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East River Park

Coordinates: 40°43′03″N 73°58′27″W / 40.71750°N 73.97417°W / 40.71750; -73.97417
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This article is about the park in Manhattan. For the park in Brooklyn, see East River State Park. For the park in Queens formerly known as East River Park, see Astoria Park.

40°43′03″N 73°58′27″W / 40.71750°N 73.97417°W / 40.71750; -73.97417

The promenade along the East River opened in 2010; the Williamsburg Bridge is in the background

East River Park, also called John V. Lindsay East River Park, is 57.5-acre (20 ha) public park located on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, part of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Bisected by the Williamsburg Bridge, it stretches along the East River from Montgomery Street up to 12th Street on the east side of the FDR Drive. Its amphitheater, built in 1941 just south of Grand Street, was reconstructed and was often used for public performances[1] is now demolished. The park includes football, baseball, and soccer fields; tennis, basketball, and handball courts; a running track; and bike paths, including the East River Greenway. Fishing is another popular activity.

The park and the surrounding neighborhood were flooded during Hurricane Sandy in 2012 prompting the city to consider flood mitigation plans that would alter the park. In December 2019, the New York City Council voted to approve the controversial $1.45 billion East Side Coastal Resiliency (ESCR) project, involving the park's complete demolition and subsequent renovation, and is slated for completion in 2026. A New York Harbor Storm-Surge Barrier is also under consideration, which would also demolish and rebuild this and other parks.

History

Conceived in the early 1930s by Robert Moses, East River Park opened on July 27, 1939.[2] Prior to this time, the East River waterfront had been an active shipping yard and later became home to many of the city's poorest immigrants. The park became the largest open green space on the Lower East Side. Since that time, the park has been encroached upon by various developments such as the widening of the FDR Drive and the extension of South Street.[1] Still, the park provides a respite for residents of the Lower East Side, particularly in summer months when there are refreshing breezes from the river.

In 1998, through an agreement with the New York City Parks Department, the Lower East Side Ecology Center became the steward of the park. For 20 years, this local environmental nonprofit has been the park's caretaker and had its offices and education center inside the Fire Boat House, located in the park near the Williamsburg Bridge. Each year the Ecology Center led thousands of volunteers in up-keeping the park, tending to garden beds, and enhancing the park by planting hundreds of thousands of native plants and bulbs.[3]

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the city rebuilt the amphitheater, which had fallen into disrepair. A new soccer field was also built at this time. Companies throughout the U.S. donated materials for the reconstruction, and the project was finished in record time and dedicated to those children who lost parents in the attacks. In December 2001, East River Park was renamed after former New York City Mayor John Lindsay.[4]

In 2008 the City Parks Foundation brought free music, dance, and theater arts programming to the amphitheater in an effort to further engage the surrounding communities in the revitalization of the park. The first performance held was a music concert by Fiery Furnaces which drew an audience of 1,500. KRS-One and Willie Colón also performed in 2008, drawing crowds upward of 3,000 people.

Hurricane Sandy and renovation

Hurricane Sandy flooded the East River Park and the Lower East Side in 2012 prompting the city to consider flood mitigation plans that would alter the park.[5] In June 2013, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) secretary Shaun Donovan launched Rebuild by Design, a competition which called for experts to develop solutions for neighborhoods disproportionately impacted by Hurricane Sandy.[6] Ten of the 150 proposals were selected as finalists, and seven received a total of $930 million in federal grants.[6] The largest grant, totaling $335 million, was given to the "Big U" proposal, a berm surrounding Lower Manhattan.[7] One of the largest segments of the Big U was known as the East Side Coastal Resiliency project (ESCR), and would work to improve the resiliency of East River Park and the surrounding Lower East Side neighborhood.[8] The resulting plan, supported by local residents, elected officials, and advocacy groups, included an 8-foot berm along FDR Drive from East 23rd Street to Montgomery Street, which would decrease the severity of flooding in the surrounded area.[9] From 2015 to 2018 city agencies continued the process of participatory design that the Big U's designers had commenced.[10]

Starting in early 2018 the city underwent a months long internal "value engineering review", in which they met with designers and planners to determine the feasibility of the proposal. A FOIA request for documentation of this review process revealed several obstacles to the original plan, including concerns about flooding and the location of high-voltage Con-Edison power lines.[11] In September 2018 the office of Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that, based on the findings of the internal value engineering review, the proposed berm would be completely removed and the whole park would be raised.[12] The new plan would be faster and less disruptive, moving the bulk of the construction away from residents directly alongside FDR Drive, instead placing the improvements alongside the water. The new plan was referred to by engineers as the "Value Alternative LI-29" plan.” The review determined that this plan would be not only be more effective but also cheaper and faster, a concern that addressed the 2022 deadline associated with HUD funding (now extended to 2023).[11]

Following their announcement, the plan had to be approved by Community Boards 3 and 6, and then the New York City Council . In July 2019, the new plan was presented to Community Board 3 by the Department of Design and Construction (DDC), following several months of public consultation with residents.[13] The City Council typically defers to incumbent councilmembers regarding land-use decisions in their districts;[14] in the East River Park decision, these were councilmembers Margaret Chin of District 1 and Carlina Rivera of District 2. Both councilmembers secured concessions from the city.[15] Original plans called for closing the park entirely from 2020 to 2023,[3] but after protests from residents, the plans were modified in late 2019 to a partial five-year closure.[16] In December 2019, the City Council voted to approve the $1.45 billion ESCR project, which will involve a complete demolition of the park and subsequent renovation that will elevate it by 8 to 10 feet (2.4 to 3.0 m); the project is slated for completion in 2025.[17]

Criticism

Critics of the current renovation plan have voiced concerns over the cost, lack of resident involvement, and destruction of plants (including more than 1,000 mature trees).[17][18] One alternative presented by critics was a plan for storm barriers along the FDR. Community members argue that the park closure will primarily impact low-income NYCHA residents and that the renovation project will leave the Lower East Side especially vulnerable to storm surge during the renovation.[17][18] Supporters of the plan include councilwoman Rivera, other Democratic politicians, and Good Old Lower East Side (GOLES).[19]

In February 2020, a dozen groups and 75 individuals, including members of East River Park Action, sued the city to stop the ESCR based on the grounds that the plan constitutes park alienation and requires approval from the state legislature.[20][21] The judge ruled against opposition groups and in August 2020, the city was given approval to begin park demolition.[22] The demolition began in December 2021,[23] prompting protests and court orders against the work.[24][25] State assemblymember for the district Yuh-Line Niou and incoming city councilman for the Lower East Side and the East Village Christopher Marte expressed support for the protesters.[26][27]

Construction

In early 2022, construction on the southern half of the park commenced, beginning with the demolition of athletic fields, the amphitheater, and a section of the East River Esplinade.[28] The construction project expected to last until 2026, during which time significant sections of the park will be closed.[29]


See also

References

  1. ^ a b "East River Park - Historical Sign". New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
  2. ^ "East River Park Will Open Today". The New York Times. July 27, 1939. p. 16. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  3. ^ a b Hanania, Joseph (January 18, 2019). "To Save East River Park, the City Intends to Bury It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  4. ^ "Mayor Giuliani Signs Bill Renaming Manhattan's East River Park John V. Lindsay/East River Park". Nyc.gov. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  5. ^ Sanders, Anna (October 2, 2019). "East River Park to remain partially open during reconstruction as city changes storm plan again". nydailynews.com. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  6. ^ a b "How a design competition changed the US approach to disaster response". the Guardian. January 18, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  7. ^ Gessen, Keith (May 11, 2021). "New York's First Climate Adaptation Battle Is Here". Curbed. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  8. ^ "Rebuild by Design". HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  9. ^ Kimmelman, Michael (December 2, 2021). "What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  10. ^ Araos, Malcolm (November 9, 2021). "Democracy underwater: public participation, technical expertise, and climate infrastructure planning in New York City". Theory and Society. doi:10.1007/s11186-021-09459-9. ISSN 1573-7853. PMC 8577394. PMID 34776587.
  11. ^ a b Gessen, Keith (May 11, 2021). "New York's First Climate Adaptation Battle Is Here". Curbed. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  12. ^ "Fact Sheet: De Blasio Administration Announces Faster, Updated Plan for East Side Coastal Resiliency". The official website of the City of New York. September 28, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  13. ^ Ricciulli, Valeria (July 12, 2019). "See how NYC wants to protect the Lower East Side from future floods". Curbed NY. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  14. ^ "Industry City and the future of member deference". City & State NY. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  15. ^ "Community Board 3 Approves East River Park Resiliency Plan". East Village, NY Patch. June 25, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  16. ^ Ricciulli, Valeria (October 2, 2019). "East River Park won't be completely closed during flood protection construction". Curbed NY. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  17. ^ a b c Vieth, Lydia (December 9, 2019). "Stemming the Flood: East River Park Resign Approved". Urban Green. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020.
  18. ^ a b Pereira, Sydney (January 24, 2019). "Revamped East Side flood protection plan debated at packed City Council hearing". Curbed. Archived from the original on January 25, 2019.
  19. ^ "East River Park Construction Resumes After City Claims Victory in Lawsuit | The Lo-Down : News from the Lower East Side". Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  20. ^ SHAHRIGIAN, SHANT (February 10, 2020). "Activists sue NYC to keep East River Park open vs. renovated for years". New York Daily News.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ^ Anderson, Lincoln (February 5, 2020). "A dozen groups, 75 individuals sue to stop East River Park resiliency plan". The Village Sun. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020.
  22. ^ Anderson, Lincoln (August 20, 2020). "Judge rules East Side resiliency project can start". The Village Sun.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ Kimmelman, Michael (December 2, 2021). "What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  24. ^ Chang, Sophia (December 11, 2021). "City Demolition Of East River Park Underway In Violation Of Court Order, Protesters Say". Gothamist. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  25. ^ Feldman, Ari Ephraim (December 10, 2021). "City resumes East River Park work despite judge's order". Spectrum News NY1 | New York City. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  26. ^ "Videos: December 11, 2021". East River Park Action via YouTube date=11 December 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |publisher= (help)
  27. ^ Moses, Dean (December 6, 2021). "East River Park activists cuffed for blocking flood protection construction, again". amNewYork. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
  28. ^ "East Side Coastal Resiliency". www1.nyc.gov. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  29. ^ "East Side Coastal Resiliency". www1.nyc.gov. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
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