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{{Short description|Psychological phenomenon in which a body can display multiple distinct personas}}
{{Short description|Psychological phenomenon in which a body can display multiple distinct personas}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=September 2022}}{{About|the psychological concept|the online subculture loosely based around this concept |Multiplicity (subculture)}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=September 2022}}{{About|the psychological concept|the online subculture loosely based around this concept |Multiplicity (subculture)}}
'''Multiplicity''' also sometimes called '''plurality or polypsychism''' is the broad psychological phenomenon in which a body can feature multiple distinct or overlapping consciousnesses, [[Subpersonality|subpersonalities]], or [[Self-concept|self concepts]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=cooper |first=mick |date=1996 |title=MODES OF EXISTENCE: TOWARDS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL POLYPSYCHISM |url=https://study.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/Ch.%203%20-%20Self-plurality%20from%20an%20existential%20perspective.pdf |journal=Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis |volume=7.2 |pages=1}}</ref><ref name="Ribáry" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=The plural self: multiplicity in everyday life |date=1999 |publisher=Sage Publ |isbn=978-0-7619-6076-8 |editor-last=Rowan |editor-first=John |edition=1. publ |location=London |pages=2}}</ref> each with its own degree of individuality.<ref name="Ribáry">{{Cite journal|last1=Ribáry|first1=Gergő|last2=Lajtai|first2=László|last3=Demetrovics |first3=Zsolt |last4=Maraz |first4=Aniko|date=2017-06-13|title=Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves |journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=8|page=938|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00938|issn=1664-1078|pmc=5468408|pmid=28659840|doi-access=free}}</ref>
'''Multiplicity''' also sometimes called '''plurality or polypsychism''' is the broad psychological phenomenon in which a body can feature multiple distinct or overlapping consciousnesses, [[Subpersonality|subpersonalities]], or [[Self-concept|self concepts]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=cooper |first=mick |date=1996 |title=MODES OF EXISTENCE: TOWARDS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL POLYPSYCHISM |url=https://study.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/Ch.%203%20-%20Self-plurality%20from%20an%20existential%20perspective.pdf |journal=Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis |volume=7.2 |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The plural self: multiplicity in everyday life |date=1999 |publisher=Sage Publ |isbn=978-0-7619-6076-8 |editor-last=Rowan |editor-first=John |edition=1. publ |location=London |pages=2}}</ref> It has been described as under-researched.<ref name="Ribáry">{{Cite journal |last1=Ribáry |first1=Gergő |last2=Lajtai |first2=László |last3=Demetrovics |first3=Zsolt |last4=Maraz |first4=Aniko |date=2017-06-13 |title=Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=8 |page=938 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00938 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=5468408 |pmid=28659840 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


In personality research, plurality can also be referred to as a [[personality style]] defined as "an individual's relatively consistent inclinations and [[preference]]s across contexts".<ref name="BEYONDDSM">Eriksen, Karen & Kress, Victoria E. (2005). "A Developmental, Constructivist Model for Ethical Assessment (Which Includes Diagnosis, of Course)". ''Beyond the DSM Story: Ethical Quandaries, Challenges, and Best Practices'' . Thousand Oaks, CA: Page Publications. {{ISBN|0-7619-3032-9}}</ref>
In personality research, plurality can also be referred to as a [[personality style]] defined as "an individual's relatively consistent inclinations and [[preference]]s across contexts".<ref name="BEYONDDSM">Eriksen, Karen & Kress, Victoria E. (2005). "A Developmental, Constructivist Model for Ethical Assessment (Which Includes Diagnosis, of Course)". ''Beyond the DSM Story: Ethical Quandaries, Challenges, and Best Practices'' . Thousand Oaks, CA: Page Publications. {{ISBN|0-7619-3032-9}}</ref>
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==History==
==History==


The concept of multiplicity began with 19th century [[Animal magnetism|mesmerist]] who were bewildered by the fact that when they induced magnetic sleep in a person a new life emerged which the subject was unaware existed with some even claiming that this new personality could live a continuous life of its own. This caused the creation of the concept of dipsychism the idea that the human mind was duality.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rowan |first=John |title=Personification Using the Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy and Counselling |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2009 |isbn=9781135151676 |pages=62}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ellenberger |first=Henri |title=The Discovery Of The Unconscious: The History And Evolution Of Dynamic Psychiatry |publisher=Basic Books |year=1989 |isbn=0465016731 |pages=145}}</ref> Dipsychism was later evolved into polypsychism the idea that the human mind was a cluster of subpersonalities which was coined by magnetizer Durand de gros.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Ellenberger |first=Henri |title=The Discovery Of The Unconscious: The History And Evolution Of Dynamic Psychiatry |publisher=Basic Books |year=1981 |isbn=0465016731 |pages=146}}</ref> Polypsyphiscm would continue to play a part in psychology with various people creating there own theories. Including Carl Jung who switched from a dipsychic model to polypsychic model during his lifetime.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stiles |first=Cara |date=2017-03-22 |title=The Interface of Carl Jung and Dissociative Identity Disorder: From Autonomous Complex to Personality |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=15205495&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA520586798&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs |journal=Journal of Heart Centered Therapies |language=English |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=3–23}}</ref>
The concept of multiplicity began with 19th century [[Animal magnetism|mesmerist]]{{Verification failed|date=July 2023}} who were bewildered by the fact that when they induced magnetic sleep in a person a new life emerged which the subject was unaware existed with some even claiming that this new personality could live a continuous life of its own. This caused the creation of the concept of dipsychism the idea that the human mind was duality.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rowan |first=John |title=Personification Using the Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy and Counselling |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2009 |isbn=9781135151676 |pages=62}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ellenberger |first=Henri |title=The Discovery Of The Unconscious: The History And Evolution Of Dynamic Psychiatry |publisher=Basic Books |year=1989 |isbn=0465016731 |pages=145}}</ref> Dipsychism was later evolved into polypsychism the idea that the human mind was a cluster of subpersonalities which was coined by magnetizer Durand de gros.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Ellenberger |first=Henri |title=The Discovery Of The Unconscious: The History And Evolution Of Dynamic Psychiatry |publisher=Basic Books |year=1981 |isbn=0465016731 |pages=146}}</ref> Polypsyphiscm would continue to play a part in psychology with various people creating there own theories. Including Carl Jung who switched from a dipsychic model to polypsychic model during his lifetime.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stiles |first=Cara |date=2017-03-22 |title=The Interface of Carl Jung and Dissociative Identity Disorder: From Autonomous Complex to Personality |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=15205495&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA520586798&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs |journal=Journal of Heart Centered Therapies |language=English |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=3–23}}</ref>


==Plurality in personality research==
==Plurality in personality research==

Revision as of 06:41, 1 July 2023

This redirect is about the psychological concept. For the online subculture loosely based around this concept, see Multiplicity (subculture).

Multiplicity also sometimes called plurality or polypsychism is the broad psychological phenomenon in which a body can feature multiple distinct or overlapping consciousnesses, subpersonalities, or self concepts.[1][2] It has been described as under-researched.[3]

In personality research, plurality can also be referred to as a personality style defined as "an individual's relatively consistent inclinations and preferences across contexts".[4]

History

The concept of multiplicity began with 19th century mesmerist[failed verification] who were bewildered by the fact that when they induced magnetic sleep in a person a new life emerged which the subject was unaware existed with some even claiming that this new personality could live a continuous life of its own. This caused the creation of the concept of dipsychism the idea that the human mind was duality.[5][6] Dipsychism was later evolved into polypsychism the idea that the human mind was a cluster of subpersonalities which was coined by magnetizer Durand de gros.[7] Polypsyphiscm would continue to play a part in psychology with various people creating there own theories. Including Carl Jung who switched from a dipsychic model to polypsychic model during his lifetime.[7][8]

Plurality in personality research

Stephen Braude and Rita Carter use a different definition of personality style, defining "personality style" as "personality" and proposing that a person may have multiple selves and not have any relatively consistent inclinations and preferences in personality. This may happen as an adaptation to a change of environment and role within a person's life and may be consciously adopted or encouraged, in a similar way to acting or role-playing.[9] For example, a woman may adopt a kind, nurturing personality when dealing with her children but change to a more aggressive, forceful personality when going to work as a high-flying executive as her responsibilities change.[10]

Theories and Models of the human mind

Divided Consciousness

Main article:Divided consciousness

Internal Family Systems

Main article:Internal Family Systems Model

See also

References

  1. ^ cooper, mick (1996). "MODES OF EXISTENCE: TOWARDS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL POLYPSYCHISM" (PDF). Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis. 7.2: 1.
  2. ^ Rowan, John, ed. (1999). The plural self: multiplicity in everyday life (1. publ ed.). London: Sage Publ. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-7619-6076-8.
  3. ^ Ribáry, Gergő; Lajtai, László; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Maraz, Aniko (2017-06-13). "Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves". Frontiers in Psychology. 8: 938. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00938. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 5468408. PMID 28659840.
  4. ^ Eriksen, Karen & Kress, Victoria E. (2005). "A Developmental, Constructivist Model for Ethical Assessment (Which Includes Diagnosis, of Course)". Beyond the DSM Story: Ethical Quandaries, Challenges, and Best Practices . Thousand Oaks, CA: Page Publications. ISBN 0-7619-3032-9
  5. ^ Rowan, John (2009). Personification Using the Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy and Counselling. Taylor & Francis. p. 62. ISBN 9781135151676.
  6. ^ Ellenberger, Henri (1989). The Discovery Of The Unconscious: The History And Evolution Of Dynamic Psychiatry. Basic Books. p. 145. ISBN 0465016731.
  7. ^ a b Ellenberger, Henri (1981). The Discovery Of The Unconscious: The History And Evolution Of Dynamic Psychiatry. Basic Books. p. 146. ISBN 0465016731.
  8. ^ Stiles, Cara (2017-03-22). "The Interface of Carl Jung and Dissociative Identity Disorder: From Autonomous Complex to Personality". Journal of Heart Centered Therapies. 20 (1): 3–23.
  9. ^ Stephen E. Braude (1995), First Person Plural: Multiple Personality and the Philosophy of Mind, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 86, ISBN 9780847679966
  10. ^ Carter, Rita (March 2008). Multiplicity: The New Science of Personality, Identity, and the Self. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316115384.

Further reading

  • Ian Hacking (2000). What's Normal?: Narratives of Mental & Emotional Disorders. Kent State University Press. pp. 39–54. ISBN 9780873386531.
  • Jennifer Radden (2011). "Multiple Selves". The Oxford Handbook of the Self. Oxford Handbooks Online. pp. 547 et seq. ISBN 9780199548019.
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