View source for introversion

{{also|introversión}}
==English==
{{wikipedia|Extraversion and introversion}}

===Etymology===
From New {{der|en|la|introversio|intrōversio}}, from {{m|la|introvertere|intrōvertere|to [[turn]] [[within]]}}, from Classical {{der|en|la|intro||[[within]]}} and {{m|la|vertere||to [[turn]]}}. Equivalent to {{suffix|en|introvert|-sion}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɪntɹəʊˈvɜːʃən/|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/ɪntɹəˈvəɹʒən/|/ɪntɹəˈvəɹʃən/|/ɪntɹoʊˈvəɹʃən/|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɜː(ɹ)ʒən|s=4}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|-|s}}

# A [[turn]]ing [[inward]], ''[[particularly]]:''
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1796|author=w:Erasmus Darwin|title=Zoonomia|volume=II|page=186
|passage=This disease is sometimes produced by the '''introversion''' of the edge of the lower eyelid.}}
## The [[action]] of [[turn]]ing [[one's]] [[thoughts]] upon [[internal]] or [[spiritual]] [[matters]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1654|author=Thomas Gataker|title=A Discours Apologetical|page=68
|passage=...their... Fastings, Prayings,... '''Introversions''',... Humiliations, Mortifications...}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1788|author=w:John Wesley|title=Works|volume=VI|page=451
|passage=The attending to the voice of [[Christ]] within you is what [mystics] term '''Introversion'''.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1870|author=James Russell Lowell|title=My Study Windows|page=214
|passage=... {{w|Hamlet}}, who so perfectly typifies the '''introversion''' and complexity of modern thought as compared with ancient...}}
## {{lb|en|psychology}} A [[personality]] [[orientation]] towards the [[self]] and [[mental]] [[abstraction]]; [[behavior]] [[expressing]] [[such]] [[orientation]].
##* '''1912''', Trigant Burrow, "Conscious and Unconscious Mentation from the Psychoanalytic Viewpoint", [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp3RAAAAMAAJ ''Psychological Bulletin'', No. 9,] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp3RAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA159 p. 159:]
##*: ...so that when in later life there occurs an '''introversion''' (in the sense of [[:w:Carl Jung|Jung]]), it consists of a harking back to regressive, reminiscent, infantile material.
##* {{quote-journal|en|year=1915|author=w:Carl Jung|title=On Psychological Understanding|journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology|number=9|page=396
|passage=I called the [[hysterical]] type the ''[[extraversion]]'' type and the [[psychasthenic|psychasthénic]] type the '''''introversion''''' type.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=March 19 1955|journal=Science News-Letter|page=185
|passage=Patients with this disease are at times completely withdrawn from the world around them and give the picture of the very extreme of '''introversion'''.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|year=1964|author=John Michael Argyle|title=Psychology & Social Problems|page=75
|passage=[[:w:Hans Eysenck|Eysenck]] has suggested the three dimensions of [[neuroticism]], [[psychoticism]] and '''introversion'''-[[extraversion]].}}
## {{lb|en|poetry|_|&|_|literature}} [[arrangement|Arrangement]] of two [[similar]] [[word]]s, [[line]]s, etc. to [[form]] the [[middle]] [[part]] of a [[structure]].
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1896|author=Richard Green Moulton|title=The Literary Study of the Bible|page=50
|passage=Such '''introversion''' is merely a matter of form.}}

====Antonyms====
* {{l|en|extroversion}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|psychology: orientation towards the self and mental abstraction}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|內向}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|introverze|f}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|sisäänpäinsuuntautuneisuus}}, {{t+|fi|introversio}}
* German: {{t|de|Introversion|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|内向性|tr=naikōsei}}, {{t+|ja|内向|tr=naikō}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|intravertiškumas|m}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|درون‌گرایی|tr=darun-gerâyi}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|introversão|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|introversiune|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|içe dönüklük}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|hướng nội}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:OED Online|entry=introversion|part of speech=n|code=98759|date=1900}}
* {{R:Merriam-Webster Online|introversion}}

{{cln|en|terms prefixed with intro-}}