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'''Fener''' ({{IPA-tr|feˈnæɾ}}; historically in [[Greek language|Greek]]: Φανάρι, ''Phanári''; in [[English language|English]] also: '''Phanar''') is a quarter midway up the [[Golden Horn]] within the district of [[Fatih]] in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]. The streets in the area are full of historic wooden mansions, [[Church (building)|churches]], and [[synagogue]]s dating from the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] eras. The wooden mansions between the main axis and the shore were often used for importing wood from Pontus or the Black Sea area. Their picturesque facades were largely destroyed due to street widening requirements in the 1930s and later. The [[:wiktionary:fener#Turkish|area's name]] is a [[Turkish language|Turkish]] transliteration of the original word "fanarion" ([[Medieval Greek]]: Φανάριον) (a lighting lantern, a streetlight, a lightpost with a light lantern).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.komvos.edu.gr/dictonlineplsql/simple_search.display_full_lemma?the_lemma_id=15948&target_dict=1|title=''Τριανταφυλλίδης On line Dictionary''|work=Φανάρι(-ον) (3α)|access-date=October 7, 2006 }}</ref> It was so called for a column topped with a lantern which stood there in the Byzantine period – used as a public light or marine and/or other purpose locator/beacon. |
'''Fener''' ({{IPA-tr|feˈnæɾ}}; historically in [[Greek language|Greek]]: Φανάρι, ''Phanári''; in [[English language|English]] also: '''Phanar''') is a quarter midway up the [[Golden Horn]] within the district of [[Fatih]] in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]. The streets in the area are full of historic wooden mansions, [[Church (building)|churches]], and [[synagogue]]s dating from the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] eras. The wooden mansions between the main axis and the shore were often used for importing wood from Pontus or the Black Sea area. Their picturesque facades were largely destroyed due to street widening requirements in the 1930s and later. The [[:wiktionary:fener#Turkish|area's name]] is a [[Turkish language|Turkish]] transliteration of the original word "fanarion" ([[Medieval Greek]]: Φανάριον) (a lighting lantern, a streetlight, a lightpost with a light lantern).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.komvos.edu.gr/dictonlineplsql/simple_search.display_full_lemma?the_lemma_id=15948&target_dict=1|title=''Τριανταφυλλίδης On line Dictionary''|work=Φανάρι(-ον) (3α)|access-date=October 7, 2006 }}</ref> It was so called for a column topped with a lantern which stood there in the Byzantine period – used as a public light or marine and/or other purpose locator/beacon. |
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After the [[Fall of Constantinople]] in 1453, the Fener district became home to many of the [[Greeks]] in the city. The [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Patriarchate of Constantinople]] moved to the area as well and is still located there. As a result, "'''Phanar(i)'''" (the traditional spelling) is often used as shorthand for the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], just as "Vatican" is used for the Holy See of the Roman [[Catholic Church]]. During the Ottoman period, the Greek inhabitants of Fener were called "[[Phanariotes]]" and were important assistants to the Sultan in various capacities and offices. Wealthy Phanariotes were appointed as governors over provinces in [[Rumelia|Turkish Europe]] and Greece, and as [[hospodar]]s of [[Wallachia]] and [[Moldavia]] between 1711 and 1821. The Phanar contains the [[St. George's Cathedral, Istanbul|patriarchal cathedral of St. George]]. Its main entrance is never opened since the then Patriarch was |
After the [[Fall of Constantinople]] in 1453, the Fener district became home to many of the [[Greeks]] in the city. The [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Patriarchate of Constantinople]] moved to the area as well and is still located there. As a result, "'''Phanar(i)'''" (the traditional spelling) is often used as shorthand for the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], just as "Vatican" is used for the Holy See of the Roman [[Catholic Church]]. During the Ottoman period, the Greek inhabitants of Fener were called "[[Phanariotes]]" and were important assistants to the Sultan in various capacities and offices. Wealthy Phanariotes were appointed as governors over provinces in [[Rumelia|Turkish Europe]] and Greece, and as [[hospodar]]s of [[Wallachia]] and [[Moldavia]] between 1711 and 1821. The Phanar contains the [[St. George's Cathedral, Istanbul|patriarchal cathedral of St. George]]. Its main entrance is never opened since the then Patriarch was lynched there in 1821, at the time of Greek independence. |
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The oldest surviving Greek school in Istanbul, [[Phanar Greek Orthodox College|Özel Fener Rum Lisesi]], is found in Fener. The school was established in 1454. |
The oldest surviving Greek school in Istanbul, [[Phanar Greek Orthodox College|Özel Fener Rum Lisesi]], is found in Fener. The school was established in 1454. |
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An important Bulgarian church, St. Stephen ("[[Bulgarian St. Stephen Church|The Iron Church]]"), lies between the patriarchate and the shore of the Golden Horn. There are a number of other |
An important Bulgarian church, St. Stephen ("[[Bulgarian St. Stephen Church|The Iron Church]]"), lies between the patriarchate and the shore of the Golden Horn. There are a number of other Greek Orthodox churches but since the Genocide of the Greeks and other Christians they are barely used. |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
Revision as of 17:02, 15 May 2022
Fener | |
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Quarter | |
Coordinates: 41°01′44.00″N 28°57′07″E / 41.0288889°N 28.95194°E | |
Country | Turkey |
Region | Marmara |
Province | Istanbul |
District | Fatih |
Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Area code | 0-212 |
Fener (Turkish pronunciation: [feˈnæɾ]; historically in Greek: Φανάρι, Phanári; in English also: Phanar) is a quarter midway up the Golden Horn within the district of Fatih in Istanbul, Turkey. The streets in the area are full of historic wooden mansions, churches, and synagogues dating from the Byzantine and Ottoman eras. The wooden mansions between the main axis and the shore were often used for importing wood from Pontus or the Black Sea area. Their picturesque facades were largely destroyed due to street widening requirements in the 1930s and later. The area's name is a Turkish transliteration of the original word "fanarion" (Medieval Greek: Φανάριον) (a lighting lantern, a streetlight, a lightpost with a light lantern).[1] It was so called for a column topped with a lantern which stood there in the Byzantine period – used as a public light or marine and/or other purpose locator/beacon.
After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Fener district became home to many of the Greeks in the city. The Patriarchate of Constantinople moved to the area as well and is still located there. As a result, "Phanar(i)" (the traditional spelling) is often used as shorthand for the Ecumenical Patriarchate, just as "Vatican" is used for the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church. During the Ottoman period, the Greek inhabitants of Fener were called "Phanariotes" and were important assistants to the Sultan in various capacities and offices. Wealthy Phanariotes were appointed as governors over provinces in Turkish Europe and Greece, and as hospodars of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1711 and 1821. The Phanar contains the patriarchal cathedral of St. George. Its main entrance is never opened since the then Patriarch was lynched there in 1821, at the time of Greek independence.
The oldest surviving Greek school in Istanbul, Özel Fener Rum Lisesi, is found in Fener. The school was established in 1454.
An important Bulgarian church, St. Stephen ("The Iron Church"), lies between the patriarchate and the shore of the Golden Horn. There are a number of other Greek Orthodox churches but since the Genocide of the Greeks and other Christians they are barely used.
Gallery
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The Fener c. 1900
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The exterior of the St. George's Cathedral. The facade shows a neo-Classical influence which makes it quite distinct from Orthodox churches in the Byzantine style
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The Patriarchal residence in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in Fener
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The Church of Saint Mary of the Mongols viewed from South
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The Phanar Greek Orthodox College seen from a Rum house in Vodina Caddesi
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Maraşlı Greek Orthodox Primary School. Built in the Ottoman era and funded by Grigorios Maraslis, it is not in use today
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A madrasa in Fener
See also
- Bulgarian iron church of St. Stephen of the Bulgars
- Church of St George
- Church of St. Mary of the Mongols
- Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, currently Bartholomew I of Constantinople
- Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
- Greeks in Turkey
- Phanar Greek Orthodox College
- Phanariotes
- Greektown
References
- ^ "Τριανταφυλλίδης On line Dictionary". Φανάρι(-ον) (3α). Retrieved October 7, 2006.