a collection of Macedonian national liberation songs, edited by Kočo Racin.[3][5] The lyrics were slightly different, mentioning Nikola Karev and Dimitar Vlahov.[3]

During the Informbiro period, a small change was made in the lyrics. In the new version, the names of Karev and Vlahov were removed and that of Dame Gruev was added.[2] Karev and his brothers were suspected of being Bulgarophiles.[6] Vlahov also was dismissed, because he communicated much better in Bulgarian than in Macedonian and had no political supporters in SR Macedonia, among other reasons.[7] According to Nikola Karev's nephew Mishe Karev, the communist elite discussed the idea of removing the name of Gotse Delchev too and not including that of Dame Gruev, and proclaiming them as Bulgarians, but it was declined.[8] On 14 April 1989, the socialist republic's Assembly amended the Constitution of 1974, expressly affirming "Denes nad Makedonija" as its official regional anthem.[3] However, this change was short-lived, as the Assembly declared Macedonia's sovereignty two years later in January.[9] Macedonia's independence was approved on 8 September 1991 in a referendum that saw Macedonians vote overwhelmingly in favour of independence.[10][11]

Soon after independence, the Macedonian national legislature held a contest to determine a national anthem for the state.[3] "Denes nad Makedonija" was one of several candidates in contention[2] – the others in the running were "Himna" (English: "Anthem", lit. 'Hymn') by Taki Hrisik and "Da ni bideš večna" (English: "That You Should be Eternal") by Aleksandar Džambazov[3] – and ended up finishing runner-up in the final results.[2] Despite this, most members of the Assembly Commission voted to make it the national anthem of the state, and it was duly adopted on 11 August 1992.[2][3] The Albanian political parties did not support the anthem on the basis that it favored one ethnic group and excluded the others.[2][12]

[edit]

Macedonia's Sobranie (legislative chamber) passed legislation titled "The Law on the Anthem of the Republic of Macedonia" on 11 August 1992. This officially adopted "Denes nad Makedonija" as the national anthem of the country,[3] with Article 2 specifically confirming the song's status as such.[2] However, it did not stipulate which stanzas should be recognized as official.[3] Article 5 of the country's constitution requires laws regarding national symbols to be approved by a two-thirds majority.[3][13] Although 88 out of the 120 members of the Assembly voted for it, Albanian representatives were not involved.[2]

In the 2011 IPSOS survey, 84,8% of the respondents said that they liked the anthem, while 15,2% said they did not.[2] Ethnically, 54% of the Albanian respondents said they did not like it and 46% said they did, while 97% of the Macedonian respondents said that they liked it.

Lyrics

[edit]

"Denes nad Makedonija", as originally written, consists of four stanzas. North Macedonia's law does not exactly specify which stanzas officially constitute the national anthem.[3] However, the second stanza is often omitted from the lyrics of the national anthem that are posted on North Macedonia's government websites.[14][13]

The lyrics of "Denes nad Makedonija" are reflective of a military marching song, which is fitting given its connection to the Yugoslav Macedonian theatre of the Second World War. They are not a call to arms for Macedonians; instead, the hymn uses imagery to take the person singing it back to the time the anthem was written and purports that they themselves were engaging in combat at the time.[3] The lyrics previously alluded to the concepts of mothers and motherhood (specifically in the second stanza). This is in line with the national anthems – both past and present – of other Southeast European countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Jedna si jedina"), Croatia ("Horvatska domovina"), and Montenegro ("Oj, svijetla majska zoro").[14] It discussed how mothers mourn for their fallen sons, who died fighting for the rights and liberty of their country. They are comforted for their loss by being reminded of the bravery of their sons and the nobleness of the cause for which they died. Although this theme has been described as a "standard anthemic device", it was subsequently expunged from the official words of the state anthem.[14] The lyrics which also mention the inter-generational and inter-gender unity in the fight for rights are omitted.[3]

Official Macedonian lyrics[15] Romanization of Macedonian IPA transcription[a] Albanian translation[16]

I
Денес над Македонија се раѓа,
ново сонце на слободата!
𝄆 Македонците се борат,
за своите правдини! 𝄇

II (unused)
Не плачи Македонијо мајко мила,
Крени глава гордо, високо,
𝄆 Старо, младо, машко и женско,
На нозе се кренало! 𝄇

III
Одново сега знамето се вее,
на Крушевската Република!
𝄆 Гоце Делчев, Питу Гули,
Даме Груев, Сандански! 𝄇

IV
Горите македонски шумно пеат,
нови песни, нови весници!
𝄆 Македонија слободна,
слободно живее! 𝄇

I
Denes nad Makedonija se raǵa,
novo sonce na slobodata!
𝄆 Makedoncite se borat,
za svoite pravdini! 𝄇

II
Ne plači Makedonijo majko mila,
Kreni glava gordo, visoko,
𝄆 Staro, mlado, maško i žensko,
Na noze se krenalo! 𝄇

III
Odnovo sega znameto se vee,
na Kruševskata Republika!
𝄆 Goce Delčev, Pitu Guli,
Dame Gruev, Sandanski! 𝄇

IV
Gorite Makedonski šumno peat,
novi pesni, novi vesnici!
𝄆 Makedonija slobodna,
slobodno živee! 𝄇

1
[ˈd̪ɛ.n̪ɛs̪ n̪ad̪ ma.kɛ.ˈd̪ɔ.n̪i.ja s̪ɛ ˈra.ɟa |]
[ˈnɔ.vɔ ˈs̪ɔn̪.t̪͡s̪ɛ n̪a s̪ɫ̪ɔ.ˈbɔ.d̪a.t̪a ‖]
𝄆 [ma.kɛ.ˈd̪ɔn̪.t̪͡s̪i.t̪ɛ s̪ɛ ˈbɔ.rat̪ |]
[z̪a ˈs̪vɔi̯.t̪ɛ ˈprav.d̪i.n̪i ‖] 𝄇

2
[n̪ɛ ˈpɫ̪a.t͡ʃi ma.kɛ.ˈd̪ɔ.n̪jɔ ˈmaj.kɔ ˈmi.ɫ̪a |]
[ˈkrɛ.n̪i ˈgɫ̪a.va ˈgɔr.d̪ɔ | ˈvi.s̪ɔ.kɔ |]
𝄆 [ˈs̪t̪a.rɔ | ˈmɫ̪a.d̪ɔ | ˈmaʃ.kɔ‿i ˈʒɛn̪.s̪kɔ |]
[n̪a ˈn̪ɔ.z̪ɛ s̪ɛ ˈkrɛ.n̪a.ɫ̪ɔ ‖] 𝄇

3
[ˈɔd̪.n̪ɔ.vɔ ˈs̪ɛ.ga ˈz̪n̪a.mɛ.t̪ɔ s̪ɛ ˈvɛ.ɛ ǀ]
[n̪a kru.ˈʃɛf.s̪ka.t̪a rɛ.ˈpub.l̪i.ka ǁ]
𝄆 [ˈgɔ.t̪͡s̪ɛ ˈd̪ɛɫ̪.t͡ʃɛf ǀ ˈpi.t̪u ˈgu.l̪i ǀ]
[ˈd̪a.mɛ ˈgru.ɛf ǀ ˈs̪an̪.d̪an̪.s̪ki ǁ] 𝄇

4
[ˈgɔ.ri.t̪ɛ ma.ˈkɛ.d̪ɔn̪.s̪ki ˈʃum.n̪ɔ ˈpɛ.at̪ ǀ]
[ˈn̪ɔ.vi ˈpɛs̪.n̪i ǀ ˈn̪ɔ.vi ˈvɛs̪.n̪i.t̪͡s̪i ǁ]
𝄆 [ma.kɛ.ˈd̪ɔ.n̪i.ja ˈs̪ɫ̪ɔ.bɔd̪.n̪a ǀ]
[ˈs̪ɫ̪ɔ.bɔd̪.n̪ɔ ˈʒi.vɛ.ɛ ǁ] 𝄇

I
Sot mbi Maqedoninë ka lind,
dielli i ri i lirisë!
𝄆 Maqedonasit luftojnë
për të drejtat e veta! 𝄇

II
Mos qaj e dashura nënë Maqedoni,
ngrite kokën lart me krenari.
𝄆 Të vjetër, të rinj, burra dhe gra,
në këmbë janë ngritur! 𝄇

III
Përsëri po valëvitet flamuri,
mbi Republikën e Krushevës!
𝄆 Goce Dellçev, Pitu Guli,
Dame Gruev, Sandanski! 𝄇

IV
Pyjet Maqedonase këndojnë,
këngë të reja, lajme të reja!
Maqedonia e lirë,
e lirë jeton! 𝄇

English translation[13]

I
Today over Macedonia is born
the new sun of liberty.
𝄆 The Macedonians fight
for their own rights! 𝄇

II
Do not cry, dear mother Macedonia,
Raise your head proudly high,
𝄆 Old, young, men, and women,
have risen to their feet! 𝄇

III
Now once again the flag flutters,
(that) of the Kruševo Republic
𝄆 Gotse Delchev, Pitu Guli
Dame Gruev, Sandanski! 𝄇

IV
The Macedonian woods resoundly sing
new songs and news!
𝄆 Macedonia liberated
lives in liberty! 𝄇

See also

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^ See Help:IPA/Macedonian and Macedonian phonology.

References

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  1. ^ a b Bechev, Dimitar (April 13, 2009). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 9780810862951. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kolstø, Pål (April 1, 2016). Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe. Routledge. pp. 186–189. ISBN 9781317049357. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Aleksandar Pavković; Christopher Kelen (2016). "Chapter 6 – A Fight for Rights: Macedonia 1941". Anthems and the Making of Nation States: Identity and Nationalism in the Balkans. I.B. Tauris. pp. 155–167. ISBN 9781784531263.
  4. ^ "Macedonia". The World Factbook. CIA. June 15, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  5. ^ Csaba G. Kiss (2023). The Anthems of East-Central Europe: Reflections on the History of a National Symbol. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 9781003318774.
  6. ^ Keith Brown, The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation, Princeton University Press, 2018 ISBN 0691188432, p. 191.
  7. ^ Andrew Rossos, Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History; Hoover Institution Press Publication, Hoover Press, 2013, ISBN 081794883X, p. 238.
  8. ^ Последното интервју на Мише Карев: Колишевски и Страхил Гигов сакале да ги прогласат Гоце, Даме и Никола за Бугари! Денешен весник, 01.07.2019.
  9. ^ "Macedonia – History". Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations (12th ed.). Thomson Gale. 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  10. ^ Allcock, John B.; Danforth, Loring (December 6, 2016). "Macedonia – History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  11. ^ "Republic of Macedonia – History". Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments (1st ed.). Thomson Gale. 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  12. ^ Branislav Radeljić (2017). "Identities in the Balkans: assessing the politics of nationalization and Europeanization". European Politics and Society. 18 (4): 560. doi:10.1080/23745118.2017.1376901. S2CID 158511152.
  13. ^ a b c "State Symbols of Republic of Macedonia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Government of the Republic of Macedonia. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  14. ^ a b c Kelen, Christopher; Pavković, Aleksandar (2014). ""Zdravljica" – toast to a cosmopolitan nation anthem quality in the Slovenian context". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 42 (5): 839. doi:10.1080/00905992.2014.916664. S2CID 194065835. (registration required)
  15. ^ "Државни симболи на Р. Македонија". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in Macedonian). Government of the Republic of Macedonia. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  16. ^ "Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut: Sot mbi Maqedoninë". Pretsedatel.mk (in Albanian). Retrieved 2021-10-11.
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