Southwestern Front (Russian Empire)
| Southwestern Front Юго-Западный фронт | |
|---|---|
 The headquarters staff of the Southwestern Front, 1917 | |
| Active | 1914–1918 |
| Country |  Russian Empire Ukraine |
| Branch | Russian Imperial Army |
| Role | Army group |
| Size | ~2,000,000 |
| Engagements | World War I |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Nikolai Ivanov Alexei Brusilov Lavr Kornilov |
The Southwestern Front (Russian: Юго-Западный фронт) was an army group[a] of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I as part of the Eastern Front war theater.
During the conflict it was responsible for managing operations along a front line that stretched 615 kilometers across Ukraine, starting from what is now southern Belarus to northern Romania. To its left side (south), there was located Romanian Front which was a joint formation of the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Romania. To its right side (north), there was located Northwestern Front which in 1915 split and Western Front was one that covered right flank of the Southwestern Front. The front was facing primarily against Austro-Hungarian Army and in few operations against Imperial German Army.
In 1917 the headquarters of the Front was located in Berdychiv and later moved west to Rivne.
It was established in August 1914 based on units of the Kiev Military District and the Odessa Military District and lasted throughout the war until the unrest caused by the Russian Revolution, at which point it was demobilized along with the rest of the Russian Army in early 1918. In total some two million troops had been under its command.[1][2]
Operations
[edit]- Battle of Galicia (23 August – 11 September 1914) → Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia
- Siege of Przemyśl (16 September 1914 – 22 March 1915)
- Battle of the Vistula River (29 September – 31 October 1914)
- Battle of Krzywopłoty (17 – 18 November 1914)
- Battle of Limanowa (1 – 13 December 1914)
- Battle of Łowczówek (22 – 25 December 1914)
- Carpathian Front (7 January – 20 April 1915)
- Gorlice–Tarnów offensive (2 May – 13 July 1915)
- Great Retreat (13 July – 19 September 1915)
- Rovno offensive (27 August – 15 October 1915)
- Brusilov offensive (4 June – 20 September 1916)
- Kerensky offensive (1 – 19 July 1917)
- Battle of Krechowce (24 July 1917)
- Operation Faustschlag (18 February – 3 March 1918) → Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- Battle of Bakhmach (8 – 13 March 1918)
- Crimea Operation (13 – 25 April 1918)
Key events
[edit]- Arrest of Generals in Berdychiv (29 August – 27 September 1917)
- Kornilov affair (10 – 13 September 1917) → Bolshevik coup-d'etat
- Assassination of Nikolay Dukhonin in Mogilev
- Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
- Ukrainian–Soviet War (8 November 1917 – 17 November 1921)
Armies deployed on the Southwestern Front
[edit]The following field armies were part of the Southwestern Front.[2]
- 3rd Army (July 1914 – June 1915 and June 1916 – July 1916)
- 19.07.1914 – 03.09.1914 — General of Infantry Nikolai Ruzsky
- 03.09.1914 – 20.05.1915 — General of Infantry Radko Dimitriev
- 03.06.1915 – 03.08.1917 — General of Infantry Leonid Lesh
- 5th Army (July 1914 – September 1914)
- General of Cavalry Pavel Plehve
- 8th Army (July 1914 – August 1917)
- 28.07.1914 – 17.03.1916 — General of Cavalry Aleksei Brusilov
- 23.03.1916 – 29.04.1917 — General of Cavalry Alexey Kaledin
- 29.04.1917 – 10.07.1917 — General of Infantry Lavr Kornilov
- 11.07.1917 – 25.07.1917 — Lieutenant-General Vladimir Cheremisov
- 30.07.1917 – 17.10.1917 — Lieutenant-General Michai Sokownin
- 4th Army (August 1914 – June 1915)
- General of Infantry Alexei Evert
- 9th Army (August 1914 – December 1916 )
- General of Infantry Platon Lechitsky
- 7th Army (October 1914 – early 1918)
- 19 July 1914 – 19 October 1915 — General of Artillery Vladimir Nikolayevich Nikitin
- 19 October 1915 – 11 April 1917 — General of Infantry Dmitry Shcherbachev
- 13 April 1917 – 20 June 1917 — Lieutenant-General Leonid Bielkowicz
- 26 June 1917 – 9 September 1917 — Lieutenant-General Vladimir Selivachyov
- 9 September 1917 – 3 December 1917 — Lieutenant-General Januariusz Cichowicz
- 11th Army (October 1914 – early 1918), created during the Siege of Przemyśl as "Siege Army"
- 21.10.1914 – 05.04.1915 — General of Infantry Andrey Selivanov
- 05.04.1915 – 19.10.1915 — General of Infantry Dmitry Shcherbachev
- 19.10. 1915 – 25.10.1916 — General of Infantry Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov
- 25.10.1916 – 20.12.1916 — General of Infantry Vladislav Klembovsky
- 20.12.1916 – 05.04.1917 — General of Infantry Dimitri Bałanin
- 15.04.1917 – 21.05.1917 — Lieutenant-General Aleksei Gutor
- 25.05.1917 – 04.06.1917 — General of Infantry Ivan Fiedotov
- 04.06.1917 – 09.07.1917 — General of Cavalry Ivan Erdélyi
- 29.04.1917 – 09.09.1917 — General of Infantry Pyotr Baluyev
- 19.07.1917 – 29.08.1917 — Lieutenant-General Fiodor Rerberg
- 09.09.1917 – 01.12.1917 — Lieutenant-General Mikhail Promtov
- Special Army (September 1916 – November 1916 and July 1917 – early 1918)
- 14.08.1916 – 10.11.1916 - General of Cavalry Vasily Gurko
- 10.11.1916 – 17.02.1917 - General of Infantry Pyotr Baluyev
- 17.02.1917 – 31.03.1917 - General of Cavalry Vasily Gurko
- 02.04.1917 – 09.07.1917 - General of Infantry Pyotr Baluyev
- 12.07.1917 – 29.08.1917 - General of Cavalry Ivan Erdélyi
- 29.08.1917 – 14.09.1917 - Acting Major General Vasily Sarychev
- 14.09.1917 – 20.11.1917 - General of Infantry Stepan Stelnitsky
- 11.1917 - Acting Colonel Alexander Ilyich Yegorov
- 20.11.1917 – 13.12.1917 - Lieutenant General Theodore Rerberg
- 13.12.1917 – 19.12.1917 - Lieutenant General Alex Kushakevich
- 12.19.1917 – 03.1918 - Colonel Vladimir Yegoryev
- 1st Army (July 1917 – September 1917)
- Lieutenant General Gleb Vannovsky
- Separate Danube Army
- Separate Czechoslovak Corps
Command
[edit]Commander of the armies of the Southwestern Front
[edit]The commanders of the Southwestern Front were as follows.[2]
| Appointed | Commander | Dismissed |
|---|---|---|
| 19.07.1914 | General of Infantry Nikolai Ivanov | 17.03.1916 |
| 17.03.1916 | General of Cavalry Aleksei Brusilov | 21.05.1917 |
| 22.05.1917 | Lieutenant General Aleksei Gutor | 10.07.1917 |
| 10.07.1917 | General of Infantry Lavr Kornilov | 18.07.1917 |
| 24.07.1917 | Lieutenant General Peter Baluev | 31.07.1917 |
| 02.08.1917 | Lieutenant General Anton Ivanovich Denikin | 29.08.1917 |
| 29.08.1917 | Lieutenant General Fyodor Ogorodnikov | 09.09.1917 |
| 09.09.1917 | Lieutenant General Nikolai Volodchenko | 24.11.1917 |
| 11.1917 | Lieutenant General Nikolai Stogov | 12.1917 |
| 01.1918 | Lieutenant General Vladimir Yegoryev | 02.1918 |
Bolshevik leaders
[edit]| Appointed | Commander | Dismissed |
|---|---|---|
| 12.1917 | Praporshchik Alexander Myasnikov | 01.1918 |
| 01.1918 | Vasily Kikvidze | 02.1918 |
Chiefs of Staff
[edit]| Appointed | Commander | Dismissed |
|---|---|---|
| 19.07.1914 | Lieutenant General Mikhail Alekseyev | 17.03.1915 |
| 23.03.1915 | Lieutenant General Vladimir Dragomirov | 08.05.1915 |
| 08.05.1915 | General of Infantry Sergei Savvich | 13.12.1915 |
| 13.12.1915 | General of Infantry Vladislav Klembovsky | 23.10.1916 |
| 23.10.1916 | Lieutenant General Semyon Sukhomlin | 29.05.1917 |
| 29.05.1917 | Major General Nikolay Dukhonin | 04.08.1917 |
| 04.08.1917 | Lieutenant General Sergey Markov | 29.08.1917 |
| 10.09.1917 | Lieutenant General Nikolai Stogov | 24.11.1917 |
References
[edit]- ^ Оськин М.В. Проблема резерва для генерального наступления русской армии в 1917 г. (in Russian). History Studies. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- ^ a b c Юго-Западный фронт (in Russian). Ria1914.info. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
Notes
[edit]- ^ A "front" is the Russian equivalent of an army group, not to be confused with a geographic theater of operations.
See also
[edit]- List of Imperial Russian Army formations and units
- South-Western Front electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)
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