View source for 吃

{{also|喫}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=6}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=30|rad=口|as=03|sn=6|four=68017|canj=RON|ids=⿰口乞}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0174.170|dkj=03280|dj=0387.100|hdz=10579.050|uh=5403}}

==Chinese==

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
[[phonosemantic|Phono-semantic]] compound {{m|zh|形聲|}}: semantic {{m|zh|口|}} + phonetic {{m|zh|乞|}} (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Its original meaning is "to stutter", hence, the phonetic component could add part of the meaning since it has the phonetically borrowed meaning of "begging" (i.e., trying to talk but with difficulties).

According to folk etymologies, [[乞]] in this character indicates that, while stuttering, less air comes from the mouth (compare [[气]], which has more traits). However, 乞 is simply a variant of 气, it originally meant "air" and was later borrowed to indicate "begging", therefore it didn't mean "less air; to stutter" or similar words and expressions.
{{zh-wp}}

===Etymology 1===
{{zh-forms|t2=喫|alt=吔-Cantonese:jaak3}}
{{rfe|zh|how are the different pronunciations related? to stutter > to eat one's sounds (Schuessler, 2007)? STEDT seems to relate "to eat" to *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s (EAT / FOOD / FEED / RICE)}}

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=chī
|m-s=ci2
|m-x=chǐ
|m-nj=chii̊q
|dg=чы1
|c=hek3,jaak3
|c_note=jaak3 - colloquial
|c-t=hiak1
|h=gd=cêd5
|g=qiah6
|g_note=Often written as {{lang|zh|喫}}
|j=ceh4
|mn=xm,qz,zz:khit/xm:khek/qz:khiak
|mn-t=ngeg4
|w=sh,sz:7chiq;hz:7chioq
|x=qia6
|mc=
|ma=y
|cat=v
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# to [[eat]]; to [[consume]]
#: {{zh-x|他 很 喜歡 吃飯。|He loves to '''eat'''.}}
#: {{zh-x|你 吃飯 了 嗎？|Have you eaten? (also a greeting)}}
#: {{zh-x|你 吃 過 飯 嗎？|Have you eaten? (also a greeting)}}
#: {{zh-x|儂 飯 吃 過 了 𠲎？|tr=sh:6non&6ve&7chiq ku leq vaq|Have you eaten? (also a greeting)|SH}}
#* {{zh-x|排 排 坐，吃 果果。|Let's sit together and '''eat''' fruits.|C|ref={{lang|zh|《排排坐》}}, traditional children's song}}
#: {{zh-x|'''喫{jaak3}''' 屎 啦 你！|'''Eat''' shit!|C}}
#* {{quote-song|zh|year=1978|lyricist={{lw|zh|許冠傑}}, {{lw|zh|黎彼得}}|composer=|title=zh:應該要自愛|album={{lw|zh|賣身契 (許冠傑專輯)|賣身契}}|url=|artist=zh:許冠傑}}
#*: {{zh-x|誰 願意 將來 餐 餐 '''喫{jaak3}''' 白菜|Who wishes to '''eat''' cabbage every meal for the rest of their life?|C}}
# to [[live on]]
# to [[suffer]]; to [[endure]]; to [[bear]]
#: {{zh-x|吃苦|to endure hardship}}
#: {{zh-x|吃虧|to suffer losses, to be at a disadvantage}}
#: {{zh-x|他 胸口 吃 了 一 槍。|He '''took''' a bullet in the chest.}}
# to [[exhaust]]; to [[be]] a [[strain]]
#: {{zh-x|@Chrome 吃 內存。|Chrome is a memory '''hog'''.}}
# to [[drink]]
# {{lb|zh|board games}} to [[capture]]
# {{lb|zh|mahjong}} to [[chow#Etymology 3|chow]]
# to [[accept]]
#* {{quote-song|zh|year=2023|artist=w:zh:魏浚笙<t:{{w|Jeffrey Ngai}}>|lyricist=w:zh:黃偉文<t:{{w|Wyman Wong}}>|composer=w:zh:王菀之<t:{{w|Ivana Wong}}>|title=我的世界地圖|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IVDrinlhDs}}
#*: {{zh-q|年輕{hing1} 一 輩　如果 只 吃 前人 預設 那 一 套　再 沒 前路|If the younger generation simply '''accepts''' the default methods of those who came before, there will be no more future ahead|C-LIT}}

=====Usage notes=====
* In Cantonese, {{l|yue|食|tr=sik<sup>6</sup>}} is the most common term for "eating" and {{l-self|zh|吔|tr=jaak<sup>3</sup>}} is considered less polite than the former.
* When playing mahjong, a player may say this word as a call when forming a chow on another player's discard.

=====Synonyms=====
* {{s|to eat}} {{zh-l|食用}}
{{zh-dial}}
* {{s|to drink}}
{{zh-dial|喝}}
* {{s|to capture}}
{{zh-dial|吃-3}}
* {{s|to chow}}
{{zh-dial|吃-2}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|wuh|qe}}
* {{desc|ja|-|bor=1}} {{ja-r|吃|チー}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|吃白飯|吃白眼|吃敗仗|吃飽|吃飽了撐的|吃閉門羹|吃不到|吃不得|吃不動|吃不慣|吃不好|吃不開|吃不來|吃不了，兜著走|吃不了|吃不起|吃不上|吃不透|吃不下|吃不消|吃不住|吃茶|吃吃喝喝|吃醋|吃大鍋飯|吃刀|吃得開|吃得苦中苦，方為人上人|吃得來|吃得了|吃得下|吃得消|吃得住|吃掉|吃定心丸|吃豆腐|吃獨食|吃兒|吃耳光|吃飯|吃乾醋|吃乾飯|吃功夫|吃官司|吃管子|吃慣|吃好|吃喝兒|吃喝嫖賭|吃喝玩樂|吃黑棗兒|吃後悔藥|吃花酒|吃皇糧|吃回扣|吃回頭草|吃葷|吃貨|吃緊|吃勁|吃驚|吃酒|吃開口飯|吃糠咽菜|吃客|吃空額|吃苦|吃苦頭|吃虧|吃勞保|吃老本|吃纍|吃裏爬外|吃力|吃零食|吃零嘴|吃碼頭|吃悶虧|吃膩|吃偏飯|吃槍藥|吃槍子|吃青|吃青春飯|吃請|吃人家的嘴軟，拿人家的手短|吃軟不吃硬|吃軟飯|吃傷|吃商品糧|吃食|吃食堂|吃水|吃水不忘掘井人|吃素|吃透|吃席|吃喜酒|吃閒飯|吃現成飯|吃相|吃香|吃小虧，占大便宜|吃小灶|吃心|吃鴨蛋|吃啞巴虧|吃一驚|吃一塹，長一智|吃贓|吃齋|吃著碗裏，望著鍋裏|吃重|吃主|吃住|吃租|吃嘴|吃罪|街頭小吃|吃口|吃味兒|吃板刀麵|吃葷飯|吃香喝辣|一魚兩吃|吃糧|吃太平飯|吃燒餅|吃十方|吃寡醋|吃人兒的|吃醋爭風|天狗吃月|吃眼前虧|吃瓦片兒|吃受|吃大戶|吃錯藥|吃交|吃掛絡兒|中吃|吃法|吃寡酒|叫吃|吃館子|倒吃甘蔗|吃火鍋|坐吃山空|吃閒話|吃釘子|吃醋撚酸|吃癟|吃不服|吃賠賬|吃盡當光|吃齋唸佛|吃夜草|吃案|吃喝不分|吃一看二|吃藥|大吃大喝|吃勞金|吞吃|吃私|吃土|吃排頭|吃空茶|吃傷了|吃了秤砣|吃苦耐勞|吃啞吧虧|吃敲才|吃地面|幫狗吃食|吃床腿|吃飯傢伙|坐吃山崩|吃飛醋|幫虎吃食|吃辣麵|吃得光|吃水線|小吃|一雞三吃|吃喜|吃洋飯|吃自來食|吃白食|寅吃卯糧|吃拜拜|吃排落|好吃懶做|好吃|吃惱|夯吃|不吃虧|吃自在飯|吃生活|大吃大嚼|大吃一驚|大吃|吃醋拈酸|吃得|吃舊鍋粥|吃大項|吃人|吃飯防噎|吃煙|吃現成|吃螺絲|少吃無著|吃墨船兒|吃飯家伙|吃裡爬外|吃裡扒外|吃衙門飯|吃紅|吃碰|吃棒|吃本|吃子孫飯|吃味|吃到飽|吃偏食|吃人蟲|吃牌|吃釘板|吃合家歡|吃教|吃死飯|吃犒勞|吃派飯|偷吃|嘴吃屎|吃冤枉|狗吃屎|死吃死嚼|撩蜂吃螫|白吃白住|混吃混玩|搶生吃|應卯吃糧|放牛吃草|禮教吃人|白吃白喝|爭鋒吃醋|百吃不厭|手面賺吃|白吃|生吃|爭風吃醋|獨吃自痾|狗吃熱屎|添案小吃|拈酸吃醋|混飯吃|抹嘴吃|暗吃一驚|濫吃濫用|搪酒吃|狼吃幞頭|穩吃三注|零吃|自找苦吃|貪吃|黑吃黑|討吃|通吃|老大吃驚|靠山吃山|自討苦吃|賞口飯吃|貪吃懶做|蟲吃牙|吃過路兵|吃牢}}

===Etymology 2===
{{zh-forms|alt=㰟}}
{{rfe|zh}}

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=吃,2a=zh-jí.ogg
|m-s=
|c=hek3,gat1
|x=qi6
|mn=xm,qz:gut
|mn-t=geh4
|w=sh:7ciq,7keq
|w_note=4keq - primarily in suburbs and dated urban pronunciation
|dial=n
|mc=y
|oc=y
|ma=y
|cat=v
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# to [[stammer]]; to [[stutter]]; to [[falter]]
#: {{zh-x|口吃|to stammer, to stutter}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|口吃|吃口令|吃子|蹇吃|鄧艾吃}}

===Etymology 3===
{{zh-forms}}

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=qī,jí,1nb=Mainland,2nb=Taiwan,2a=zh-jí.ogg
|c=hat1
|mn=xm,qz:khit
|dial=n
|ma=y
|cat=
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{zh-only|吃吃|qīqī}}

===Etymology 4===
{{zh-forms}}

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|mn=chia̍h
|dial=n
|cat=v
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} {{alt form|zh|食|tr=-}}
#* {{zh-x|看 你 在{leh} 過{kòe} 生活　攏 是 坐~著{leh} 賺{thàn} 躺{tó}~著{teh} 吃{chia̍h}|When I look at you living your life, you're always earning your living while sitting and '''eating''' while lying down.|TW|ref='''2003''', {{lw|zh|蔡秋鳳}} ({{w|Kerris Tsai}}) (lyricist {{lang|zh|李岩修}}), [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2L-lESMJwU {{lang|zh|爽到你艱苦到我}}]}}

{{cat|cmn|Beginning Mandarin}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=口03}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=こち
|kanon=きつ
|kun=ども-り, ども-る
}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3}}
* {{ja-r|吃%又|^ども%また}}
* {{ja-r|吃逆|しゃっくり}}
* {{ja-r|小%吃|シァオ%チー}}
* {{ja-r|吃驚|びっくり}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|きつ|yomi=kanon}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=きつ|-}} {{ltc-l|吃}}.

====Affix====
{{ja-pos|affix|きつ}}

# [[stammer]]ing, [[stutter]]ing
# [[accept]]ing, [[comply]]ing

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top3}}
* {{ja-r|吃する|きっする}}
* {{ja-r|吃%吃|きつ%きつ|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|吃%々|きつ%きつ}}
* {{ja-r|吃%音|きつ%おん}}
* {{ja-r|吃%逆|きつ%ぎゃく}}
* {{ja-r|吃%驚|きっ%きょう}}
* {{ja-r|吃%緊|きっ%きん}}
* {{ja-r|吃%語|きつ%ご}}
* {{ja-r|吃%水|きっ%すい}}
* {{ja-r|吃%相|きっ%そう}}
{{der-bottom}}

=====See also=====
* {{ja-r|喫|きつ}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|チー|yomi=irr}}

From {{bor|ja|cmn|吃|tr=chī|lit=to [[eat]]|sort=ちい}}.<ref>{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref name="DJR"/>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|チー|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|チー}}

# {{lb|ja|mahjong|sort=ちい}} a [[call]] for an [[open]] {{m|ja|順子|tr=shuntsu||[[sequence]] of [[three]] [[suited]] [[tile]]s}}, compare {{ncog|en|chow}}

=====Coordinate terms=====
* {{ja-r|碰|ポン}}
* {{ja-r|槓|カン}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|ままなき|yomi=i}}

Possibly a compound of {{com|ja|儘|tr1=mama|t1=[[remain]]ing at a certain [[state]]|泣き|tr2=naki|pos2=the {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||stem or continuative form}} of verb {{m|ja|泣く|tr=naku}}, “to [[cry]]”}}. {{rfv-etym|ja}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|ままなき}}

# [[stammer]]ing, [[stutter]]ing
# a [[stutterer]]

=====Synonyms=====
* {{ja-r|吃り|どもり}}

===References===
<references/>

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|흘}}

# {{rfdef|ko|sort=口03}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=[[khật]], [[hấc]], [[hất]], [[hớt]], [[ngát]], [[ngặt]], [[ngật]], [[ực]], [[cật]]|rs=口03}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=口03}}