Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Zuttiyeh.jpg|thumb|180px|Entrance to Zuttiyeh cave, Galilee]] |
[[File:Zuttiyeh.jpg|thumb|180px|Entrance to Zuttiyeh cave, Galilee]] |
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[[File:IMJ view 20130115 192522.jpg|thumb|180px|Galilee skull, Israel Museum<ref name="IMPE" />]] |
[[File:IMJ view 20130115 192522.jpg|thumb|180px|Galilee skull, Israel Museum<ref name="IMPE" />]] |
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'''Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh''' ("Cave of the Robbers") <ref>[http://pages.nycep.org/ed/download/pdf/NMG%2043.pdf A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the frontal and zygomatic bone of the Zuttiyeh fossil from Israel]</ref> is a prehistoric archaeology site in [[Galilee]], [[Israel]].<ref>[http://pfpuech.newsvine.com/_news/2011/12/17/9517047-the-zuttiyeh-specimen-from-israel-galilee-skull The Zuttiyeh specimen from Israel, Galilee Skull]</ref> It is situated 0.8 km from the [[Nahal |
'''Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh''' ("Cave of the Robbers") <ref>[http://pages.nycep.org/ed/download/pdf/NMG%2043.pdf A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the frontal and zygomatic bone of the Zuttiyeh fossil from Israel]</ref> is a prehistoric archaeology site in [[Galilee]], [[Israel]].<ref>[http://pfpuech.newsvine.com/_news/2011/12/17/9517047-the-zuttiyeh-specimen-from-israel-galilee-skull The Zuttiyeh specimen from Israel, Galilee Skull]</ref> It is situated 0.8 km from the [[Nahal Amud]] outlet, approximately 30 m above the wadi bed (148 m below sea level). It was found to house a fossil today known as the "Galilee skull," the first ancient fossilised [[hominid]] found in [[Western Asia]]. The skull's taxonomy is that of ''[[H. heidelbergensis]]''.<ref name="Cartmill-Smith">{{Cite book |title=The Human Lineage |author=Cartmill, Matt and Smith, Fred H. |url=http://books.google.co.il/books?id=5TRHOmTUTP4C&pg=PA320&lpg=PA320&dq=zuttiyeh&source=bl&ots=WA-bnv65zs&sig=jRwGDBH1baE53BjKCWk6aZm65yA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x5FlT6ffHcSX1AXEldW-CA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=zuttiyeh&f=false |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2009 |isbn=0471214914 |accessdate=2013-3-1}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Zuttiyeh cave is at the opening of a limestone ravine where Nahal Amud turns eastward, 250 meters above a smaller cave known as Mugharet el-Emireh (Cave of the Princess).<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2844188?uid=3738240&uid=2129&uid=2134&uid=377779683&uid=377779673&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=60&sid=21101824468181 The Mugharet el-Emireh in Lower Galilee: Type-Station of the Emiran Industry, [[Dorothy Garrod]]]</ref> |
Zuttiyeh cave is at the opening of a limestone ravine where Nahal Amud turns eastward, 250 meters above a smaller cave known as Mugharet el-Emireh (Cave of the Princess).<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2844188?uid=3738240&uid=2129&uid=2134&uid=377779683&uid=377779673&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=60&sid=21101824468181 The Mugharet el-Emireh in Lower Galilee: Type-Station of the Emiran Industry, [[Dorothy Garrod]]]</ref> |
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Similarities with [[Zhoukoudian]] remains suggest a possible ancestral relationship.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8333489 Zuttiyeh face: A view from the East]</ref> The Galilee skull is presently housed in one of Jerusalem's foremost cultural institutions, the [[Israel Museum]].<ref name="IMPE">{{Cite web |title=The Israel Museum Permanent Exhibitions: Archaeology Wing – The Dawn of Civilization |id=Skull (cast) Zuttiyeh Cave Lower Palaeolithic |url=http://www.imj.org.il/imagine/galleries/viewItemE.asp?case=1&itemNum=359979 |publisher=The Ridgefield Foundation |location=New York |year=1995 |accessdate=2013-03-13}}</ref> |
Similarities with [[Zhoukoudian]] remains suggest a possible ancestral relationship.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8333489 Zuttiyeh face: A view from the East]</ref> The Galilee skull is presently housed in one of Jerusalem's foremost cultural institutions, the [[Israel Museum]].<ref name="IMPE">{{Cite web |title=The Israel Museum Permanent Exhibitions: Archaeology Wing – The Dawn of Civilization |id=Skull (cast) Zuttiyeh Cave Lower Palaeolithic |url=http://www.imj.org.il/imagine/galleries/viewItemE.asp?case=1&itemNum=359979 |publisher=The Ridgefield Foundation |location=New York |year=1995 |accessdate=2013-03-13}}</ref> |
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Many of Turville-Petre's findings were housed at the [[Rockefeller Museum]], then on the [[Jordanian occupation of the West Bank|Jordanian]] side of [[Jerusalem]]. <ref>[http://books.google.co.il/books?id=yLxQWOgfiK0C&pg=PA407&lpg=PA407&dq=turville+petre+rockefeller+museum&source=bl&ots=IQVoZSGzaq&sig=2kYOS22t1tuqJyX_kw3bF0FPUOE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XYRBUYmqAcHX4ASO-oHgDw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=turville%20petre%20rockefeller%20museum&f=true Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists, Getzel M. Cohen, Martha Joukowsky]</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 08:09, 14 March 2013
Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh ("Cave of the Robbers") [2] is a prehistoric archaeology site in Galilee, Israel.[3] It is situated 0.8 km from the Nahal Amud outlet, approximately 30 m above the wadi bed (148 m below sea level). It was found to house a fossil today known as the "Galilee skull," the first ancient fossilised hominid found in Western Asia. The skull's taxonomy is that of H. heidelbergensis.[4]
Geography
Zuttiyeh cave is at the opening of a limestone ravine where Nahal Amud turns eastward, 250 meters above a smaller cave known as Mugharet el-Emireh (Cave of the Princess).[5]
History
The cave was excavated in 1925-1926 by Francis Turville-Petre.[4]It was the first paleontological excavation in the region.[6] Turville-Petre discovered a skull, referred to as the Galilee skull, that was initially described as the second Neanderthal-like specimen. It was originally attributed to a Mousterian level and is now thought to be from an earlier Acheulo-Yabrudian complex. Later studies showed that the face was relatively flat, with no evidence of Neanderthal-like facial prognathism.[4]
The frontal bone and part of the upper face were found in the Mugharan level, which leads to an estimate of the age of the fossil to range from 300-200 Ka BP.
Similarities with Zhoukoudian remains suggest a possible ancestral relationship.[7] The Galilee skull is presently housed in one of Jerusalem's foremost cultural institutions, the Israel Museum.[1]
Many of Turville-Petre's findings were housed at the Rockefeller Museum, then on the Jordanian side of Jerusalem. [8]
See also
References
- ^ a b "The Israel Museum Permanent Exhibitions: Archaeology Wing – The Dawn of Civilization". New York: The Ridgefield Foundation. 1995. Skull (cast) Zuttiyeh Cave Lower Palaeolithic. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
- ^ A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the frontal and zygomatic bone of the Zuttiyeh fossil from Israel
- ^ The Zuttiyeh specimen from Israel, Galilee Skull
- ^ a b c Cartmill, Matt and Smith, Fred H. (2009). The Human Lineage. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471214914. Retrieved 2013-3-1.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ The Mugharet el-Emireh in Lower Galilee: Type-Station of the Emiran Industry, Dorothy Garrod
- ^ Excavations in Wadi Amud
- ^ Zuttiyeh face: A view from the East
- ^ Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists, Getzel M. Cohen, Martha Joukowsky
Further reading
- Marta Mirazón Lahr, The evolution of modern human diversity: a study of cranial variation
- Eric Delson, Ian Tattersall, John A. Van Couvering, Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory