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Multiplicity (psychology)

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This redirect is about the psychological concept. For the online subculture loosely based around this concept, see Multiplicity (subculture).

Multiplicity, also known as plurality or polypsychism, is the broad psychological phenomenon in which a body can feature multiple personalities.[1][2] In contrast to dissociative identity disorder, the more general phenomenon of identifying as multiple is under-researched.[3]

In personality research, plurality can also be referred to as a personality style defined as "an individual's relatively consistent inclinations and preferences across contexts".[4]

History

The concept of multiplicity began with 19th century mesmerist[5] who were bewildered by the fact that when they induced magnetic sleep in a person a new life emerged which the subject was unaware existed with some even claiming that this new personality could live a continuous life of its own. This caused the creation of the concept of dipsychism the idea that the human mind was duality.[5][6] Dipsychism was later evolved into polypsychism the idea that the human mind was a cluster of subpersonalities which was coined by magnetizer Durand de gros.[7] Polypsyphiscm would continue to play a part in psychology with various people creating their own theories – including Carl Jung, who switched from a dipsychic model to polypsychic model during his lifetime.[7][8]

Plurality in personality research

Stephen Braude and Rita Carter use a different definition of personality style, defining "personality style" as "personality" and proposing that a person may have multiple selves and not have any relatively consistent inclinations and preferences in personality. This may happen as an adaptation to a change of environment and role within a person's life and may be consciously adopted or encouraged, in a similar way to acting or role-playing.[9] For example, a woman may adopt a kind, nurturing personality when dealing with her children but change to a more aggressive, forceful personality when going to work as a high-flying executive as her responsibilities change.[10]

Playing video games has been cited as a context in which people entertain multiplicity.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ cooper, mick (1996). "MODES OF EXISTENCE: TOWARDS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL POLYPSYCHISM" (PDF). Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis. 7.2: 1.
  2. ^ Rowan, John, ed. (1999). The plural self: multiplicity in everyday life (1. publ ed.). London: Sage Publ. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-7619-6076-8.
  3. ^ Ribáry, Gergő; Lajtai, László; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Maraz, Aniko (2017-06-13). "Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves". Frontiers in Psychology. 8: 938. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00938. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 5468408. PMID 28659840.
  4. ^ Eriksen, Karen & Kress, Victoria E. (2005). "A Developmental, Constructivist Model for Ethical Assessment (Which Includes Diagnosis, of Course)". Beyond the DSM Story: Ethical Quandaries, Challenges, and Best Practices. Thousand Oaks, CA: Page Publications. ISBN 0-7619-3032-9
  5. ^ a b Rowan, John (2009). Personification Using the Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy and Counselling. Taylor & Francis. p. 62. ISBN 9781135151676.
  6. ^ Ellenberger, Henri (1989). The Discovery Of The Unconscious: The History And Evolution Of Dynamic Psychiatry. Basic Books. p. 145. ISBN 0465016731.
  7. ^ a b Ellenberger, Henri (1981). The Discovery Of The Unconscious: The History And Evolution Of Dynamic Psychiatry. Basic Books. p. 146. ISBN 0465016731.
  8. ^ Stiles, Cara (2017-03-22). "The Interface of Carl Jung and Dissociative Identity Disorder: From Autonomous Complex to Personality". Journal of Heart Centered Therapies. 20 (1): 3–23.
  9. ^ Stephen E. Braude (1995), First Person Plural: Multiple Personality and the Philosophy of Mind, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 86, ISBN 9780847679966
  10. ^ Carter, Rita (March 2008). Multiplicity: The New Science of Personality, Identity, and the Self. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316115384.
  11. ^ "Multiplicity and Identity Mitigation in Video Games | Nightmare Mode [Archived]". Retrieved 2023-07-02.

Further reading

  • Ian Hacking (2000). What's Normal?: Narratives of Mental & Emotional Disorders. Kent State University Press. pp. 39–54. ISBN 9780873386531.
  • Jennifer Radden (2011). "Multiple Selves". The Oxford Handbook of the Self. Oxford Handbooks Online. pp. 547 et seq. ISBN 9780199548019.
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