NLM CityHopper Flight 431
 The crash site of NLM Flight 431 | |
| Accident | |
|---|---|
| Date | 6 October 1981 |
| Summary | Structural failure in severe turbulence[1]: 183 |
| Site | Moerdijk, near Rotterdam Airport, Netherlands 51°42′N 4°31′E / 51.700°N 4.517°E |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | Fokker F-28-4000 |
| Aircraft name | Eindhoven |
| Operator | NLM CityHopper |
| Registration | PH-CHI |
| Flight origin | Rotterdam Airport |
| Stopover | Eindhoven Airport |
| Destination | Hamburg Airport |
| Occupants | 17 |
| Passengers | 13 |
| Crew | 4 |
| Fatalities | 17 |
| Survivors | 0 |
| Ground casualties | |
| Ground fatalities | 1 |
NLM CityHopper Flight 431 refers to a Fokker F-28-4000, registration PH-CHI, that was due to operate an international scheduled Rotterdam–Eindhoven–Hamburg passenger service. On 6 October 1981, the aircraft encountered a tornado on the first leg, minutes after taking off from Rotterdam Airport, and crashed 15 miles (24 km) south-southeast of Rotterdam. All 17 occupants of the aircraft – 13 passengers and 4 crew members– died in the accident.[1]: 183 [2]
Aircraft and crew
[edit]
The aircraft involved in the accident was a Fokker F28-4000, registration PH-CHI, that was built in 1979 with c/n 11141. At the time of the accident, the airframe had accumulated 4,485 flight hours and 5,997 cycles.[2]
The captain was 33-year-old Jozef Werner, who had been with NLM CityHopper for nearly 11 years. He had 4,900 flight hours, including 309 hours on the Fokker F28. The first officer was 28-year-old Hendrik Schoorl, who had been with the airline for three years and had 2,971 flight hours, with 2,688 of them on the Fokker F28.[3]
Description of the accident
[edit]During the weather briefing 44 minutes before takeoff, the crew was apprised to an area of strong thunderstorms with 3/8 (37.5%) sky coverage of cumulonimbus at a base of 1,200 feet (370 m), south-southwest winds 15 to 25 knots (28 to 46 km/h; 17 to 29 mph) strong, and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) visibility at Rotterdam Airport (IATA: RTM).[2] The aircraft took off at 17:04 CET (UTC +1) from RTM.[2] The crew noted heavy rain in thunderstorms on the airplane's weather avoidance radar at 17:09, receiving clearance to avoid the area.[2] At 17:12 the aircraft entered a tornado while flying through clouds.[2] The weather system the aircraft entered into was apparently the same "tornado-like" system that Zeeland locals described as being responsible for considerable property damage.[4] Meteorologically, these vortices are indeed tornadoes, and the disintegrating airliner was seen exiting cloud cover. A police officer first photographed the tornado, then smoke from the burning plane a few minutes later. An investigation concluded that a sharp increase in altitude registered on the altimeter was not a change in altitude, rather a pressure drop associated with the tornado.[5][6]
Stresses experienced by the airframe owing to severe turbulence[7] resulted in loads of +6.8 g and −3.2 g causing the starboard wing to detach.[2][8] The aircraft was designed for a maximum G-load of up to 4 g.[7] The aircraft spun down into the ground from 3,000 ft (910 m), crashing some 400 m (1,300 ft) from a Shell chemical plant on the southeastern outskirts of Moerdijk.[4] All 17 occupants of the aircraft perished in the accident.[2] While observing the unfolding incident from the ground, a firefighter suffered a fatal cardiac arrest.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b
- Learmount, David (23 January 1982). "Commercial flight safety: 1981 reviewed". Flight International. 121 (3794): 183. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015.
- "Commercial flight safety: 1981 reviewed". Flight International: 184. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015.
- "Commercial flight safety: 1981 reviewed". Flight International: 185. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015.
- "Commercial flight safety: 1981 reviewed". Flight International: 186. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 14 November 2011.
- ^ a b van Tuyl, Johan. "F.28 Fellowship verongelukt bij Moerdijk" [F.28 Fellowship crash at Moerdijk]. AVIACRASH.NL (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ a b "F.28 crashes in bad weather". Flight International: 1127. 17 October 1981. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014.
- ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001). The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 260–1. ISBN 0-8061-3258-2.
- ^ Roach, W.T.; J. Findlater (February 1983). "An Aircraft Encounter with a Tornado". Meteorological Magazine. 112 (1327). London: Meteorological Office: 29–49.
- ^ a b "6 oktober 1981: Vliegtuigcrash Moerdijk" [October 6, 1981: Moerdijk plane crash]. ww5.zero-meridean.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 14 January 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ "F.28 wing loss followed severe turbulence". Flight International: 1124. 17 October 1981. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014.
External links
[edit]
- Airliner accidents and incidents caused by in-flight structural failure
- Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
- Aviation accidents and incidents in the Netherlands
- Aviation accidents and incidents in 1981
- Accidents and incidents involving the Fokker F28
- NLM CityHopper accidents and incidents
- 1981 meteorology
- Deaths in tornadoes
- History of North Brabant
- Moerdijk
- October 1981 events in Europe