Büri

Büri
Büri
Born	before 1221; Mongolia
Died	1252; Golden Horde
Battles / wars	Mongol invasion of Europe

Büri (Mongolian: Бүри -ᠪᠦᠷᠢ, Chinese: 不里; pinyin: Bùlǐ, Persian: بورى, d.1252) was a son of Mutukan and a grandson of Chagatai Khan.

Life

Under Ögedei

According to Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Büri's mother was a wife of Chagatai Khan's slave.^[1] Mutukan was attracted by her beauty while she served in the Khan's ger or tent. Mutukan made her pregnant and instead of marrying her, he took her baby, Büri, who was raised by Chagatai after Mutukan's death during the siege of Bamiyan in 1221. He was characterized as a stubborn and brave person, especially when drunk.

At the kurultai in Mongolia after the end of the Mongol-Jin War, the Great Khan Ögedei ordered Batu to conquer western nations. In 1235 Batu, who earlier had directed the conquest of the Crimean Peninsula, was assigned an army of possibly 130,000 to oversee an invasion of Europe. His relatives and cousins Güyük, Büri, Möngke, Khulgen, Khadan, Baidar and notable Mongol generals Subutai, Borolday, and Mengguser joined him by the order of his uncle Ögedei. The army, actually commanded by Subutai, crossed the Volga and invaded Volga Bulgaria in 1236. Büri later joined the campaign of the winter of 1237-1238 - in the first invasion against Russia. On the way back from the Novgorod land to the steppe, the contingents of Kadan and Buri moved east of the main forces, including passing through the Ryazan land a second time during the campaign. At the very beginning of May 1238, the Mongol army approached Kozelsk, which was besieged for the seventh week by the main forces and taken in 3 days.

In the winter of 1239-1240, Buri, along with Möngke, Güyük and Kadan, participated in the 3-month siege of the city of Maghas, which ended in total destruction of the city. However Büri, Güyük and Harqasun (son of Eljigidei) soon began to make fun of Batu and insulted him.^[2] Both Güyük and Buri were recalled by Great Khan Ögedei, and Buri was sent to his grandfather Chagatai.^[3] After a year in Mongolia, he was returned to Batu to participate in the invasion of Europe.

When the Mongols advanced into Central Europe, he ravaged Wallachia. He invaded Burzenland on 31 March 1241, crushing the armies of Pousa, the Voivode of Transylvania.^[4] Further entering the territory of Kingdom of Hungary, Büri captured the town of Kumelburch 5 days later.

Under Töregene, Güyük and Möngke

He went back to Central Asia after Ögedei's death. He brought enslaved German miners and Teutonic Knights put to work in his appanage around Talas.^[5] He was present at Güyük's coronation ceremony on 24 August 1246, representing Chagatai Ulus together with Qara Hülegü, Yesü Möngke, Baidar and Yesünto'a.^[6] After Güyük's death in 1248, he sided with regent Oghul Qaimish khatun. However, he didn't attend the election ceremony of new khagan Möngke. He was captured and sent to Batu by Möngke, who executed him in 1252.

Family

Wives and concubines of Büri aren't known. Name of his children are also subject to debate. For example, his eldest son Qadaqai Setsen (died during second stage of Mongol conquest of Song China - 1251–60) is sometimes shows as Chagatai's own son.^[7] This list follows Boyle's version.^[1]

Abishqa (d. 1252)
Azhiji (d. around 1306) — Commander of Gansu and Hexi under Kublai and Temür Khan, Prince of Weiyuan (威远王)
- Örüg
- Örüg Temür
- Chin Temür
- Ershil
- Princess Huihe (回鹘公主) — married to Öngüt prince Qiu Lincha (丘邻察)
Qadaqai Setsen
- Taliqu — khan (1308-1309)
  - Temür
  - Oradai
  - Tümen
- Bughu
  - Dhul Qarnain
  - Ali
- Buqa Temür — khan (1272–1282)
  - Örüg Temür
  - Öljei
- Buqa
Ahmad (d. 1270) — killed by Baraq's emir Na'uldar
- Baba (d. 1317)
  - Habil Temür
  - Qabil Temür
  - Yulduz Temür
- Sati
  - Töre (d. 1309) — Prince of Yue (越王)
    - Aratnashiri (c. 1331)
    - Darma (c. 1343)

References

^ ^a ^b Boyle 1971, p. 138.
^ Cleaves 1982, p. 215-216.
^ Cleaves 1982, p. 219.
^ Salagean 2016, p. 28.
^ Howorth, Sir Henry Hoyle (1880). History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th Century ...: The so-called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia. Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 87.
^ Ala Ad Din Ata Malik Juvaini (1958). The History Of The World Conqueror Vol I. Universal Digital Library. Harvard University Press. p. 249.
^ Kamola, Stefan (2019). "Untangling the Chaghadaids: Why we should and should not trust Rashīd al-Dīn". Central Asiatic Journal. 62 (1): 69–90. doi:10.13173/centasiaj.62.1.0069. ISSN 0008-9192.

Sources

Boyle, John Andrew (1971), The Successors of Genghis Khan : Translated from the Persian of Rashīd al-Dīn, Columbia University Press
Cleaves, Francis Woodman (1982), The Secret History of the Mongols, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0674796705
Salagean, Tudor (2016), Transylvania in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregational System, BRILL

Bibliography

René Grousset. Empire of Steppes.
Giovanni Di Plano Carpini. Story of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars (Translated by Erik Hildinger. ISBN 0-8283-2017-9.

[FOOTNOTEBoyle1971138-1] Boyle 1971, p. 138.

[FOOTNOTECleaves1982215-216-2] Cleaves 1982, p. 215-216.

[FOOTNOTECleaves1982219-3] Cleaves 1982, p. 219.

[FOOTNOTESalagean201628-4] Salagean 2016, p. 28.

[5] Howorth, Sir Henry Hoyle (1880). History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th Century ...: The so-called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia. Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 87.

[6] Ala Ad Din Ata Malik Juvaini (1958). The History Of The World Conqueror Vol I. Universal Digital Library. Harvard University Press. p. 249.

[7] Kamola, Stefan (2019). "Untangling the Chaghadaids: Why we should and should not trust Rashīd al-Dīn". Central Asiatic Journal. 62 (1): 69–90. doi:10.13173/centasiaj.62.1.0069. ISSN 0008-9192.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]