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→Causes: edited as per NYT source / removal made as per WP:UNDUE WP:WEIGHT as article is on Terrorism in Pakistan not Jadhav
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Afghanistan was identified to give unchecked and ungovernable spaces for freedom of movement for multiple anti Pakistan terrorist groups such as the TTP, JUA, BLA, BNA, BLF and ISKP settled and operating along the [[Durand Line|Pak-Afghan]] border.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title=RAW may exploit fault lines in Pakistan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2412750/raw-may-exploit-fault-lines-in-pakistan?amp=1 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=The Express Tribune}}</ref>
Afghanistan was identified to give unchecked and ungovernable spaces for freedom of movement for multiple anti Pakistan terrorist groups such as the TTP, JUA, BLA, BNA, BLF and ISKP settled and operating along the [[Durand Line|Pak-Afghan]] border.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title=RAW may exploit fault lines in Pakistan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2412750/raw-may-exploit-fault-lines-in-pakistan?amp=1 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=The Express Tribune}}</ref>


===Alleged Indian Involvement===
===Indian involvement===
⚫
In 2017, [[Kulbhushan Jadhav]], an Indian naval officer arrested in March 2016 in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] and charged with espionage and sabotage was sentenced to death. He was accused of operating a covert terror network within Balochistan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Masood |first=Salman |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |date=2017-04-10 |title=Pakistan Sentences Indian Spy to Death for Operating Terrorism Ring |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/10/world/asia/pakistan-india-death-sentence-spy-kulbhushan-yadav.html |access-date=2023-04-20 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The Pakistani military released a video of Jadhav where he "confessed" that he was tasked by India’s intelligence agency, the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW), “to plan and organise espionage and sabotage activities” in Balochistan and Karachi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Transcript of RAW agent Kulbhushan’s confessional statement |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1248786 |work=DAWN.COM |date=30 March 2016 |language=en}}</ref> However, India responded that Jadhav, an ex-Indian Navy serviceman, had been allegedly abducted by Pakistan from Iran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kulbhushan-jadhav-kidnapped-from-iran-no-evidence-against-him-says-india-1679674|title=Kulbhushan Jadhav Kidnapped From Iran, No Evidence Against Him, Says India}}</ref>
⚫
In 2017, [[Kulbhushan Jadhav]], allegedly an Indian naval officer was said to be arrested in March 2016 in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] and charged with espionage and sabotage and was sentenced to death. He was accused of operating a covert terror network within Balochistan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Masood |first=Salman |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |date=2017-04-10 |title=Pakistan Sentences Indian Spy to Death for Operating Terrorism Ring |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/10/world/asia/pakistan-india-death-sentence-spy-kulbhushan-yadav.html |access-date=2023-04-20 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The Pakistani military released a video of Jadhav where he "confessed" that he was tasked by India’s intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), “to plan and organise espionage and sabotage activities” in Balochistan and Karachi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=APP |date=2016-03-30 |title=Transcript of RAW agent Kulbhushan’s confessional statement |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1248786 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

However, India responded that he an ex - Indian Navy serviceman, and had been abducted by Pakistan from Iran and wrongfully detained for three weeks without informing the Indian consulate. He was subsequently sentenced to death by a military court in what India called would be "premediated murder".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kulbhushan-jadhav-case-what-you-need-to-know-before-the-verdict/articleshow/70256759.cms?from=mdr|title=Kulbhushan Jadhav case: What you need to know before the verdict}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kulbhushan-jadhav-kidnapped-from-iran-no-evidence-against-him-says-india-1679674|title=Kulbhushan Jadhav Kidnapped From Iran, No Evidence Against Him, Says India}}</ref> Pakistan also denied consular access to Jadhav, until the International Court of Justice intervened, by placing a stay the death sentence and forcing Pakistan “to cease internationally wrongful acts of a continuing character”. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-india-won-kulbhushan-jadhavs-case-against-pakistan-at-the-international-court-of-justice/articleshow/70310916.cms?from=mdr|title=How India won Kulbhushan Jadhav's case against Pakistan at the International Court of Justice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icwa.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=3&ls_id=4798&lid=2012|title=The Verdict of ICJ on the Kulbhushan Jadhav Case}}</ref>


In November 2020, the [[Foreign Office of Pakistan]] made public a dossier allegedly containing 'irrefutable proofs' of Indian sponsorship of terrorism in Pakistan. It allegedly contained proof of India's financial and material sponsorship of multiple terrorist organisations, including UN-[[List of designated terrorist groups|designated terrorist organisations]] [[Jamaat-ul-Ahrar]], [[Balochistan Liberation Army]] and [[Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Specific proof of Indian terrorism in Pakistan unveiled |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1590441 |work=Dawn |date=November 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan gives UN a dossier on India, New Delhi dubs it 'lies' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/25/pakistan-gives-un-a-dossier-on-india-new-delhi-dubs-it-lies |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=Al Jazeera |agency=Reuters |date=25 November 2020}}</ref>
In November 2020, the [[Foreign Office of Pakistan]] made public a dossier allegedly containing 'irrefutable proofs' of Indian sponsorship of terrorism in Pakistan. It allegedly contained proof of India's financial and material sponsorship of multiple terrorist organisations, including UN-[[List of designated terrorist groups|designated terrorist organisations]] [[Jamaat-ul-Ahrar]], [[Balochistan Liberation Army]] and [[Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Specific proof of Indian terrorism in Pakistan unveiled |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1590441 |work=Dawn |date=November 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan gives UN a dossier on India, New Delhi dubs it 'lies' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/25/pakistan-gives-un-a-dossier-on-india-new-delhi-dubs-it-lies |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=Al Jazeera |agency=Reuters |date=25 November 2020}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:59, 21 April 2023

Terrorism in Pakistan, according to the Ministry of Interior, poses a significant threat to the people of Pakistan. The wave of terrorism in Pakistan is believed to have started in 2000.[1]

Since 2001, the Pakistan military has launched a series of military offensives against terrorist groups in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The offensive brought peace in those areas and the rest of the country.[2][3] Many terrorists belonging to various terrorist groups were killed. However, some militants managed to flee to Afghanistan.[4][5] From Afghanistan, those militants continue to launch attacks on Pakistan military posts located near the border.[6] In 2017, Afghanistan's Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah admitted that Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) has a foothold in Afghanistan.[7] In 2019, the United States Department of Defense claimed that about 3,000 to 5,000 terrorists belonging to TTP are in Afghanistan.[8]

According to a report by Brown University's Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, 23,372 Pakistani civilians and 8,832 Pakistani security personnel were killed in the War on Terrorism.[9] Moreover, according to the Government of Pakistan, the direct and indirect economic costs of terrorism from 2000–2010 total $68 billion.[10] In 2018, Pakistani newspaper Dawn News reported that the Pakistani economy suffered a total loss of $126.79 billion since 2001 due to the War on Terror.[11]

Pakistan officials often blame India and Afghanistan for supporting terrorism in Pakistan. India has denied Pakistan's allegations. However, Afghanistan has admitted to providing support for terrorist groups such as Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). In 2013, the United States conducted a raid on an Afghan convoy that was taking Latif Mehsud to Kabul. Latif was a senior commander of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).[12] Afghan President's spokesperson, Aimal Faizi, told reporters that the National Directorate of Security (NDS) was working with Latif. Latif was a conduit for funding to TTP. Some of the funding for TTP might have come from NDS.[13] Former NDS head Asadullah Khalid posted a video belonging to TTP on his Twitter account where he claimed that the Badaber Camp attack was tit for tat.[14]

As of 2022, most terrorist activities in Pakistan have been concentrated in provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. KP accounting for 64 percent of the reported casualties (633 fatalities in 2022), followed by 26 percent in Balochistan, 5.8 percent in Sindh and 2.8 percent in Punjab. [15]

List of terrorist incidents since 2001

Main article: List of terrorist incidents in Pakistan since 2001

Causes

The roots of terrorism in Pakistan can be traced back to 1979 when Soviet Union had occupied Afghanistan.[16][unreliable source?] Terrorism in Pakistan originated after Pakistan supported the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War, and the subsequent civil war that erupted in Afghanistan. The mujahideen fighters were trained by Pakistan's military, American CIA and other western intelligence agencies who continued operations in the area after the war officially ended.[citation needed]

Afghanistan

In a report published by the Defence Ministry, It said that the incidents of terrorism in Pakistan had seen an increase in 2023 compared to 2018 and 2021 after the US withdrawal from Afghanistan. The subsequent takeover of Afghanistan by the Afghan Taliban was followed by the release of 1500 TTP militants from Afghan jails.[17]

Afghanistan was identified to give unchecked and ungovernable spaces for freedom of movement for multiple anti Pakistan terrorist groups such as the TTP, JUA, BLA, BNA, BLF and ISKP settled and operating along the Pak-Afghan border.[18]

Indian involvement

In 2017, Kulbhushan Jadhav, an Indian naval officer arrested in March 2016 in Balochistan and charged with espionage and sabotage was sentenced to death. He was accused of operating a covert terror network within Balochistan.[19] The Pakistani military released a video of Jadhav where he "confessed" that he was tasked by India’s intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), “to plan and organise espionage and sabotage activities” in Balochistan and Karachi.[20] However, India responded that Jadhav, an ex-Indian Navy serviceman, had been allegedly abducted by Pakistan from Iran.[21]

In November 2020, the Foreign Office of Pakistan made public a dossier allegedly containing 'irrefutable proofs' of Indian sponsorship of terrorism in Pakistan. It allegedly contained proof of India's financial and material sponsorship of multiple terrorist organisations, including UN-designated terrorist organisations Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, Balochistan Liberation Army and Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan.[22][23]

War on terrorism

Main articles: Pakistan's role in the War on Terror and Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
See also: Insurgency in Balochistan
Fatalities in terrorist violence in Pakistan, (2000–present)

The current wave of terrorism peaked during 2009. Since then it has declined as result of selective military operations conducted by the Pakistan Army.[24] According to South Asian Terrorism Portal Index (SATP), terrorism in Pakistan has declined by 89% in 2017 since its peak years in 2009.[24]

In 2012, the Pakistani leadership sat down to sort out solutions for dealing with the menace of terrorism and in 2013, political parties unanimously reached a resolution on Monday 9, September 2013, at the All Parties Conference (APC), stating that negotiation with the militants should be pursued as their first option to counter terrorism.[25]

With the terrorists attacks continuing in late 2013 the political leadership in Pakistan initiated a military operation against terrorists named Operation Zarb-e-Azb; a joint military offensive against various militant groups, including the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Jundallah, al-Qaeda, the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) and the Haqqani network.[26][citation needed] The operation was launched by the Pakistan Armed Forces on 15 June 2014 in North Waziristan (part of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas along the Afghan border) as a renewed effort against militancy in the wake of the 8 June attack on Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, for which the TTP and the IMU claimed responsibility.[27]

Operation Zarb-e-Azb has been described as turning point in Pakistan war on terrorism. The operation was successful and Pakistan experienced sharp decline in terrorism since the launch of the operation.[28] According to National Counter Terrorism Authority (Nacta), Pakistan experienced largest number of terrorist attack in 2010. Since 2014, terrorist attacks in Pakistan have significantly declined. Pakistani officials state that the terrorism in Pakistan will decline more once the fencing of Pakistan-Afghanistan border is complete.[28]

Pakistani newspaper, Dawn news, reports that Pakistan's economic losses due to war on terrorism declined by 62% from 2014 to 2018. The Pakistani economy suffered $23.77 billion in 2010-11 due to expenses related to war on terrorism. This amount declined to $12 billion in 2011-12. In 2016-17, Pakistan economy suffered $5.47 billion and $2.07 billion on 2017-18. Pakistani government estimates that Pakistan has suffered total losses of $126.79 billion since 9/11 attacks.[11]

Afghan President's spokesperson, Aimal Faizi, told reporters that the National Directorate of Security (NDS) was working with Latif. Latif was conduit for funding to TTP. Some of the funding for TTP might have come from NDS.[29] Former NDS head, Asadullah Khalid, posted a video belonging to TTP on his Twitter account where he claimed that Badaber Camp attack was tit for tat.[30]

Thousands of people participated in peace rallies in different towns in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, condemning the recent attack on the Malik Saad Shaheed Police Lines in Peshawar and the resurgence of militancy in the province. The participants demanded that the government eliminate militancy and ensure sustainable peace. The rallies were attended by prominent leaders, including Manzoor Pashteen of the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM) and Sardar Hussain Babak of the Awami National Party.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Fatalities in terrorist violence in Pakistan 2003-2018". South Asian Terrorism Portal Index (SATP). Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  2. ^ "Once terror-hit region now ready to welcome students". Gulf News. 21 March 2019.
  3. ^ "Pakistan says normalcy returns to former Taliban stronghold". Associated Press (AP). 27 January 2019.
  4. ^ "Pakistani Taliban: Between infighting, government crackdowns and Daesh". TRT News. 18 April 2019.
  5. ^ "US Drone Kills Afghan-Based Pakistani Taliban Commander". Voice of America (VOA). 4 July 2018.
  6. ^ "Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) claimed cross-border attack targeting Pakistani soldiers in North Waziristan". Islamic Theology of Counter Terrorism (ITCT). 19 September 2018.
  7. ^ "TTP has a foothold in Afghanistan". Dawn News. 17 November 2017.
  8. ^ "Lead Inspector General for Operation Freedom's Sentinel I Quarterly Report to the United States Congress I January 1, 2019 – March 31, 2019". Department of Defense Office of Inspector General (DoDIG). Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  9. ^ "US war on terror killed at least 65,000 people in Pakistan: study". The Nation. 9 November 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018.
  10. ^ Why they get Pakistan wrong| Mohsin Hamid| NYRoB 29 September 2011
  11. ^ a b "62pc cut in war on terror losses". Dawn News. 27 April 2018.
  12. ^ Matthew Rosenberg. "U.S. Disrupts Afghans' Tack on Militants". New York Times. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  13. ^ Umar Farooq (1 January 2014). "Afghanistan-Pakistan: The covert war". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Latif spent much of his time since 2010 between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and it is believed he was a conduit for funding to the TTP. It now appears some of that funding might have come from Afghanistan's intelligence agency, the National Directorate of Security (NDS)....Yet, the president's spokesperson, Aimal Faizi, openly told reporters the NDS had been working with Latif "for a long period of time." Latif, Faizi said, "was part of an NDS project like every other intelligence agency is doing."
  14. ^ "Former Afghan intelligence head says Badaber attack is a 'tit for tat', terms TTP militants as 'martyrs'". Daily Pakistan. 19 September 2015. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Pakistan's Alarming Rise in Terrorism Is Fueled by Afghanistan". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  16. ^ "Terrorism in Pakistan". The Nation. 20 April 2016.
  17. ^ "RAW may exploit fault lines in Pakistan". The Express Tribune. 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  18. ^ "RAW may exploit fault lines in Pakistan". The Express Tribune. 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  19. ^ Masood, Salman; Kumar, Hari (10 April 2017). "Pakistan Sentences Indian Spy to Death for Operating Terrorism Ring". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  20. ^ "Transcript of RAW agent Kulbhushan's confessional statement". DAWN.COM. 30 March 2016.
  21. ^ "Kulbhushan Jadhav Kidnapped From Iran, No Evidence Against Him, Says India".
  22. ^ "Specific proof of Indian terrorism in Pakistan unveiled". Dawn. 15 November 2020.
  23. ^ "Pakistan gives UN a dossier on India, New Delhi dubs it 'lies'". Al Jazeera. Reuters. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  24. ^ a b "Terrorism in Pakistan decline by 89% in 8 years". ProPakistani. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  25. ^ "APC: Political leaders decide on Taliban talks as first step". 9 September 2013.
  26. ^ US commander commends Zarb-e-Azb for disrupting Haqqani network's ability to target Afghanistan 6 November 2014., The Express Tribune
  27. ^ "Gunmen kill 13 at Karachi's Jinnah International Airport". BBC News. 9 June 2014.
  28. ^ a b Umar Farooq (1 January 2019). "Terror incidents continued to decline in 2018". Archived from the original on 2 January 2019.
  29. ^ Umar Farooq (1 January 2014). "Afghanistan-Pakistan: The covert war". The Diplomat. Latif spent much of his time since 2010 between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and it is believed he was a conduit for funding to the TTP. It now appears some of that funding might have come from Afghanistan's intelligence agency, the National Directorate of Security (NDS)....Yet, the president's spokesperson, Aimal Faizi, openly told reporters the NDS had been working with Latif "for a long period of time." Latif, Faizi said, "was part of an NDS project like every other intelligence agency is doing."
  30. ^ "Former Afghan intelligence head says Badaber attack is a 'tit for tat', terms TTP militants as 'martyrs'". Daily Pakistan. 19 September 2015. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015.
  31. ^ "Condemning peshawer attack". 6 February 2023.

Bibliography

  • Hassan Abbas. Pakistan's Drift Into Extremism: Allah, The Army, And America's War On Terror, M.E. Sharpe, 2004. ISBN 0-7656-1497-9
  • Zahid Hussain. Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam, New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. ISBN 0-231-14224-2

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terrorism_in_Pakistan&oldid=1150988518"