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Coordinates: 31°49′30″N 35°14′30″E / 31.82500°N 35.24167°E / 31.82500; 35.24167
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[[File:NewAdamBridge2.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Jerusalem Light Rail]] running through Pisgat Ze'ev]]
[[File:NewAdamBridge2.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Jerusalem Light Rail]] running through Pisgat Ze'ev]]
===Antiquity===
===Antiquity===
Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to [[Nablus]] and the [[Galillee]]. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the [[Temple in Jerusalem]].<ref name=jmuni>[http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 Pisgat Ze'ev] [[Jerusalem Municipality]]</ref>
Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to [[Nablus]] and the [[Galillee]]. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the [[Temple in Jerusalem]].<ref name=jmuni>[http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 Pisgat Ze'ev] [[Jerusalem Municipality]]</ref>Three ritual baths from the [[Second Temple]] period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref>[http://bgu.academia.edu/YonatanAdler/Papers/169435/Second_Temple_Period_Ritual_Baths_Adjacent_to_Agricultural_Installations_The_Archaeological_Evidence_in_Light_of_the_Halakhic_Sources Second Temple Period Ritual Baths Adjacent to Agricultural Installations]</ref>


The [[Byzantine]] period saw the villages' primary use shift from agriculture to service religious functions, such as churches and monasteries. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an [[oil press]] and a cloth bag of 200 coins.<ref name=jmuni/> An oven and pots from the [[Iron Age]] were also found nearby.<ref name=jmuni/>
In the [[Byzantine]] period, churches and monasteries were built in the area. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an [[oil press]] and a cloth bag of 200 coins.<ref name=jmuni/> An oven and pots from the [[Iron Age]] were also found nearby.<ref name=jmuni/>
⚫
An archaeological site known as ''Deir Ghazali'' (the Deer Monastery) was excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.<ref>[http://www.iaa-conservation.org.il/Projects_Item_eng.asp?site_id=3&subject_id=10&id=126 Heritage conservation in Israel:Maintaining Antiquities Sites in the Western Part of the City]</ref>


⚫
Overlooking the neighborhood is [[Tell el-Ful]], believed to be the capital of the [[Tribe of Judah]] and site of the Israelite King [[Saul]]'s palace. In the 1960s, King [[Hussein of Jordan]] began construction on a [[Royal Palace, Tell el-Ful|royal palace]] there.<ref name=jmuni/>
⚫
An archaeological site known as ''Deir Ghazali'' (the Deer Monastery) was also excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.<ref>[http://www.iaa-conservation.org.il/Projects_Item_eng.asp?site_id=3&subject_id=10&id=126 Heritage conservation in Israel:Maintaining Antiquities Sites in the Western Part of the City]</ref>

⚫
Overlooking the neighborhood is [[Tell el-Ful]], believed to be the capital of the [[Tribe of Judah]] and site of the Israelite King [[Saul]]'s palace. King [[Hussein of Jordan]] also began [[Royal Palace, Tell el-Ful|constructing a palace]] there.<ref name=jmuni/>


===Modern era===
===Modern era===

Revision as of 09:03, 5 April 2012

View of Pisgat Ze'ev Mall (left) and Community Center (right foreground) on Moshe Dayan Boulevard
Map showing Pisgat Ze'ev and other Jewish (in blue) and Arab (in green) localities in East Jerusalem and the West Bank; the 1949 armistice line is in green, the boundary of East Jerusalem in red, and the pre-1967 border of the East Jerusalem Municipality in brown.

Pisgat Ze'ev (Template:Lang-he, lit. Ze'ev's Peak) is an Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem[1] and the largest residential neighborhood in Jerusalem with a population of over 50,000.[2] Pisgat Ze'ev was established by Israel as one of the city's five ring neighborhoods on land it annexed after the 1967 Six Day War. The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[3]

Pisgat Ze'ev is situated to the east of the Palestinian villages of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp.

History

Pisgat Ze'ev
Jerusalem Light Rail running through Pisgat Ze'ev

Antiquity

Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to Nablus and the Galillee. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the Temple in Jerusalem.[4]Three ritual baths from the Second Temple period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.[5]

In the Byzantine period, churches and monasteries were built in the area. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an oil press and a cloth bag of 200 coins.[4] An oven and pots from the Iron Age were also found nearby.[4] An archaeological site known as Deir Ghazali (the Deer Monastery) was excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.[6]

Overlooking the neighborhood is Tell el-Ful, believed to be the capital of the Tribe of Judah and site of the Israelite King Saul's palace. In the 1960s, King Hussein of Jordan began construction on a royal palace there.[4]

Modern era

In the 1930s, plots of land were purchased near Hizme by European Jews for the establishment of a Jewish farming cooperative, Havatzelet Binyamin. Most of the landowners died in the Holocaust.[7]In 1982, Pisgat Ze'ev was established on this land, along with other expropriated property, to create a contiguous link with Neve Yaakov, which had been isolated from other Jewish neighborhoods. The original name proposal was "Pisgat Tal," based on the Arabic name of the hilltop, Ras at-Tawill, but the final choice was Pisgat Ze'ev, after the Revisionist Zionist leader, Ze'ev Jabotinsky.[8]

In May 2003, a public bus leaving the Pisgat Ze'ev terminus was blown up by a Palestinian suicide bomber. Seven people were killed in the attack and dozens were wounded. The police said the bomber boarded the bus disguised as a religious Jew, wearing a kippa and a prayer shawl.[9] One of the victims was a resident of the Shuafat refugee camp, on his way to work at the Hadassah Medical Center in Ein Kerem.[10]

Geography

Great Synagogue, Pisgat Ze'ev
Jerusalem Light Rail
Red Line
Legend
 Neve Yaakov
Yitzhak Tabenkin
Mazal Keshet
Moshe Dayan North
Heil Ha-Avir
Sayeret Dukhifat
Pisgat Ze'ev Center
Yekuti'el Adam
Beit 'Hanina
Shu'afat
Es-Sahl
Depot
 Giv'at Ha-Mivtar
Ammunition Hill
Shim'on Ha-Tsadik
Shivtei Israel
Damascus Gate
City Hall
Jaffa Center
Ha-Davidka
Mahane Yehuda
Ha-Turim
Central Bus Station Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station Jerusalem central bus station
Kiryat Moshe
He-'Halutz
Denia Square
Yefeh Nof
Mount Herzl
Shmaryahu Levin
Kiryat HaYovel West
Mifletzet Park
Henrietta Szold East
Kiryat Menachem
Ora Junction
Medical School
Hadassah Ein Kerem

The core of the neighborhood was established on a hilltop 772 meters above sea level. Other sections were built along the ridge and up a neighboring hill. Pisgat Ze'ev has five districts: Center (1984), West (1988), East and North (1990), and South (1998). Pisgat Ze'ev is situated in north Jerusalem to the east of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of French Hill, 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp. It is due east of the watershed on the edge of the Judean Desert.

Demographics

Many residents of Pisgat Ze'ev are Jerusalem families that left the city center in search of more affordable housing. Pisgat Ze'ev has a mixed population of religious and secular Jews.[4] The construction of the Israeli security fence has also prompted Arabs to move to Pisgat Ze'ev.[11]In 2007, 1,300 Arabs citizens were living in the neighborhood.[12]

Status under international law

The international community considers Israeli settlements a violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention.[13] Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.[14][15]

Schools and public buildings

With 40 percent of the residents under the age of 21, Pisgat Ze'ev has 58 kindergartens, 9 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 3 high schools. There are also 22 synagogues and 2 libraries.

Transportation

Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, Moshe Dayan Boulevard, begins at Highway 1 in the south and ends in Neve Yaakov in the north. Several streets in Pisgat Ze'ev are named for Israel Defense Force units and Israeli generals. It is linked to downtown Jerusalem by a direct freeway, Jerusalem Road 1 (National Highway 60), and by the Red Line of the Jerusalem Light Rail.[16]

Environmental projects

With the help of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI), the residents of Pisgat Ze'ev transformed a 5-acre (20,000 m2) site used as an illegal dumping ground into a wildflower sanctuary with over 55 species of trees and plants.[17]In 2011, an innovative water-recycling project was introduced at the ritual bath in Pisgat Ze’ev which will make it unnecessary to change the water every day. [18]In 2011, rainwater collection tanks were installed at the Pisgat Ze'ev (West) school in a project designed to conserve water organized by the Green Network, which specializes in educational programming in ecology and the environment.[19]

Pisgat Ze'ev East

See also

References

  1. ^ Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan (2009). The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel. ProQuest. ISBN 1109115202, 9781109115208. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  2. ^ Pisgat Ze'ev at GoJerusalem.com
  3. ^ "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d e Pisgat Ze'ev Jerusalem Municipality
  5. ^ Second Temple Period Ritual Baths Adjacent to Agricultural Installations
  6. ^ Heritage conservation in Israel:Maintaining Antiquities Sites in the Western Part of the City
  7. ^ Much of Pisgat Ze'ev built on land bought by Jews who died in the Holocaust, Haaretz
  8. ^ "Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev". Jerusalem Municipality. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  9. ^ Silver, Eric (2003-05-19). "Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus". The Independent. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  10. ^ Sedan, Gil (2003-05-23). "Rich, poor, Arab, Jew — Terror kills without prejudice". Jweekly.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  11. ^ Mitnick, Joshua (2006-05-08). "Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  12. ^ Holy city twist: Arabs moving into Jewish areas
  13. ^ The settlers' struggle BBC News. 19 December 2003
  14. ^ Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45
  15. ^ Opinion of the International Court of Justice B'Tselem
  16. ^ Light railway draws Jerusalem's disparate population]]
  17. ^ SPNI Jerusalem
  18. ^ 3Pisgat Ze’ev mikve to get recycled-water system in August
  19. ^ Conserving Rain Water in Jerusalem

31°49′30″N 35°14′30″E / 31.82500°N 35.24167°E / 31.82500; 35.24167

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