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'''Khalihenna Ould Errachid''' ({{lang-ar|خليهن ولد الرشيد}}; born 23 November 1951) is a [[Moroccans|Moroccan]] [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawi]] politician. He is the president of the [[Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs]] (CORCAS), a government body supporting Morocco's proposed [[Western Sahara Autonomy Proposal|autonomy plan on Western Sahara]].
'''Khalihenna Ould Errachid''' ({{lang-ar|خليهن ولد الرشيد}}; born 23 November 1951) is a [[Moroccans|Moroccan]] [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawi]] politician. He is the president of the [[Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs]] (CORCAS), a government body behind Morocco's proposed [[Western Sahara Autonomy Proposal|autonomy plan on Western Sahara]].


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
=== Early life ===
=== Early life ===
Khalihenna Ould Errachid was born on 23 November 1951 in a tent near [[Laayoune]] within the [[Reguibat]] tribe.<ref name="jeuneafrique">{{cite news |last1=Soudan |first1=François |date=2006-10-02 |title=Le « monsieur Sahara » de M6 |work=Jeune Afrique |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/132297/politique/le-monsieur-sahara-de-m6/ |access-date=2023-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mathias |first=Grégor |date=2021-11-16 |title=La zone grise du Front Polisario ou des Reguibats, un problème sécuritaire pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest ?: |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-securite-globale-2021-3-page-103.htm?ref=doi |journal=Sécurité globale |volume=N° 27 |issue=3 |pages=103–125 |doi=10.3917/secug.213.0103 |issn=1959-6782}}</ref> His father, a respected herdsman in the tribe, was a veteran of a Sahrawi tribal revolt against France during their [[French conquest of Morocco|conquest of Morocco]] in 1937.<ref name="jeuneafrique" /> Interested in politics from a young age, he undertook his superior studies in [[Madrid]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=خليهن ولد الرشيد.. مستقبل البوليساريو |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/programs/today-interview/2006/8/31/%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%87%d9%86-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%88 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=الهاشمي |first=نعمان |date=2010-11-13 |title=خلي هنا ولد الرشيد.. صحراوي في حكومات متعددة |url=https://www.maghress.com/almassae/119937 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=al-Massae}}</ref> In the 1960s, he attended reunions with [[Muhammad Bassiri]] and was part of the [[Zemla Intifada]].<ref name="jeuneafrique" />
Khalihenna Ould Errachid was born on 23 November 1951 in a tent near [[Laayoune]] within the [[Reguibat]] tribe.<ref name="jeuneafrique">{{cite news |last1=Soudan |first1=François |date=2006-10-02 |title=Le « monsieur Sahara » de M6 |work=Jeune Afrique |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/132297/politique/le-monsieur-sahara-de-m6/ |access-date=2023-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mathias |first=Grégor |date=2021-11-16 |title=La zone grise du Front Polisario ou des Reguibats, un problème sécuritaire pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest ?: |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-securite-globale-2021-3-page-103.htm?ref=doi |journal=Sécurité globale |volume=N° 27 |issue=3 |pages=103–125 |doi=10.3917/secug.213.0103 |issn=1959-6782}}</ref> His father, a respected herdsman in the tribe, was a veteran of a Sahrawi tribal revolt against France during their [[French conquest of Morocco|conquest of Morocco]] in 1937.<ref name="jeuneafrique" /> He arrived in school at the age of 9, yet was an academically gifted pupil, and was quickly spotted by the Spanish colonial administration. He attended both elementary school and high school in Laayoune. <ref name="jeuneafrique" />
Interested in politics from a young age, Ould Errachid was a rising nationalist, who attended reunions in his family home organized by [[Muhammad Bassiri]] in the 1960s.<ref name="jeuneafrique" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=خليهن ولد الرشيد.. مستقبل البوليساريو |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/programs/today-interview/2006/8/31/%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%87%d9%86-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%88 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> On June 17, 1970, Bassiri organized a large-scale [[Zemla Intifada|demonstration in Zemla]], a district of Laayoune which Ould Errachid took part in, he witnessed the [[Spanish Legion|Spanish Legion's]] brutal crackdown on the protest which led to a dozen deaths and Bassiri's abduction.<ref name="jeuneafrique" />

After Bassiri's abduction, Khalihenna went into hiding in Laayoune. He was arrested three days later by Spanish colonial authorities but was quickly released on the intervention of his Spanish teachers.<ref name="jeuneafrique" /> After obtaining his baccalaureate and a scholarship, he undertook his superior studies in an industrial engineering school in [[Madrid]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=الهاشمي |first=نعمان |date=2010-11-13 |title=خلي هنا ولد الرشيد.. صحراوي في حكومات متعددة |url=https://www.maghress.com/almassae/119937 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=al-Massae}}</ref><ref name="jeuneafrique" />


=== Political career ===
=== Political career ===

Revision as of 00:40, 4 November 2023

Khalihenna Ould Errachid
خليهن ولد الرشيد
Ould Errachid in 2015
President of the Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office
25 March 2006
MonarchMohammed VI
Mayor of Laayoune
In office
6 June 1983 – 20 June 2009
MonarchsHassan II
Mohammed VI
Member of Parliament
for Laayoune
In office
5 June 1977 – 30 September 2002
Minister in charge of the development of Southern Provinces
In office
11 April 1985 – 30 September 1986
MonarchHassan II
Prime MinisterMohammed Karim Lamrani
Minister in charge of Saharan Affairs
In office
10 March 1977 – 5 October 1981
5 November 1981 – 5 October 1983
30 November 1983 – 11 April 1985
30 September 1986 – 11 August 1992
MonarchHassan II
President of the Sahrawi National Union Party
In office
10 April 1974 – 22 May 1975
Personal details
Born (1951-11-24) 24 November 1951 (age 72)
Laayoune, Seguia el-Hamra, Spanish West Africa
Political partyNational Rally of Independents

Khalihenna Ould Errachid (Template:Lang-ar; born 23 November 1951) is a Moroccan Sahrawi politician. He is the president of the Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs (CORCAS), a government body behind Morocco's proposed autonomy plan on Western Sahara.

Biography

Early life

Khalihenna Ould Errachid was born on 23 November 1951 in a tent near Laayoune within the Reguibat tribe.[1][2] His father, a respected herdsman in the tribe, was a veteran of a Sahrawi tribal revolt against France during their conquest of Morocco in 1937.[1] He arrived in school at the age of 9, yet was an academically gifted pupil, and was quickly spotted by the Spanish colonial administration. He attended both elementary school and high school in Laayoune. [1]

Interested in politics from a young age, Ould Errachid was a rising nationalist, who attended reunions in his family home organized by Muhammad Bassiri in the 1960s.[1][3] On June 17, 1970, Bassiri organized a large-scale demonstration in Zemla, a district of Laayoune which Ould Errachid took part in, he witnessed the Spanish Legion's brutal crackdown on the protest which led to a dozen deaths and Bassiri's abduction.[1]

After Bassiri's abduction, Khalihenna went into hiding in Laayoune. He was arrested three days later by Spanish colonial authorities but was quickly released on the intervention of his Spanish teachers.[1] After obtaining his baccalaureate and a scholarship, he undertook his superior studies in an industrial engineering school in Madrid.[3][4][1]

Political career

In 1974, Ould Errachid started the pro-Spanish Sahrawi National Union Party (PUNS).[5] The PUNS, which had been created with the approval of the Spanish authorities, was the only authorized political party in Spanish Sahara (also in the rest of Spain, except the ruling Falange movement) between 1974 and 1975, had been created to counter the territorial claims from neighbours Morocco and Mauritania, as well as the Sahrawi nationalism Polisario Front, created in 1973.[1]

In April 1975, during a press conference in Paris, Ould Errachid declared that "if it weren't for phosphates, nobody would vindicate the territory. What Morocco seeks is not the Sahrawi welfare, but the exploitation of phosphates. We want independence, and the circumstance is given that in the future state of Western Sahara there are phosphates deposits."[6]

Under Hassan II

During the United Nations visiting mission to Spanish Sahara in May–June 1975, and before the Madrid Agreement, Ould Errachid fled from El Aaiún to Las Palmas, and then took another plane to Morocco. Few days after, on May 19, Ould Errachid declared his allegiance to the King of Morocco, Hassan II in Fez.[7][8] Ould Errachid claims that he helped organize the Green March in 1975.[7] Several sources alleged that he left Western Sahara with between 160,000 and 6,000,000 pesetas taken from a bank account linked to PUNS.[9][10] Under King Hassan II, he was appointed in 1977 as Minister of Saharan Affairs, and later as mayor (President of the Municipal Council) of Laayoune from 1983 until 2006, when he was succeeded by his brother, Moulay Hamdi Ould Errachid.

He was viewed as very close to the King Hassan's right-hand man, the minister of interior Driss Basri, who held responsibility for the Saharan territories, where Polisario waged a guerrilla war against Morocco until the 1991 cease-fire (still in effect, pending final resolution of the conflict).[11] Following the death of King Hassan in 1999, and the dismissal of Basri by the new king Mohammed VI's new government a few years later, Ould Errachid believed his political career was over.[12]

Under Mohammed VI

In 2006, King Mohammed VI created the Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs (CORCAS) to promote Morocco's autonomy plan. As head of the royal council, Khalihenna Ould Errachid made a public comeback, and was featured prominently in Moroccan diplomacy.

Khalihenna Ould Errachid considers the Polisario Front as an obstacle to a peaceful solution due to what he saw as deep dependency on Algeria.[13] The Polisario refuses to acknowledge CORCAS and refuses Morocco's autonomy plan, opting for full independence instead.[14]

In 2008, a transcript from a 2005 Equity and Reconciliation Commission meeting regarding the Western Sahara War was leaked to Al-Jarida al-Oula, during the meeting, Ould Errachid declared that "there are some people [...], about three or four Army officers who have committed what can be called war crimes against prisoners outside the scope of the war" and that "many civilians were thrown from helicopters or buried alive".[15]

See also

Further reading

  • Hodges, Tony (1983), Western Sahara: The Roots of a Desert War, Lawrence Hill Books (ISBN 0-88208-152-7)
  • Pazzanita, Anthony G. and Hodges, Tony (1994), Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara, Scarecrow Press (ISBN 0-8108-2661-5)

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Soudan, François (2006-10-02). "Le « monsieur Sahara » de M6". Jeune Afrique. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  2. ^ Mathias, Grégor (2021-11-16). "La zone grise du Front Polisario ou des Reguibats, un problème sécuritaire pour l'Afrique de l'Ouest ?:". Sécurité globale. N° 27 (3): 103–125. doi:10.3917/secug.213.0103. ISSN 1959-6782. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  3. ^ a b "خليهن ولد الرشيد.. مستقبل البوليساريو". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  4. ^ الهاشمي, نعمان (2010-11-13). "خلي هنا ولد الرشيد.. صحراوي في حكومات متعددة". al-Massae. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  5. ^ Bárbulo, Tomás (2002). La historia prohibida del Sáhara Español. Barcelona: Ediciones Destino / Colección Imago Mundi vol. 21. p. 175. ISBN 978-84-233-3446-9.
  6. ^ "Si no hubiera fosfatos, nadie habría reinvindicado el Sáhara" (in Spanish). ABC Sevilla. 1975-04-23. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  7. ^ a b "President". CORCAS.
  8. ^ "Hassan II recibe al líder fugitivo del PUNS" (in Spanish). EFE. 1975-05-19. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-10-08.
  9. ^ David M. Alvarado Roales (7 December 2012). "Los cismas tras la autonomía saharaui" (in Spanish). Igadi.org (Avui). Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  10. ^ "Sahara: el PUNS se desmorona" (in Spanish). March.es (Informaciones). 20 May 1975. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  11. ^ BROUSKY, Omar. "Que peut faire le Corcas ?". lejournal-hebdo.com. Le Journal Hebdo. Archived from the original on 4 September 2006.
  12. ^ "" Le courage " de la vingt-cinquième heure". Le Journal Hebdo. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  13. ^ "Conférence de presse du Président du Corcas pendant la 2ième session ordinaire du Conseil à Smara". CORCAS.
  14. ^ "SAHARA OCCIDENTAL - ACTUALITES". ARSO.
  15. ^ LMRABET, ALI (2006-06-17). "Un responsable marroquí reconoce crímenes de guerra en el Sáhara". El Mundo.
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