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British Rail Class 46

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Derby Type 4
British Rail Class 46
A Class 46 at Exeter St Davids in 1976.
Type and origin
Power typeDiesel-electric
BuilderBritish Railways’ Derby Works
Build date1961–1963
Total produced56
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • UIC(1′Co)(Co1′)
 • Commonwealth1Co-Co1
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Wheel diameter3 ft 9 in (1.143 m)
Minimum curve3.5 chains (70 m)
Wheelbase59 ft 8 in (18.19 m)
Length67 ft 11 in (20.70 m)
Width8 ft 10+1⁄2 in (2.71 m)
Height12 ft 10 in (3.91 m)
Loco weight138 long tons (140 t; 155 short tons)
Fuel capacity790 imp gal (3,600 L; 950 US gal)
Prime moverSulzer 12LDA28-B
GeneratorBrush
Traction motorsBrush
MU working★ Blue Star
Train heatingSteam
Train brakesVacuum
Performance figures
Maximum speed90 mph (145 km/h)
Power outputEngine: 2,500 bhp (1,864 kW)
At rail: 1,962 hp (1,463 kW)
Tractive effortMaximum: 55,000 lbf (245 kN)
Brakeforce63 long tons-force (628 kN)
Career
OperatorsBritish Railways
NumbersD138–D193; later 46 001–46 056
Nicknames‘Peak’
Axle load classRoute availability 7
Withdrawn1977–1984
DispositionThree preserved, one wrecked in nuclear flask test already destined for scrap, remainder scrapped

The British Rail Class 46 is a class of diesel locomotive. They were built from 1961 to 1963 at British Railways' Derby Works and were initially numbered D138–D193. With the arrival of TOPS they were renumbered to Class 46. Along with the similar Class 44 and 45 locomotives, they became known as Peaks.

Fifty-six locomotives were built. The first was withdrawn in 1977 and all were withdrawn by the end of 1984.

Overview

The Class 46 design was structurally the same as the preceding Class 45 build, and had the same Sulzer engine, but differed in the fitment of a Brush generator and traction motors, in place of the Crompton Parkinson equipment fitted to the Class 45. Along with the other Sulzer class 44 and 45 designs they are often referred to as "Peaks", so named because the Class 44s were named after mountains.[1][2]

The British Transport Commission decided to cancel the final twenty Class 46 locomotives then on order and invited bids for twenty locomotives of a new Type 4 specification using the Brush electrical equipment intended for the cancelled order. Brush won the contract with what became the Class 47.[3][4]

In common with the other classes of Peak diesel which had the same design, Class 46 locomotives were prone to cracking of the bogie castings. This was due to the stresses of negotiating sharp curves with a bogie of such length, and also because the buffing gear was mounted on the bogie itself and not on the main frame of the locomotive.[5]

Liveries

All Class 46s were delivered in BR Green with a broad horizontal grey stripe on the lower bodyside and small yellow warning panels on the ends. From the late 1960s all were repainted into the corporate image Rail Blue, although repaints carried out at BR depots between works visits did vary and at least D138 (later 46 001) was recorded in Rail Blue with full yellow ends, but retaining the grey stripe on the lower body side.[6]

Naming

46 026 Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry - the only named Class 46.

Unlike the earlier Peak designs, many of which were named, only one class 46 was so graced: D163 (later 46 026) carried the name Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry from new. This engine was nicknamed "The Lady" by both staff and rail fans alike. This name is now carried by the preserved Class 45 number D123 / 45 125.

Detail of 46 026's nameplate.

Operation

Distribution of locomotives,
March 1974[7]
British Rail Class 46 is located in England
BR
BR
GD
GD
LA
LA
Code Name Quantity
BR Bristol Bath Road 22
GD Gateshead 24
LA Laira 10
Total: 56

Whilst seeing intermittent use on freight trains, Class 46s were regular performers on passenger turns, particularly North East-South West, Trans-Pennine and secondary North East-London trains,[2][8] and depot allocations reflected this with locos at Gateshead and Plymouth in 1977[9] giving a typical spread. Long-distance freight workings were common, particularly "clay hoods" carrying china clay from Cornwall to the Stoke-on-Trent area.

For a period around 1980 several Class 46 locomotives were placed into store at Swindon Works. Some were only stored for a few months, but most were reinstated to operational use by the end of 1981.[10]

In the 1980s the remaining locomotives were concentrated at Gateshead depot, and the final booked passenger workings for the class were the dated summer Saturday services Bradford - Weymouth (between Bradford and Birmingham New Street), Newcastle - Plymouth, Newcastle - Blackpool North, and York - Blackpool North.[11] Final official withdrawal of the last 5 locmomotives was on 25 December 1984.[6]

Beyond the operational life, two Class 46s were transferred to departmental stock in December 1984. 46 035 became 97 403 and was named 'Ixion'. It was used for tests into adhesion and had a large red panel painted on the sides in the then-standard departmental livery. 46 045 was renumbered 97 404 and was retained as a source of spare parts for 97 403 as required.[12]

Disposal of Class 46s was almost exclusively carried out at BR works, with Swindon Works doing much of the work along with Derby Works and Doncaster Works. The two exceptions were 46 027 which was cut up at Vic Berrys scrapyard in Leicester, and 46 009 whose final demise is described below.[6]

Nuclear flask crash test

The moment of impact during the nuclear flask test at Old Dalby Test Track, 17 July 1984

On 17 July 1984, 46 009 (formerly D146), hauling three Mark 1 coaches, was deliberately crashed into a "Flatrol" wagon loaded with an empty nuclear waste flask and lying on its side. 46 009 had been adapted so that it could be operated remotely, and also had a camera mounted on the nose to record the impact. At the point when the locomotive hit the flask it was travelling at about 100 mph (160 km/h), and the resulting impact was recorded and later broadcast publicly. The test was carried out on the Old Dalby Test Track and was organised by the CEGB.[13][14][15] The test was intended to demonstrate to the public that there would be no leak of radioactive material in the event of a rail accident involving a train carrying a nuclear waste flask.[13][16]

46 009 was scrapped on site at Old Dalby later the same month by Vic Berry of Leicester. Sister locomotive 46 023 had been the standby locomotive in case 46 009 failed.[17] The flask that was used in this test is on display outside Heysham 1 power station training centre.Images

Preservation

Three of the class have been preserved: 46 010 (formerly D147) at the Great Central Railway (Nottingham), 46 035 Ixion (formerly D172) at Peak Rail owned by the Waterman Railway Trust, and D182 (46 045) which is owned by the Peak Locomotive Company at the Midland Railway – Butterley[18]

In February 1994, D172 became the first privately owned ex-BR diesel to be certified for main line operation.[19]

  • 46 037 at Manchester Victoria (1983)
    46 037 at Manchester Victoria (1983)
  • 46 045 at Walsden (1983)
    46 045 at Walsden (1983)
  • Preserved loco D182 (46 045) at Grosmont (May 2008)
    Preserved loco D182 (46 045) at Grosmont (May 2008)

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Peak to be sold". Railways Illustrated: 36. November 2007.
  2. ^ a b Montague, Keith (1978). The Power of the Peaks. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Co. ISBN 0-902888-99-4.
  3. ^ Introduction to Prototypes Class47.com Retrieved on 31 May 2007
  4. ^ D0260 Lion & The Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Co. Ltd. www.derbysulzers.com Retrieved 30 December 2018
  5. ^ Derrick 2004, p. 32.
  6. ^ a b c Derrick 2004, p. 48.
  7. ^ British Railways Locoshed Book 1974 edition. Shepperton: Ian Allan. 1974. pp. 31–32. ISBN 0-7110-0558-3.
  8. ^ Lund, E (1980). To the last drop. Chesterfield: Longden technical Publications. ISBN 0-9507063-0-2.
  9. ^ British Rail Locoshed Book 1981. Shepperton: Ian Allan Ltd. 1981. p. 26. ISBN 0-7110-1112-5.
  10. ^ Derrick 2004, p. 35.
  11. ^ Webster, Neil; Greaves, Simon; Greengrass, Robert. Loco-hauled travel 1984-5. York: Metro Enterprises Ltd. ISBN 0-947773-00-2.
  12. ^ Derrick 2004, p. 53.
  13. ^ a b Slater, John, ed. (October 1984). "Operation 'Smash Hit'". Railway Magazine. Vol. 130, no. 1002. Sutton, Surrey: Transport Press. pp. 394–5.
  14. ^ Dowler, H. J.; Molyneaux, T. C. K.; Miles, J. C. (1987). "Analysis of the forces on a nuclear fuel transport flask in an impact by a train". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering. 201 (11): 55. doi:10.1243/PIME_PROC_1987_201_007_02. S2CID 111297025.
  15. ^ Coxon, Dave, "CEGB staged collision with Nuclear flask 1985", www.old-dalby.com, archived from the original on 6 December 2005
  16. ^ "Nuclear Flask Train Crash Test - BBC News 1984". www.youtube.com. BBC.[dead YouTube link]
  17. ^ Derrick 2004, p. 44.
  18. ^ "Heritage/Preservation". The Peak Diesel Archive. Peak Diesel Archive. 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  19. ^ Jones, Ben (September 2022). "Breaking the Ban". Trackside Magazine. No. 14. Peterborough: Transport Publishing Network Ltd. pp. 24–29.

Sources

  • Derrick, Kevin (2004). Historic traction in colour : The Peaks. Heritage Traction Series. Vol. 2. Kendal: Nostalgia Road Publications. ISBN 1-903016-41-X.
  • Webb, Brian (1978). Sulzer Diesel Locomotives of British Rail. David & Charles. ISBN 0715375148.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to British Rail Class 46.
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