View source for 牙

{{character info}}
{{character info|⽛}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|type=animate}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=92|rad=牙|as=00|sn=4|four=10240|canj=MVDH|ids=⿹⿻𠃋丁丿}}

# {{mul-kangxi radical-def}}
# {{mul-shuowen radical-def|39}}

====Derived characters====
* [[Appendix:Chinese radical/牙]]
* {{l|mul|[[伢]], [[冴]], [[呀]], [[𡉪]], [[岈]], [[㤉]], [[㧎]], [[𣲨]], [[犽]], [[𰀍]], [[迓]], [[枒]], [[𤆹]], [[玡]], [[砑]], [[䄰]], [[𧘪]], [[𦕆]], [[蚜]], [[𧠖]], [[𧣐]], [[訝]] ([[讶]]), [[谺]], [[釾]] ([[䥺]]), [[颬]], [[𩨠]], [[𩶀]]([[𬶅]]), [[齖]] ([[𬹺]]), [[𫰎]], [[𬦤]], [[𮐍]]}}
* {{l|mul|[[𠚾]], [[𠡁]], [[邪]], [[雅]], [[䪵]], [[鴉]] ([[鸦]]), [[𪖕]], [[𢗬]], [[𥁆]], [[𡵥]], [[芽]], [[穿]], [[䍓]], [[笌]], [[厊]], [[庌]], [[疨]], [[閕]], [[衺]], [[𮗍]], [[𭓟]], [[𭯲]]}}

====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=0695.030|dkj=19909|dj=1108.060|hdz=21419.080|uh=7259|ud=29273|bh=A4FA|bd=42234}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|alt=𤘈}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
The pictogram of a pair of elephant tusks. According to Xu Shen, this pictogram was used to indicate human molars but not front teeth/incisors (齒).

===Etymology===
{{zh-ref|Norman and Mei (1976)}} propose that this was a substrate loan; cf. {{cog|mkh-vie-pro|*ŋaː||[[ivory]]}} ({{cog|vi|ngà}}), {{cog|tai-pro|*ŋaːᴬ||[[tusk]]; [[ivory]]}} ({{cog|th|งา}}). {{zh-ref|Pulleyblank (1983)}} disagrees with their hypothesis and considers [[Old Chinese]] to be the donor of this [[Wanderwort]] instead.

STEDT provisionally sets up {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*s-ŋja||tusk; tooth}}, comparing it to {{cog|lus|ngho||tusk; fang}}, {{cog|mni|ꯌꯥ|t=tooth}}, {{cog|mro|tr=hngou|t=tooth}}, {{cog|blk|tr=tə́ʔ '''ŋà'''|t=tooth}}.

; Hong Kong Cantonese neologism {{n-g|prefix}}
: From {{zh-l|阿|tr=aa3}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=yá
|ma=y
|m-s=ya2
|m-x=niá
|m-nj=yá
|dg=я1/ня1
|c=ngaa4,ngaa4-2
|ca=LL-Q9186-Justinrleung-牙.wav
|c_note=ngaa4-2 - screw thread
|c-dg=ngaa4
|c-yj=ngaa4
|c-t=nga3
|g=nga4
|h=pfs=ngà;hrs=h:nga;gd=nga2;ct=nga2
|j=nia1/ia1
|mb=ngâ
|md=ngà/ngāi
|md_note=ngāi - [[synaeresis]] of {{zh-l|*牙齒}} used alone or in some compounds
|mn=xm,qz,jj,na,ha,yc,ct,tw,sg:gê/zz,zp:gêe/ly:giêe/ml,jj,na,ha,yc,tw:gâ
|mn_note=gê/gêe/giêe - vernacular (“tooth; fang; ivory; broker”); gâ - literary (“screw thread”)
|mn-t=ghê5
|mn-l=nge5/ia5
|mn-l_note=nge5 - vernacular; ia5 - literary
|px=pt,xy:gor2/pt,xy:ga2
|px_note=gor2 - vernacular; ga2 - literary
|sp=njaa4
|w=sh:6nga;jd,sj,cm,sz:2nga;cs:4nga;cz,sx,nb:2ngo;jx,tx,hn,hy:2gha;sh:6ya;sj,sz,cz,hn,hy,hz:2ya
|w_note=<sup>6</sup>nga/<sup>2</sup>nga/<sup>2</sup>ngo/<sup>2</sup>gha - colloquial; <sup>6</sup>ya/<sup>2</sup>ya - literary
|x=nga2/ia2
|x_note=nga2 - vernacular; ia2 - literary
|x-l=ngo2
|x-h=nga2/ia2
|x-h_note=nga2 - vernacular; ia2 - literary
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=n
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|anatomy}} [[tooth]] {{zh-mw|m:顆|m,c:隻|c:棚}}
#: {{zh-co|拔牙|to take out a tooth}}
#: {{zh-co|我 牙 疼。|[[I have a toothache|I have a '''tooth'''ache]].}}
# {{lb|zh|anatomy}} [[ivory]]; [[tusk]] of [[elephant]]
#: {{zh-co|牙雕|ivory sculpture}}
# [[screw]] [[thread]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|obsolete}} to [[bite]]
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} {{alt form|zh|衙|t=government office; yamen}}
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} {{alt form|zh|芽|t=to sprout}}
# {{lb|zh|Hong Kong Cantonese|Internet slang|leetspeak|neologism}} {{n-g|Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness.}}
# {{lb|zh|historical}} [[broker]]

====Synonyms====
{{zh-dial|牙齒}}

===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|人工植牙|人牙兒|以牙還牙|伯子牙|伯牙|伯牙絕絃|伯牙鼓琴|伶牙俐嘴|伶牙俐齒|佛牙|佶屈聱牙|俐齒伶牙|倒牙|借齒牙|假牙|出生牙|切齒咬牙|刷牙|剔牙|努牙突嘴|包牙|匈牙利 |叉牙|呲牙|呲牙裂嘴|味勝易牙|咨牙倈嘴|咬定牙根|咬定牙關|咬牙|咬牙切齒|咬緊牙關|嗑牙|嗑牙料嘴|噴牙|塞牙|塞牙縫|壁牙|大牙|大纛高牙|奶牙|姜子牙|子牙河|尾牙|張牙舞爪|心膂爪牙|怒目咬牙|房牙子|打牙兒|打牙巴骨|打牙戰|打牙犯嘴|打牙祭|打牙訕口|押牙|拔牙|拾人牙慧|挑牙|挑牙料脣|換牙|摩牙|新生牙|易牙|易牙之味|易牙蒸子|暴牙|月牙|月牙鏟|板牙|植牙|槽牙|機牙|毒牙|沒牙虎兒|沾牙|洗牙|海牙|爪牙|爪牙之士|爪牙之將|爪牙吏|爪牙官|版牙|牙人|牙儈|牙兒|牙刷|牙印子|牙口|牙周病|牙垢|牙城|牙婆|牙子|牙官|牙家|牙將|牙幫骨|牙床|牙後慧|牙慧|牙推|牙旗|牙板|牙根|牙根癢癢|牙根管|牙槌|牙橋|牙機|牙櫱|牙爪|牙牌|牙牙|牙牙學語|牙疳|牙疼|牙疼咒|牙癢癢|牙白口清|牙盤日|牙磁|牙磣|牙祭|牙科|牙科醫學|牙稅|牙笏|牙管一雙|牙箸|牙簽犀軸|牙籌|牙籤|牙籤玉軸|牙籤萬軸|牙籤錦軸|牙粉|牙結石|牙線|牙縫高低|牙膏|牙色|牙花|牙菌斑|牙蟲|牙行|牙買加|牙質|牙輪|牙道|牙郎|牙醫|牙釉質|牙鑽|牙門|牙關|牙關緊閉|牙雕|牙音|牙章|牙風|牙髓|牙髓炎|牙齒|牙齦|犬牙|犬牙交錯|犬牙差互|犬牙盤石|犬牙相制|犬牙相臨|犬牙相錯|犬牙鷹爪|犯牙兒|狄牙|狼牙|狼牙拍|狼牙棒|獠牙|當門牙齒|發牙豆|盤牙|矼牙|磕牙|磕牙料嘴|磨牙|磨牙手機|禍發齒牙|禡牙|科牙磕齒|笑掉大牙|簷牙|紅牙|紅牙板|老掉牙|聖地牙哥|聱牙|能牙利爪|舞爪張牙|葡萄牙|虎口拔牙|虎牙|蛀牙|蟲吃牙|蟲牙|西班牙|西班牙港|西班牙語|討口牙|詰屈聱牙|課嘴撩牙|課牙|象牙|象牙塔|象牙婚|象牙木|象牙海岸|象牙貝|象牙質|象牙雕|鉤爪鋸牙|鋸牙|鋸牙鉤爪|鋼牙|鑲牙|長嘴獠牙|門牙|閒打牙兒|閒磕牙|雀角鼠牙|雌牙扮齒|雌牙露嘴|雌牙鬼|青臉獠牙|青面獠牙|頭牙|高牙|高牙大纛|鬥牙拌齒|鬥牙鬥齒|鼠牙雀角|齒牙|齒牙為猾|齒牙為禍|齒牙餘論|齙牙|齜牙|齜牙咧嘴|龍牙|龍牙草|月牙泉|無牙|牙周|牙骹|哨牙|剝牙|埋牙|牙肉|彈牙|牙尖嘴利|冇牙老虎|咿咿牙牙|槎牙|查牙}}

===Descendants===
{{CJKV||げ|j2=が|아|nha}}
''Others'':
* {{desc|bor=1|tai-pro|*ŋaːᴬ|t=tusk, ivory}}
** {{desc|th|งา}}
** {{desc|lo|ງາ}}
** {{desc|khb|ᦇᦱ}}
** {{desc|shn|ငႃး}}
** {{desc|aho|𑜂𑜠}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mkh-vie-pro|*ŋaː|t=ivory}}
** {{desc|vi|ngà}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}

{{cat|cmn|Elementary Mandarin}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=牙00}}

# [[tusk]], [[fang]]

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=げ
|kanon=が
|kun=きば-, き, かび-, は-
}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|き}}

From {{der|ja|ojp|-|sort=き}}. Appears in the ''[[w:Man'yōshū|Man'yōshū]]''.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|き}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|き}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=き|obsolete}} [[fang]], [[tusk]], [[tooth]] {{qualifier|particularly the [[canine]]}}
#* {{RQ:Manyoshu|9|1809}}; [https://web.archive.org/web/20190816211825/http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man9Yos.html#1809 text here]
#*: {{ja-usex|'''牙'''%[[噛む|喫]]%[[建ぶ|建%怒]]%[[て|而]]|'''き'''%かみ%たけ%び%て|ferociously gnashing '''teeth'''}}

=====Usage notes=====
Although this term is no longer used in isolation, it does persist in certain compounds.

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|牙%噛む|き%がむ}}: to [[gnash]] one's [[teeth]]
* {{ja-r|牙%骨|き%ぼね}}: the [[jawbone]], the [[mandible]], the [[lower jaw]]
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|きば}}

Compound of {{der|ja|ojp|-|sort=きば}} elements {{compound|ja|sort=きば|牙|tr1=ki|t1=fang, tusk|歯|tr2=ha|t2=tooth}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> {{rendaku2|sort=きば|ha|ba}}

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|きば|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|きば}}

# [[fang]], [[tusk]], [[tooth]] {{qualifier|particularly the [[canine]]s}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=きば|falconry}} [[dog]] {{qualifier|primarily used for counting hunting dogs}}

=====Usage notes=====
This is the most common term for {{m|en|fang}} in modern Japanese.

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|牙 上%面|きば じょう%めん}}: [[ivory]] or [[boar]] [[tusk]] used to [[rub]] the [[surface]] of a [[print]] in order to bring out the [[gloss]]
* {{ja-r|牙 筍%貝|きば たけ%がい}}: a kind of {{vern|auger snail}} of [[family]] {{taxfmt|Terebridae|family}}
* {{ja-r|牙 獐|きば のろ}}: the “fanged ''noro''”, a kind of [[roe deer]] of [[genus]] {{taxfmt|Capreolus|genus}}
{{der-bottom}}

=====Idioms=====
{{der-top|Idioms}}
* {{ja-r|牙 を 噛む|きば を かむ}}: “to bite one's fangs” → to [[gnash]] one's [[teeth]]
* {{ja-r|牙 を 研ぐ|きば を とぐ}}: “to sharpen one's fangs” → to [[prepare]] to [[hurt]] one's [[opponent]]. Compare [[sharpen one's claws]]
* {{ja-r|牙 を 鳴らす|きば を ならす}}: “to clash one's fangs” → to [[gnash]] one's [[teeth]]; to get [[angry]]; to [[bare]] one's [[fang]]s
* {{ja-r|牙 を 剥く|きば を むく}}: “to bare one's fangs”
* {{ja-r|牙 ある もの は 角 無し|きば ある もの は つの なし}}: “the one with fangs has no horns” → a [[metaphor]] for how no one is [[endow]]ed with every [[advantage]]
{{der-bottom}}

=====See also=====
* {{ja-r|門%歯|もん%し}}: [[incisor]] tooth
* {{ja-r|犬%歯|けん%し}}: [[canine tooth]]
* {{ja-r|小%臼%歯|しょう%きゅう%し}}: [[premolar]]
* {{ja-r|臼%歯|きゅう%し}}: [[molar]]
* {{ja-r|象%牙|ぞう%げ}}: [[elephant]] [[tusk]], [[ivory]]

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|かび}}

Cognate with, and probably the noun derivation of, verb {{m|ja|黴びる|tr=kabiru||to go moldy}}, from the root idea of something [[sprout]]ing.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> Used in the ''[[w:Kojiki|Kojiki]]''.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|かび}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|かび}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=かび|obsolete}} a plant [[sprout]], a plant [[bud]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|葦%牙|あし%かび}}: a [[reed]] [[sprout]] or [[bud]]

===Etymology 4===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|は}}
Non-standard alternative spelling for {{m|ja|歯|tr=ha||tooth}}.<ref name="KDJ"/>
{{ja-see|歯}}

===Etymology 5===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=goon|げ}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=げ}} {{ltc-l|牙}}. Compare modern {{cog|nan|-}} reading ''gê''.

The ''[[呉音#Japanese|goon]]'' reading, so probably the reading as first imported into Japanese.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|げ}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|げ}}

# an [[animal]]'s [[fang]] or [[tusk]]
# an [[elephant]]'s [[tusk]]: [[ivory]]
# a [[tooth]]

=====Usage notes=====
The {{m|en|tooth}} meaning is much more commonly expressed using the word {{m|ja|歯|tr=ha}}.

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|牙 の 笏|げ の しゃく}}: an [[ivory]] [[mace]] or [[scepter]], used by certain social classes in ancient Japan
* {{ja-r|牙%歯|げ%し}}: teeth, tusks, or fangs
* {{ja-r|牙%軸|げ%じく}}: the inner edge of a scroll around which the scroll is [[wound]], or an edge of a folding book to which pages are [[bound]], made of [[ivory]]
* {{ja-r|牙%床|げ%しょう|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|牙%象|げ%しょう}}: a kind of [[cutout]] [[decorative]] [[carving]] technique for [[panel]]s, wherein the corners are left intact to reinforce the structure of the panel
* {{ja-r|牙%彫|げ%ぼり}}: a [[carving]] made from a [[tusk]] or [[fang]], more specifically made of [[elephant]] [[ivory]]
* {{ja-r|牙%笏|げ%しゃく}}: an [[ivory]] [[mace]] or [[scepter]], used by certain social classes in ancient Japan
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 6===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=kanon|が}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=が}} {{ltc-l|牙}}. Compare modern {{cog|yue|-}} reading ''ngaa<sup>4</sup>''.

The ''[[漢音#Japanese|kan'on]]'' reading, so probably a later importation.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|が}}

====Affix====
{{ja-pos|affix|が}}

# an [[animal]]'s [[fang]] or [[tusk]]
# an [[elephant]]'s [[tusk]]: [[ivory]]
# a [[tooth]]

=====Usage notes=====
The ''ga'' reading is only used in compounds, and is never used in isolation.

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|牙%営|が%えい}}: the [[headquarters]] of a general in a field camp
* {{ja-r|牙%音|が%おん}}: a [[velar consonant]] {{qualifier|obsolete}}
* {{ja-r|牙%関 緊%急|が%かん きん%きゅう}}: [[lockjaw]], a common [[symptom]] in the early stages of [[tetanus]]
* {{ja-r|牙%旗|が%き}}: a [[flag]] raised at the site of an [[emperor]]'s or [[general]]'s field camp
* {{ja-r|牙%行|が%こう}}: in China, a [[middleman]] or [[go-between]] in a [[commercial]] [[transaction]]
* {{ja-r|牙%山|^が%ざん}}: the city of [[w:Asan|Asan]], a [[port]] in [[w:South Korea|South Korea]]
* {{ja-r|牙%商|が%しょう}}: a [[middleman]] or [[go-between]] in a [[commercial]] [[transaction]]
* {{ja-r|牙%城|が%じょう}}: the [[keep]] or main [[residence]] within a [[castle]]; a [[headquarters]], a [[base]], a [[stronghold]]
* {{ja-r|牙%人|が%じん}}: in China, a [[middleman]] or [[go-between]] in a [[commercial]] [[transaction]]
* {{ja-r|牙%銭|が%せん}}: a [[fee]] or [[commission]] charged by a {{ja-r|牙行|がこう}}
* {{ja-r|牙%虫|が%むし}}: a [[water scavenger beetle]] of [[family]] {{taxfmt|Hydrophilidae|family}}
* {{ja-r|牙%斧|が%ふ}}: a small [[axe]] or [[hatchet]] made from [[boar]] [[tusk]]
* {{ja-r|牙%保|が%ほ}}: a [[middleman]] or [[go-between]] in a [[commercial]] [[transaction]]
* {{ja-r|牙%保%罪|が%ほ%ざい}}: the [[crime]] of [[fencing]] goods known to be [[stolen]]
* {{ja-r|牙%保%犯|が%ほ%はん}}: the [[crime]] of [[fencing]] goods known to be [[stolen]]
* {{ja-r|牙%門|が%もん}}: a [[gate]] on which a [[general]]'s [[flag]] is flying; an army's [[headquarters]]
* {{ja-r|牙%籌|が%ちゅう}}: an [[abacus]]; more specifically, an [[ivory]] abacus
* {{ja-r|牙%籤|が%せん|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|牙%籖|が%せん}}: a small [[placard]] or [[label]] made of [[ivory]]; a small [[claw]]-shaped ivory [[clasp]] for holding a [[book]] closed
* {{ja-r|牙%纛|が%とう}}: the [[flag]] of a [[general]]'s [[army]], the [[pole]] of which was traditionally decorated with [[ivory]] on the end
* {{ja-r|牙%儈|が%かい}}: in China, a [[middleman]] or [[go-between]] in a [[commercial]] [[transaction]]
{{der-bottom}}

===References===
<references/>

==Korean==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ko|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|牙}}.

{{hanja-dongguk|ᅌᅡᆼ|nga}}

{{hanja-hunmong|아|a|身體#상26A}}

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|어금니|아}}

# {{hanja form of|아|[[molar]]; [[cheek tooth]]}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
* {{ko-l|치아|齒牙}}
* {{ko-l|상아|象牙}}
* {{ko-l|아음|牙音}}
{{der-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|7013}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=nha, ngà|rs=牙00}}

# {{vi-Han form of|nha|[[tooth]]}}
# {{vi-Nom form of|ngà|[[ivory]]}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|vi
|{{vi-l|牙士|nha sĩ|[[dentist]]}}
|{{vi-l|牙科|nha khoa|[[dentistry]]}}
|{{vi-l|牙㺔|ngà voi|[[ivory]]}}
|{{vi-l|西班牙|Tây Ban Nha|[[Spain]]}}
|{{vi-l|葡萄牙|Bồ Đào Nha|[[Portugal]]}}
|{{vi-l|坡㴜牙|Bờ Biển Ngà|[[Ivory Coast]]}}
}}

[[Category:CJKV radicals| ]]