View source for 周

{{also|固|週}}
{{character info}}
{{character info|0x2F83F}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=8}}

===Alternative forms===
* In certain typefaces and/or at small font sizes, the edges of the [[土]] component touch the enclosing [[冂]] component, producing a resemblance to the radical [[用]].

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=30|rad=口|as=05|sn=8|four=77220|canj=BGR|ids=⿵⺆𠮷(GTJV),⿵⺆⿻一古,⿵⺆⿱𰀁口(HK)}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[倜]], [[凋]], [[調]] ([[调]]), [[啁]], [[徟]], [[淍]], [[惆]], [[婤]], [[𰀧]], [[綢]] ([[绸]]), [[琱]], [[椆]], [[晭]], [[賙]] ([[赒]]), [[禂]], [[碉]], [[睭]], [[稠]], [[皗]], [[裯]], [[蜩]], [[輖]] ([[𫐏]]), [[錭]], [[鯛]]([[鲷]]), [[騆]], [[䓟]], [[㓮]], [[郮]], [[彫]], [[翢]], [[雕]], [[鵰]] ([[𫛲]]), [[奝]], [[霌]], [[週]], [[𥮐]], [[𥺝]], [[𦈺]], [[𦩍]], [[𡕐]]}}

===References===
{{Han ref|kx=0181.360|dkj=03441|dj=0400.050|hdz=10606.030|uh=5468}}
{{Han ref|uh=2F83F}}

==Chinese==

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}

Oracle bone script: {{liushu|p|coap=y}} of a jade artifact with carved patterns. Original form of {{och-l|彫|to carve}}. The character was later borrowed as a country name and {{och-l|*口}} was added as a distinguishing mark. A semi-conservative version in which the carvings are visible is [[𠕛]]. The top part of the character gradually became similar to {{och-l|*用}} in the late Western Zhou period.<ref name="漢多">[https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=周 漢語多功能字庫 - 字頭 「周」]</ref> See also [[黃]], which could have a reference to a jade artifact.

The seal script form can be interpreted as {{Han compound|口|用|ls=ic|c1=s|c2=s|t1=mouth|t2=to use|nocap=y}} - indicating the idea of using words skillfully to express oneself, thereby conveying the meaning of being meticulous or detailed.<ref>Digital Shinjigen 2017</ref>

====References====
{{reflist}}

===Etymology 1===
{{zh-forms|alt=𠕛,𠱬,𠄗,𠕛,𠣘,淍,週}}

;to encircle, to circle, to surround, everywhere, curve (in the road)
:Unclear. Possibly connected with {{cog|bo|གཅུ་བ}} ~ {{m|bo|ལྕུ་བ|t=screw}}, {{m|bo|གཅུད་བ}} ~ {{m|bo|ལྕུབ་བ|t=turn, twist, plait, braid}}, or {{cog|th|ดิ้ว||club, stick; strips of rattan or bamboo bent in a circle to which ribs of a cage are fastened}} or {{cog|km|ជួត||to wind; to wrap around; to wear a turban}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}})

;to help
:Unclear. Maybe same word as {{zh-l|周|to surround}} as words for "help, aid" often derive from the notion "next to, or around, a person" (for analogies, {{och-l|佐|to assist < to be on one's left-side}} from {{och-l|左|left|id=1}} and {{och-l|佑|to assist < to be on one's right-side}} from {{och-l|右||right|id=1}}) ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}).

:Alternatively, note {{cog|km|ជួយ||to help, assist; to support; to rescue, save}} (ibid.). Even so, also note {{cog|th|ช่วย}}, which in turn is from {{w|Middle Chinese}} {{ltc-l|助}}); if {{cog|km|ជួយ}} and {{cog|th|ช่วย}} were related, then {{cog|km|ជួយ}} cannot be related to {{w|Old Chinese}} {{och-l|周}}.

;dynasty's name
:Attested in the Huayuanzhang East {{w|Oracle Bone}} Inscription HYZ 327.1 (transliterated and translated by Schwartz, 2019<ref>{{cite-book|author=Schwartz, A.|title=The Oracle Bone Inscriptions from Huayuanzhuang East: Translated with an Introduction and Commentary|year=2019|isbn=9781501505294|doi=https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501505294|location=Boston, Berlin|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton}}</ref>)
::{{zh-x|^周 入 亖{sì}|'''Zhou''' contributes four|CL-PC|ref=}}

:A {{lang|zh|周方白}} (''Zhōufāng bó'', “Elder of Zhou region”), likely {{w|King Wen of Zhou}}, was mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions H11:82 and H11:84 (Lin, 1995)<ref>Lin, Sen-Shou. 1995. “Problems in the Studies of Zhou Oracle-Bone Scripts.” ''Retrospective Theses and Dissertations'', 1919-2007. T, University of British Columbia. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0098998.</ref>

:Hargett (2021)<ref>{{cite-journal|author= Hargett, James|year= 2021|title= Anchors of Stability: Place-Names in Early China|journal=Sino-Platonic Papers|editor=Mair, Victor|issue=312|titleurl=http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp312_chinese_place_names.pdf}}</ref> states that {{zh-l|^商}} and {{zh-l|^周}} derived from names of "places that the rulers and people of those eras regarded as their homeland or cultic centers"; the {{zh-l|周方|tr=Zhōufāng|Zhou region}} was among "areas or regions along the frontier borders of Shang, traditionally regarded as enemy territory".

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=zhōu
|m-s=zou1
|c=zau1
|c-t=ziu1
|g=
|h=pfs=chû;hrs=h:zhiuˋ;gd=zu1
|j=
|md=ciŭ
|mn=ml,tw,sg:chiu
|mn-t=ziu1
|mn-l=jiu1
|px=pt,xy:ziu1
|w=sh:1tseu
|x=
|mc=y
|oc=y
|ma=y
|cat=n,pn,v
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# to [[circle]]; to [[encircle]]
#* {{zh-x|齊-師 敗 績。逐 之，三 周 華-不-注。|The Qi troops were completely defeated. Jin forces pursued the Qi army, whose remnants thrice '''circled''' Mount Huabuzhu.|ref=Zuozhuan}}
# [[circle]]; [[circumference]]
#: {{zh-co|四周|surroundings}}
#: {{zh-co|圓周|circumference}}
#* {{zh-x|大-城 不可以 不-完，郭-周 不可以 外-通，……。|The city's main walls must not be incompletely built, nor the '''peripheral''' suburban walls penetrable from outsides, [...].|ref=Guanzi}}
# [[whole]]
#: {{zh-co|周身|the whole body}}
#: {{zh-co|眾所周知|as everyone knows}}
# to [[extend]] everywhere
#* {{zh-x|自 西 徂 東，周 爰 執事。|From the west to the east, '''everywhere''' he was at work.|ref=Shijing}}
#* {{zh-x|知 周 乎 萬物，而 道 濟 天下，故 不過。|His knowledge embraces all things, and his course is (intended to be) helpful to all under the sky; - and hence he falls into no error.|ref=Yijing}}
# [[thorough]]; [[complete]]; [[comprehensive]]
#: {{zh-co|周密|thorough}}
#: {{zh-co|周詳|comprehensive}}
#* {{zh-x|子曰：「君子 周 而 不比，小人 比 而 不周。」|The Master said: "The gentleman is '''inclusive''' and not partial; the villain is partial and not '''inclusive'''."|ref=Lunyu}}
#* {{zh-x|^孟子 曰：「周 于 利 者，凶年 不能 殺；周 于 德 者，邪世 不能 亂。」||ref=Mencius}}
#* {{zh-x|君子 是以 知 ^秦 ^穆 公 之 為{wéi} 君 也，舉人 之 周 也，舉人 之 壹 也。||ref=Zuozhuan}}
#* {{zh-x|夫{fú} 將{jiàng} 者，國 之 輔 也。輔 周 則 國 必 強，輔 隙 則 國 必 弱。||ref=Sunzi}}
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[side]]; [[periphery]]
#* {{zh-x|有 杕 之 杜，生 于 道-周。|There's a solitary {{w|Pyrus betulifolia|birchleaf pear tree}}, that grows on the road's '''curve'''.|ref=Shijing}}
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} to [[suit]]
#* {{zh-x|雖 不 周 於 今 之 人 兮，願 依 ^彭 ^咸 之 遺訓。||ref=Chuci}}
# to [[help]] (e.g. [[financially]]); to [[relieve]]
#: {{zh-alt-inline|賙}}
#: {{zh-x|周濟|to relieve}}
#* {{zh-x|靡 人 不 周，無 不能 止。|There is no one who has not '''helped''' [the people]; They have not refrained on the ground of being unable.|ref=Shijing}}
# {{lb|zh|Cantonese|chiefly in the passive}} to [[reprimand]] with [[authority]]; to [[catch]]
#: {{zh-x|佢 上{soeng5}堂 偷 玩 電話{waa6-2} 畀 老師 周 到{dou2}。|He was playing on his phone during class and got '''caught''' by the teacher.|C}}
# {{zh-classifier|[[circuit]]s}}; [[circuit]]; [[revolution]]
#: {{zh-co|繞 場 兩 周|to make two circuits around the arena}}
#: {{zh-x|地球 環繞 太陽 一 周 需要 約 365 天。|It takes around 365 days for Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun.}}
# {{lb|zh|historical}} {{n-g|name of various dynasties}}
## {{zh-div|朝}} [[Zhou]] [[dynasty|Dynasty]] (1046—256 BCE)
##* {{zh-x|^周 雖 舊 邦，其 命 維新。|Although Zhou was an old country,<br>The [favouring] appointment lighted on it recently.|ref=Shijing}}
## {{w|Northern Zhou}} (557—581), one of the {{w|Northern dynasties}} in China
## {{w|Wu Zhou}} (690–705), established by {{w|Wu Zetian}}
## {{w|Later Zhou}} (951–960), one of the {{w|Five Dynasties}} in China
# {{surname|zh}}
#: {{zh-x|^周 ^恩-來|{{w|Zhou Enlai|'''Zhou''' Enlai / '''Chou''' En-Lai}} (the first Premier of the People's Republic of China)}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|bor=1|en|Zhou|Chou|Chow|Chau|Chew|Chiu}}

=====See also=====
{{zh-Chinese dynasties}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|周全|周禮|岐周|不周|周情孔思|周室|圓周運動|周而不比|周邊|周邊設備|周章狼狽|周氏|不周山|周程張朱|周全方便|周晬|周內|四周|周天|周遊|周密|周詳|周遭|圓周|慮無不周|慮周行果|周置|周覽|周轉|周角|周給|周堂|周濟|周南|周事|周波|後周|周行|周急|周道|周急繼乏|周而復始|周公吐哺|周章|不周風|周延|周緣|寬打周遭|如所周知|宛轉周折|二周|周期彗星|宗周鐘|宗周|夢周公|周正|圓周率|周易|不周到|嫠憂宗周|周旋|周方|周忌|不周延|大費周章|周備|周匝|周圍|周口店<t:[[Zhoukoudian]]>|周遍|周遮|周髀|圓周角|周郎癖|周旋到底|八步周行|周朝|周郎顧曲|周頌|周郎|周轉不靈|周身|周誥|周衛|周浹|周流|周折|周恤|周官|周召共和|周召|周原|周年|北周|周至|周書|周到|周率|大費周折|伊周|光周期|不食周粟|假意周旋|周年視差|成周|眾所周知|會合周期|朋黨比周|比周|牙周病|深文周納|禮數周到|智周|白馬歸周|煞費周章|東周|有周|新聞周刊|譙周獨笑|西周|顧曲周郎|試周|逸周書|費周章|莊周夢蝶|周潭|周塘|周老嘴|周臺|徐周|周楊|周樓|周寨|大周|小周|周巷|周字框|周家灣|周溪|周集|牙周|周口<t:[[Zhoukou]]>}}

====References====
<references/>

===Etymology 2===
{{zh-see|週}}

====Usage notes====
This variant form is the name of the second [[tetragram]] of the [[Taixuanjing]] ([[𝌇]]), as listed in the ancient text.

===Etymology 3===
{{zh-forms|alt=舟,州}}

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|c=zau1
|dial=n
|cat=n
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|Cantonese}} [[penis]] {{zh-mw|c:條}}

=====Synonyms=====
{{zh-dial|陰莖}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|賓周|周周}}

====References====
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}
* {{R:twedu|A00559}}

{{cat|cmn|Beginning Mandarin}}

==Japanese==
{{ja-kanji forms-IVS
|code=2F83F
|svs=0
|vs1=00
|vs2=03
|col-vs1=aj
|col-vs2=hdmj
|pic-kyu=U2f83f.svg
|ref={{R:Kanjipedia|0003102000}}
}}

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=4|kyu=&#x2F83F;|rs=口05}}

# [[circumference]]
# [[circuit]]
# [[lap]]

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=しゅ<しゆ, す
|kanon=しゅう<しう
|kun=まわ-り<まは-り, あまね-く, あまね-し, めぐ-る
|nanori=あまね, あまねし, いたる, かた, かぬ, かね, ただ, ちか, ちかし, なり, のり, ひろし, まこと
}}

====Compounds====
* {{ja-r|周%南|^しゅう%なん|[[w:Shūnan|Shūnan]]}}
* {{ja-r|周%波%数|しゅう%は%すう|[[frequency]]}}

===Etymology===
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅう|yomi=o}}
From {{bor|ja|ltc|-|sort=しゅう}} {{ltc-l|周}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{ja-pron|しゅう|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}}

===Counter===
{{ja-pos|counter|しゅう|hhira=しう}}

# [[lap]]s or [[circuit]]s

===Proper noun===
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
{{ja-pos|proper|しゅう|hhira=しう}}

# [[Zhou]]

===Proper noun===
{{ja-pos|proper|まこと}}

# {{given name|ja|male|sort=まこと}}

===Proper noun===
{{ja-pos|proper|あまね}}

# {{given name|ja|male|sort=あまね}}
#: {{ja-usex|[[w:ja:西周 (啓蒙家)|西'''周''']]|^にし ^'''あまね'''|{{w|Nishi Amane|Nishi '''Amane'''}} {{gloss|Meiji period philosopher}}}}

===References===
<references/>

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|두루|주}}

# {{rfdef|ko|sort=口05}}

====Compounds====
* {{ko-l|周圍|주위}}
* {{ko-l|周全|주전}}
* {{ko-l|周年|주년}}
* {{ko-l|周邊|주변}}
* {{ko-l|周波數|주파수}}
* {{ko-l|周到綿密|주도면밀}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|rs=口05
|nom=[[chu]]-tdcntd;tdcndg;gdhn, [[châu]]-tdcntd;gdhn
|hanviet=[[chu]]-tdcntd;tchvtd, [[châu]]-taberd
|phienthiet=
}}

# {{vi-Han form of|Chu|{{surname|vi}}.}}
# {{vi-Han form of|Châu|{{surname|vi}}.}}

====Usage notes====
''Chu'' is the original Hán-Việt reading of this character and related ones according to Thiều Chửu. However, [[:w:Naming taboo|naming taboos]] for [[:w:Nguyễn Phúc Chu|Nguyễn Phúc Chu]] ({{l|vi|[[阮]][[福]][[淍]]}}) led to the reading ''Châu'' being used instead for this character, especially in the south of Vietnam, based on a tradition of ''u/âu'' sound swaps. Currently, both readings are in use. <ref>{{cite-web|url=https://nhacxua.vn/nhung-tu-ky-huy-cua-nguoi-nam-bo/|title=Những từ “kỵ húy” của người Nam bộ|author=Thiếu Khanh|work=Nhạc Xưa Thời Báo|date=2019-07-07}}</ref>

===References===
{{reflist}}