View source for Shaanxi

{{also|Shanxi}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}
{{commonscat}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|Shanhsi||Wade-Giles}}
* {{alter|en|Shanxi||proscribed}}
* {{l|en|Shaangxi}}, {{l|en|Sha'anxi}} {{q|misspelling}}

===Etymology===
From a modified form of the {{der|en|cmn-pinyin|-}} romanization of {{uder|en|zh|陝西||West of the [[Shan#Etymology_2|Shan]] [Pass]}}.

The double-''a'' spelling, used certainly to avoid [[homography]] with {{m|en|Shanxi}} ({{m|zh|山西|tr=-}}, of ''shān'' rather than ''shǎn''), is not a feature of [[Hanyu Pinyin]] and cannot be observed outside reference to ''Shaanxi'' (see also: {{m|en|Shaanbei}}, {{m|en|Ningshaan}}). It is likely inherited from the pre-Pinyin {{w|Latinxua Sin Wenz}} system devised and employed by Communist linguists, which was toneless and employed "{{w|Sin Wenz#Irregular spellings|irregular spellings}}" for undesirable homographs. The pairs ''Shaansi'' ({{m|zh|陝西|tr=-}}) and ''Shansi'' ({{m|zh|山西|tr=-}}) appear (for the first time?)<!--[https://www.google.com/search?q="shansi"+"shaansi"&nfpr=1&tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A%2Ccd_max%3A1936&tbm=bks]--> in the influential<!--葉籟士《拉丁化新文字運動的始末和編年紀事》（1987）：「影響最大的一本書」--> Sin Wenz primer {{lang|zh|《[[s:zh:中國話寫法拉丁化——理論·原則·方案|中國話寫法拉丁化——理論·原則·方案]]》}} (1935).

An alternative theory is that the double-''a'' spelling is from the {{w|Gwoyeu Romatzyh}} romanization system, where the third tone is spelled by doubling a vowel (''Shaanshi'' {{m|zh|陝西|tr=-}} vs. ''Shanshi'' {{m|zh|山西|tr=-}}), but this is less likely considering the history of {{w|Gwoyeu Romatzyh}} and {{w|Sin Wenz}}, including the political and ideological rivalry between the two systems.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɑːnˈʃiː/|/ˈʃænˈʃiː/}}, {{enPR|shänʹshēʹ}}<ref name="seltzer">{{cite-book|en|year=1952|chapter=Shensi|editor=Leon E. Seltzer|title=The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/columbialippinco00selt/|location=Morningside Heights, NY|publisher={{w|Columbia University Press}}|oclc=802473294|page=1750|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/columbialippinco00selt/page/1750/|column=1}}</ref>

===Proper noun===
{{en-proper noun}}

# {{place|en|[[province]]|c/China|[[including]] the [[Wei River]] [[valley]] and the [[fertile]] [[southern]] [[half]] of the [[Ordos]] [[loop|Loop]], [[comprising]] [[much]] of the [[Loess Plateau]]|capital=Xi'an}}.
#* {{quote-book
|en
|year=1856
|author=Thomas Taylor Meadows
|title=The Chinese and their Rebellions
|url=https://archive.org/details/chinesetheirrebe00mead/
|location=London
|publisher=w:Smith, Elder & Co.
|OCLC=318266730
|page=176
|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/chinesetheirrebe00mead/page/176/
|text=The fact, therefore, that the Tae pings, when they raised the siege of Hwae king on the 1st September marched westwards by it into '''Shan se''', shows that the Imperial forces were strong enough to prevent their descent by the Wei river.
|brackets=on}}
#* {{quote-journal
|en
|date=March 5, 1979
|author=w:Jay Mathews
|title=China Is China, But Hangchow Is Hangzhou
|journal=w:The Washington Post
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229120226/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/03/05/china-is-china-but-hangchow-is-hangzhou/0fdd559d-7499-4cec-8e8e-6036f5b50640/
|archivedate=29 December 2023
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/03/05/china-is-china-but-hangchow-is-hangzhou/0fdd559d-7499-4cec-8e8e-6036f5b50640/
|issn=0190-8286
|oclc=2269358
|url2=https://archive.ph/iJGUk
|text=Under the Pinyin system, two neighboring provinces of northern China are both spelled "Shanxi". In this special case, one of the provinces is now spelled "'''Shaanxi'''", to indicate a different tone in the first syllable.}}
#* {{quote-journal
|en
|year=1979
|month=July
|title=2,000-year-old Paper
|journal=Eastern Horizon
|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_eastern-horizon_1979-07_18_7/
|volume=XVIII
|issue=7
|location=[[Hong Kong]]
|publisher=Eastern Horizon Press
|issn=0012-8813
|oclc=751117974
|page=51
|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/sim_eastern-horizon_1979-07_18_7/page/51/
|text=Three pieces of paper which may date back to between 73 and 49 BC were recently found in Fufeng county, '''Shaanxi''' province.}}
#* {{quote-journal
|en
|year=1979
|month=August
|author=Lan Cao
|title=Tomb of the Yellow Emperor
|journal=w:China Reconstructs
|url=https://archive.org/details/cr196912/CR1979-08/
|publisher=w:China Welfare Institute
|volume=XXVIII
|issue=8
|issn=0009-4447
|oclc=1554324
|page=64
|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/cr196912/CR1979-08/page/n65/
|column=1
|text=HUANG DI, the legendary Yellow Emperor to whom is attributed the founding of the Chinese nation about 2000 B.C., is said to have been buried on the loess plateau. There is a tomb in '''Shaanxi''' province’s Huangling county which has long been honored as his.}}
#* {{quote-journal
|en
|url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsoflin107linn/
|year=1984
|title=The Phylogenetic Position of the Eugaleaspida in China
|author=Pan Jiang (P'an Kiang)
|journal=w:Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
|volume=107
|page=311
|issn=0370-047X
|oclc=1755950
|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsoflin107linn/page/311/
|text=Relevant new discoveries in China, not yet described, include polybranchiaspids and hanyangaspids which were recently (1981-82) recovered from an Early Silurian formation in western Hunan Province of south China, and in southern '''Shaanxi''' Province, west China.}}
#* {{quote-journal
|en
|date=June 16, 1986
|title=CHINESE TOMB FOUND TO BE VICTIM OF GRAVE ROBBERS
|journal=w:The New York Times
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524191311/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/16/us/chinese-tomb-found-to-be-victim-of-grave-robbers.html
|archivedate=24 May 2015
|issn=0362-4331
|oclc=1645522
|section=B
|page=10
|url2=https://archive.is/0X9iv
|text="Archeologists drew almost a complete blank in their search of the inner tomb," the official New China News Agency said Saturday in a report of excavations at the tomb site, thought to be between 2,200 and 2,800 years old. The site is in Fengxiang County of '''Shaanxi''' Province, about 90 miles west of the ancient Yellow River capital of Xian.}}
#* {{quote-web
|en
|date=13 January 2019
|title=21 die in China coal mine collapse
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113115506/https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/21-die-in-china-coal-mine-collapse/50000262-3865363
|archivedate=13 Jan 2019
|work=w:EFE
|text=Twenty one people were killed in China after the roof of a coal mine collapsed in Lijiagou, in the central province '''Shaanxi''', state media reported on Sunday.}}
#* {{quote-web
|en
|date=01/19/2022
|title=Chinese couple trapped on lockdown date get engaged
|work=w:France 24
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119050716/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220119-chinese-couple-trapped-on-lockdown-date-get-engaged
|archivedate=19 January 2022
|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220119-chinese-couple-trapped-on-lockdown-date-get-engaged
|section=Live news
|text=Zhao Xiaoqing, a 28-year-old woman from northern China's '''Shaanxi''' province, thought her date in mid-December with a young man living in a different city would be a one-day affair where she would also get to know his family.}}
#* {{seemoreCites|en}}

====Synonyms====
* {{l|en|Shen-hsi}}, {{l|en|Shenhsi}}
* {{l|en|Shensi}}
* {{q|obsolete}} {{l|en|Xensi}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|province of northwest China}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|شَانْشِي|m}}
* Armenian: {{t|hy|Շենսի}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|陝西|tr=sim2 sai1}}
*: Hokkien: {{t|nan-hbl|陝西|tr=Siám-sai}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|陝西|tr=Shǎnxī}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|Šen-si}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|შენსი}}
* Greek: {{t|el|Σαανσί}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|Senhszi}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|陝西|tr=せんせい, Sensei}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|^산시}}, {{t|ko|섬서}}
* Latin: {{t|la|Xensi}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|Šaaņsji}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|Šaansi}}, {{t|lt|Šensi}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|Шенсји}}
* Manchu: {{t|mnc|ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ}}, {{t|mnc|ᡧᠠᠨ ᠰᡳ}}
* Mongolian:
*: Mongolian script: {{t|mn|ᠱᠠᠨᠰᠢ}}
*: Cyrillic: {{t|mn|Шаньши}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|Шэньси́|f}} {{qualifier|indeclinable}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|Thiểm Tây}}
* Zhuang: {{t|za|Sanjsih}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===See also===
* {{resembles|Shanxi}}
{{table:China/en}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:Collins English Dictionary}}
* {{R:GNV|Shaanxi, Shensi, Xensi, Sha'anxi}}
* {{R:Lexico|pos=pn}}
* {{R:Merriam-Webster Online}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
* {{R:TheFreeDictionary}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160326042712/https://www.paragonbook.com/html/browsesubj/fullcitation.cfm?item=35277 Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo fen sheng dituji (Hanyu Pinyin ban) (Atlas of the People's Republic of China (Hanyu Pinyin edition)]

{{C|en|Provinces of China}}