View source for 史

{{also|吏|更}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=5}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=30|rad=口|as=02|sn=5|four=50006|canj=LK|ids=⿻口乂}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[㳏]], [[鉂]], [[駛]]([[驶]]), [[𫢓]], [[𫩢]], [[𡶈]], [[𣐳]], [[𥑏]], [[𭨮]], [[𧲬]], [[𩰡]], [[𪗧]], [[𫙓]], [[𮍸]], [[𭨡]], [[𪀎]], [[𨽄]], [[𩂝]], [[𣬐]], [[𭉅]], [[𪠷]], [[𭆾]]}}
* {{l|mul|[[𰁈]], [[𰓐]], [[𰥶]], [[𰶽]], [[𰛘]], [[𰝓]], [[𰑗]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0173.030|dkj=03249|dj=0384.040|hdz=10571.020|uh=53F2}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|alt=㕜}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}

{{liushu|p}} – {{och-l|又|hand}} holding a fountain pen resembling {{och-l|中}}

===Etymology===
;"to send, to employ, to cause"
:Causative derivation of {{och-l|理|tr=rəʔ}} "envoy ({{w|Zuozhuan|Zuo}})" , "jail-official" ({{w|Guanzi}}), "[[matchmaker|marriage go-between]]", which is perhaps the same word as {{och-l|理|tr=rəʔ}} "to administer" {{zh-ref|(Schuessler 2007)}}; the sense "scribe, historian" is derived from this.

;"scribe, historian"
:Possibly from {{der|zh|aav}}; {{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}} compared {{och-l|理}}, {{och-l|吏|official}}, {{och-l|史|scribe, historian}}, and {{och-l|使|ambassador}} to {{cog|okz|re||to move, change position}} & its derivatives {{cog|okz|pre||to send, order, assign, appoint, delegate, use, employ, make}}, in turn related to {{m|okz|paṃre||to serve; service, duty; servant, delegate, representative, minister}}; with Sino-Tibetan causative *''s-'' corresponding to Khmer causative *''p-''.
:Alternatively, {{zh-ref|Unger (1990)}} and {{zh-ref|Starostin & Peiros (1996)}} derived {{och-l|史}} "scribe, secretary" from {{och-l|理}} "to mark, to draw lines", which, while cognate with {{cog|bo|འབྲི||to write, to draw}}, apparently never meant "to write, to record".

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=shǐ
|m-s=
|dg=сы3
|c=si2
|c-t=lhu2
|g=si3
|h=pfs=sṳ́;gd=si3
|j=si2
|mb=sǔ
|md=sṳ̄
|mn=xm,zz,tw:sú/qz:sír/ph:sí/sái
|mn_note=sír/sú/sí - literary; sái - vernacular
|mn-t=se2/su2
|mn-t_note=su2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai
|px=pt,xy:so3
|w=sh:5sy
|x=shr3
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=n,pn
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[history]]
#: {{zh-co|^歐洲 史|European history}}
#: {{zh-co|近代史|modern '''history'''}}
#: {{zh-co|史無前例|unprecedented|lit=no precedent in history}}
# {{lb|zh|historical}} [[court]] [[historian]]; [[scribe]]
#* {{zh-x|動 則 左史 書 之，言 則 右史 書 之。|His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.|ref=Liji}}
#* {{zh-x|^董 ^狐，古 之 良史 也，書法 不 隱。|Dong Hu was a good '''historiographer''' of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.|ref=Zuozhuan}}
# [[historical]] [[record]]; [[book]] recording [[history]]
#: {{zh-co|正史|official historical records}}
#: {{zh-co|《二十四史》|''{{w|Twenty-Four Histories}}''}}
# {{surname|zh}}
#: {{zh-co|^史 ^可-法|{{w|Shi Kefa|'''Shi''' Kefa}}}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|三史|二十五史|二十六史|二十四史|五代史|令史|仿連史紙|佞史|信史|修史|儒林外史|元史|元祕史|內史|六經皆史|別史|刺史|刺史天|北史|南史|南史氏|口述歷史|古史|史不絕書|史乘|史冊|史前史|史前時代|史可法|史奴比|史學|史官|史家|史密斯|史實|史思明|史懷哲|史文赫丁|史料|史晨碑|史書|史游|史無前例|史特勞斯|史瓦濟蘭|史筆|史籀|史籀篇|史籍|史蒂芬生|史記|史評|史詩|史賓塞|史跡|史迪威|史通|史達林|史遷|史部|史鈔|史鑑|史館|史魚|史鰌|右史|名垂青史|名標青史|唯物史觀|四史|國別史|國史|國史館|地球史|外史|大掾史|大柱史|太史|太史令|太史公|女史|安史之亂|宋史|將兵長史|小史|左史|左圖右史|廌史|御史|御史大夫|御史臺|御史雨|思想史|戰史|才如史遷|政治史|教育史|文史|文學史|新五代史|新元史|斷代史|書史|有史以來|朝經暮史|枕經藉史|柱下史|樂史|正史|病史|歷史|歷史劇|歷史名詞|歷史學|歷史小說|歷史年表|歷史文學|歷史時代|歷史線圖|歷史觀|歷史語詞|歷史重演|民生史觀|津史|清史稿|漁經獵史|班史|現代史|琴史|畫史|監察御史|眉史|瞽史|石刻史料|研經鑄史|硯史|祕史|祝史|私史|稗史|稗官野史|穢史|經史子集|經史笥|經濟史觀|編年史|繡衣御史|繹史|羅曼史|美術史|腐史|舊五代史|良史|花史|荷馬史詩|蕭史|藏室史|蘭臺令史|西洋史|詠史詩|詩史|講史|豔史|路史|近世史|通史|連史紙|野史|金史|鐵面御史|長史|開化史|雜史|青史|青史傳名|青史名留|青史流芳|青史留名|韻史|麟史|史祠|史撥尼克<tr:si2 but6 nei4 hak1>|史萊姆}}

==Japanese==
{{ja-kanjitab}}

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=4|rs=口02}}

# [[record]], [[recording]]
# [[history]]

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=し
|kanon=し
|on=じ
|kun=ふひと-, ふびと-, ふみ-, さかん
}}

===Proper noun===
{{ja-pos|proper|ひろし}}

# {{given name|ja|male}}

{{cln|ja|male given names|sort=ひろし}}

==Korean==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ko|ltc|sort=사|-}} {{ltc-l|史}}.
{{hanja-ety
|dk={{okm-l|ᄉᆞᆼ〯|sǒ}}
|m={{okm-l|ᄉᆞ〯|sǒ}}
|mh={{okm-l|[[ᄉᆞ긔|ᄉᆞ〯긧〮]]<!--史記-->|sǒkúy-s}}
|ml=儒學#상34B
}}

===Pronunciation===
{{ko-hanja-pron|사|l=y}}

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|사기(史記)|사}}

# {{hanja form of|사|[[history]]|noun, suffix}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
* {{ko-l|역사|歷史}}
* {{ko-l|사상|史上}}
* {{ko-l|사적|史跡}}
* {{ko-l|사적|史的}}
* {{ko-l|사학|史學}}
* {{ko-l|국사|國史}}
* {{ko-l|역사|歷史}}
{{der-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|1072}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=[[sử]]|rs=口02}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=口02}}