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[[Category:Yugoslav Macedonia in World War II]]
[[Category:Yugoslav Macedonia in World War II]]
[[Category:National anthems]]
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[[Category:National anthem compositions in C major]]
[[Category:Compositions in C major]]
[[Category:National symbols of North Macedonia]]
[[Category:National symbols of North Macedonia]]

Revision as of 06:21, 23 June 2023

Denes nad Makedonija
English: Today over Macedonia
Денес над Македонија
The law which adopted "Denes nad Makedonija" as the national anthem.
National anthem of North Macedonia
LyricsVlado Maleski, 1943
MusicTodor Skalovski, 1941
Published1942
Adopted14 April 1989 (1989-04-14)
Readopted11 August 1992 (1992-08-11)
Relinquished8 September 1991 (1991-09-08) (by the Socialist Republic of Macedonia)
Audio sample
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse)

"Denes nad Makedonija" (Template:Lang-mk, pronounced [ˈdɛnɛs nat makɛˈdɔnija]; lit. 'Today over Macedonia') is the national anthem of North Macedonia; both the music and lyrics date from the early 1940s. Todor Skalovski composed the music, while the lyrics were written by Vlado Maleski. It was adopted as the national anthem in 1992, a year after the state's independence from Yugoslavia. Before its adoption as a national anthem, it was used as the regional anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, a constituent state of Yugoslavia, before it became the national anthem of the Republic of North Macedonia.

History

A monument in Struga dedicated to "Denes nad Makedonija"
A Macedonian soldier saluting on behalf of his subordinates during a performance of the Macedonian national anthem in 2008

The lyrics of "Denes nad Makedonija" were penned by Vlado Maleski, a writer who was active in the Partisan movement during World War II.[1] The musical portion was composed by Todor Skalovski. The song was first played in 1942, among groups affiliated with the communist and Partisan resistance in Struga.[2][1] According to oral recounts, the hymn was played by Maleski himself on New Year's Eve in the presence of 24 youths, whose identities were subsequently documented in writing only in 1981. Even though the resistance consisted of fighters from the different ethnic groups across Yugoslavia, the aforementioned youths are believed to have all identified as Macedonians.[3] From the end of the war, it was utilized – albeit unofficially[3] – as the regional anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (which was part of Yugoslavia at the time)[4] until 1989.[3]

Meanwhile, during the Informbiro period, a small change was made in the lyrics. In the new version, the names of Nikola Karev and Dimitar Vlahov were removed and that of Dame Gruev was added.[5] Karev and his brothers were suspected of being Bulgarophiles.[6] Vlahov also was dismissed, because he communicated much better in Bulgarian than in Macedonian and had no political supporters in SR Macedonia, among other reasons.[7] According to Nikola Karev's nephew Mishe Karev, the communist elite discussed the idea of removing the name of Gotse Delchev too and not including that of Dame Gruev, and proclaiming them as Bulgarians, but it was declined.[8] On 14 April 1989, the socialist republic's Assembly amended the Constitution of 1974, expressly affirming "Denes nad Makedonija" as its official regional anthem.[3] However, this change was short-lived, as the Assembly declared Macedonia's sovereignty two years later in January.[9] This was approved on 8 September 1991 in a referendum that saw Macedonians vote overwhelmingly in favour of independence.[10][11]

Soon after independence, the Macedonian national legislature held a contest to determine a national anthem for the state.[3] "Denes nad Makedonija" was one of several candidates in contention[2] – the others in the running were "Himna" (Template:Lang-en, lit. 'Hymn') by Taki Hrisik and "Da ni bideš večna" (Template:Lang-en) by Aleksandar Džambazov[3] – and ended up finishing runner-up in the final results.[2] Despite this, most of the Assembly Commission voted to make it the national anthem of the state, and it was duly adopted on 11 August 1992.[2][3]

Macedonia's Sobranie (legislative chamber) passed legislation titled "The Law on the Anthem of the Republic of Macedonia" on 11 August 1992. This officially adopted "Denes nad Makedonija" as the national anthem of the country,[3] with Article 2 specifically confirming the song's status as such.[2] However, it did not stipulate which stanzas should be recognized as official.[3] The statute technically did not pass with the requisite two-thirds majority as stipulated by Article 5 of the country's constitution for proposals concerning national symbols.[3][12] Although 88 out of the 120 members of the assembly voted for it, Albanian representatives were not involved.[2]

Lyrics

"Denes nad Makedonija", as originally written, consists of four stanzas. North Macedonia's law does not exactly specify which stanzas officially constitute the national anthem.[3] However, the second stanza is often omitted from the lyrics of the national anthem that are posted on North Macedonia's government websites.[13][12]

The lyrics of "Denes nad Makedonija" are reflective of a military marching song, which is fitting given its connection to the Yugoslav Macedonian theatre of the Second World War. They are not a call to arms for Macedonians; instead, the hymn uses imagery to take the person singing it back to the time the anthem was written and purports that they themselves were engaging in combat at the time.[3] The lyrics previously alluded to the concepts of mothers and motherhood (specifically in the second stanza). This is in line with the national anthems – both past and present – of other Southeast European countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Jedna si jedina"), Croatia ("Horvatska domovina"), and Montenegro ("Oj, svijetla majska zoro").[13] It discussed how mothers mourn for their fallen sons, who died fighting for the rights and liberty of their country. They are comforted for their loss by being reminded of the bravery of their sons and the nobleness of the cause for which they died. Although this theme has been described as a "standard anthemic device", it was subsequently expunged from the official words of the state anthem.[13]

Official Macedonian lyrics[14] Romanization of Macedonian IPA transcription[a] Albanian translation[15] English translation[12]

I
Денес над Македонија се раѓа,
ново сонце на слободата!
𝄆 Македонците се борат,
за своите правдини! 𝄇

II
Не плачи Македонијо мајко мила,
Крени глава гордо, високо,
𝄆 Старо, младо, машко и женско,
На нозе се кренало! 𝄇

III
Одново сега знамето се вее,
на Крушевската Република!
𝄆 Гоце Делчев, Питу Гули,
Даме Груев, Сандански! 𝄇

IV
Горите македонски шумно пеат,
нови песни, нови весници!
𝄆 Македонија слободна,
слободно живее! 𝄇

I
Denes nad Makedonija se raǵa,
novo sonce na slobodata!
𝄆 Makedoncite se borat,
za svoite pravdini! 𝄇

II
Ne plači Makedonijo majko mila,
Kreni glava gordo, visoko,
𝄆 Staro, mlado, maško i žensko,
Na noze se krenalo! 𝄇

III
Odnovo sega znameto se vee,
na Kruševskata Republika!
𝄆 Goce Delčev, Pitu Guli,
Dame Gruev, Sandanski! 𝄇

IV
Gorite Makedonski šumno peat,
novi pesni, novi vesnici!
𝄆 Makedonija slobodna,
slobodno živee! 𝄇

1
[ˈd̪ɛ.n̪ɛs̪ n̪ad̪ ma.kɛ.ˈd̪ɔ.n̪i.ja s̪ɛ ˈra.ɟa |]
[ˈnɔ.vɔ ˈs̪ɔn̪.t̪͡s̪ɛ n̪a s̪ɫ̪ɔ.ˈbɔ.d̪a.t̪a ‖]
𝄆 [ma.kɛ.ˈd̪ɔn̪.t̪͡s̪i.t̪ɛ s̪ɛ ˈbɔ.rat̪ |]
[z̪a ˈs̪vɔi̯.t̪ɛ ˈprav.d̪i.n̪i ‖] 𝄇

2
[n̪ɛ ˈpɫ̪a.t͡ʃi ma.kɛ.ˈd̪ɔ.n̪jɔ ˈmaj.kɔ ˈmi.ɫ̪a |]
[ˈkrɛ.n̪i ˈgɫ̪a.va ˈgɔr.d̪ɔ | ˈvi.s̪ɔ.kɔ |]
𝄆 [ˈs̪t̪a.rɔ | ˈmɫ̪a.d̪ɔ | ˈmaʃ.kɔ‿i ˈʒɛn̪.s̪kɔ |]
[n̪a ˈn̪ɔ.z̪ɛ s̪ɛ ˈkrɛ.n̪a.ɫ̪ɔ ‖] 𝄇

3
[ˈɔd̪.n̪ɔ.vɔ ˈs̪ɛ.ga ˈz̪n̪a.mɛ.t̪ɔ s̪ɛ ˈvɛ.ɛ ǀ]
[n̪a kru.ˈʃɛf.s̪ka.t̪a rɛ.ˈpub.l̪i.ka ǁ]
𝄆 [ˈgɔ.t̪͡s̪ɛ ˈd̪ɛɫ̪.t͡ʃɛf ǀ ˈpi.t̪u ˈgu.l̪i ǀ]
[ˈd̪a.mɛ ˈgru.ɛf ǀ ˈs̪an̪.d̪an̪.s̪ki ǁ] 𝄇

4
[ˈgɔ.ri.t̪ɛ ma.ˈkɛ.d̪ɔn̪.s̪ki ˈʃum.n̪ɔ ˈpɛ.at̪ ǀ]
[ˈn̪ɔ.vi ˈpɛs̪.n̪i ǀ ˈn̪ɔ.vi ˈvɛs̪.n̪i.t̪͡s̪i ǁ]
𝄆 [ma.kɛ.ˈd̪ɔ.n̪i.ja ˈs̪ɫ̪ɔ.bɔd̪.n̪a ǀ]
[ˈs̪ɫ̪ɔ.bɔd̪.n̪ɔ ˈʒi.vɛ.ɛ ǁ] 𝄇

I
Sot mbi Maqedoninë ka lind,
dielli i ri i lirisë!
𝄆 Maqedonasit luftojnë
për të drejtat e veta! 𝄇

II
Mos qaj e dashura nënë Maqedoni,
ngrite kokën lart me krenari.
𝄆 Të vjetër, të rinj, burra dhe gra,
në këmbë janë ngritur! 𝄇

III
Përsëri po valëvitet flamuri,
mbi Republikën e Krushevës!
𝄆 Goce Dellçev, Pitu Guli,
Dame Gruev, Sandanski! 𝄇

IV
Pyjet Maqedonase këndojnë,
këngë të reja, lajme të reja!
Maqedonia e lirë,
e lirë jeton! 𝄇

I
Today over Macedonia is born
the new sun of liberty.
𝄆 The Macedonians fight
for their own rights! 𝄇

II
Do not cry, dear mother Macedonia,
Raise your head proudly high,
𝄆 Old, young, men, and women,
have risen to their feet! 𝄇

III
Now once again the flag flutters,
(that) of the Kruševo Republic
𝄆 Gotse Delchev, Pitu Guli
Dame Gruev, Sandanski! 𝄇

IV
The Macedonian woods resoundly sing
new songs and news!
𝄆 Macedonia liberated
lives in liberty! 𝄇

See also

Notes

  1. ^ See Help:IPA/Macedonian and Macedonian phonology.

References

  1. ^ a b Bechev, Dimitar (April 13, 2009). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 9780810862951. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Kolstø, Pål (April 1, 2016). Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9781317049357. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Pavković, Aleksandar; Kelen, Christopher (October 28, 2015). "Chapter 6 – A Fight for Rights: Macedonia 1941". Anthems and the Making of Nation States: Identity and Nationalism in the Balkans. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9780857739698. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  4. ^ "Macedonia". The World Factbook. CIA. June 15, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  5. ^ Pål Kolstø, Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe, Routledge, 2016, ISBN 1317049365, p. 188.
  6. ^ Keith Brown, The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation, Princeton University Press, 2018 ISBN 0691188432, p. 191.
  7. ^ Andrew Rossos, Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History; Hoover Institution Press Publication, Hoover Press, 2013, ISBN 081794883X, p. 238.
  8. ^ Последното интервју на Мише Карев: Колишевски и Страхил Гигов сакале да ги прогласат Гоце, Даме и Никола за Бугари! Денешен весник, 01.07.2019.
  9. ^ "Macedonia – History". Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations (12th ed.). Thomson Gale. 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  10. ^ Allcock, John B.; Danforth, Loring (December 6, 2016). "Macedonia – History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  11. ^ "Republic of Macedonia – History". Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments (1st ed.). Thomson Gale. 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  12. ^ a b c "State Symbols of Republic of Macedonia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Government of the Republic of Macedonia. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  13. ^ a b c Kelen, Christopher; Pavković, Aleksandar (2014). ""Zdravljica" – toast to a cosmopolitan nation anthem quality in the Slovenian context". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 42 (5): 839. doi:10.1080/00905992.2014.916664. S2CID 194065835. (registration required)
  14. ^ "Државни симболи на Р. Македонија". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in Macedonian). Government of the Republic of Macedonia. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  15. ^ "Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut: Sot mbi Maqedoninë". Pretsedatel.mk (in Albanian). Retrieved 2021-10-11.
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