arduous: difference between revisions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Browse history interactively
← Go to previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Rukhabot (talk | contribs)
Bots
4,655,633 edits
m updating {{t}}/{{t+}}
m Translations: Spanish: removed gender tags from adjectives
 
(29 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*h₃erdʰ-}}
From {{etyl|la|en}} {{m|la|arduus||lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious}}, akin to Irish {{m|ga|ard||high}}.
From {{uder|en|la|arduus||lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious}}, akin to Irish {{m|ga|ard||high}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|RP}} {{IPA|en|/ˈɑːdjuːəs/|/ˈɑːd͡ʒuːəs/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɑː.djuː.əs/|/ˈɑː.d͡ʒuː.əs/|a=RP}}
* {{a|US}} {{IPA|en|/ˈɑːɹd͡ʒuəs/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɑɹ.d͡ʒu.əs/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-arduous.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-arduous.ogg|a=US}}


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
Line 20: Line 21:
|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17878435
|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17878435
|page=
|page=
|passage=Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly '''arduous''' task to finish in the Premier League's top four.}}
|passage={{w|Chelsea Football Club|Chelsea}} survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against {{w|Bayern Munich}} in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly '''arduous''' task to finish in the Premier League's top four.}}
#* {{seemoreCites|en}}
#* {{seemoreCites|en}}
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} [[burning]]; [[ardent]]
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} [[burning]]; [[ardent]]
#* '''1805-1814''', Dante, {{w|Henry Francis Cary}} (translator), ''The Divine Comedy''
#* {{rfdate|en}} Cary:
#*: {{quote|en|Where flames the '''arduous''' Spirit of Isidore.}}
#*: {{quote|en|Where flames the '''arduous''' Spirit of Isidore.}}
# [[difficult|Difficult]] or [[exhausting]] to [[traverse]].
# [[difficult|Difficult]] or [[exhausting]] to [[traverse]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1974|author=Sue Bowder|title=The American biking atlas & touring guide|page=77|passage=Beyond the river, an '''arduous''' slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1974|author=Sue Bowder|title=The American biking atlas & touring guide|page=77|passage=Beyond the river, an '''arduous''' slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.}}
#* '''1999''', Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, ''Dinoverse'':
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1999|author=Scott Ciencin; Mike Fredericks|title=Dinoverse
#*: Mike looked up from the '''arduous''' mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.
|passage=Mike looked up from the '''arduous''' mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2006|author=Jack W. Plunkett|title=Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006|passage=Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an '''arduous''' cliff.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2006|author=Jack W. Plunkett|title=Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006|passage=Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an '''arduous''' cliff.}}
#* {{seemoreCites|en}}
#* {{seemoreCites|en}}
Line 36: Line 37:


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
* {{l|en|arduousness}}
{{col-auto|en|arduously|unarduous|arduousness}}


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
Line 47: Line 48:
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|ardu}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|ardu}}
* Chinese:
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|艱苦|sc=Hani}}, {{t+|cmn|艰苦|tr=jiānkǔ|sc=Hani}}
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|艱苦|tr=gaan1 fu2}}, {{t|yue|艱巨|tr=gaan1 geoi6}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|艱苦|tr=jiānkǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|艱巨|tr=jiānjù}}
* Danish: {{t|da|anstrengende}}, {{t+|da|besværlig}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|uitputtend}}, {{t+|nl|zwaar}}, {{t+|nl|moeizaam}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|uitputtend}}, {{t+|nl|zwaar}}, {{t+|nl|moeizaam}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vaivalloinen}}, {{t+|fi|työläs}}, {{t+|fi|uuvuttava}}, {{t+|fi|rasittava}}, {{t+|fi|ankara}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vaivalloinen}}, {{t+|fi|työläs}}, {{t+|fi|uuvuttava}}, {{t+|fi|rasittava}}, {{t+|fi|ankara}}
* French: {{t+|fr|ardu}}
* French: {{t+|fr|ardu}}
* German: {{t+|de|mühsam}},{{t+|de|anstrengend}}, {{t+|de|beschwerlich}}, {{t+|de|erschöpfend}}
* German: {{t+|de|mühsam}}, {{t+|de|anstrengend}}, {{t+|de|beschwerlich}}, {{t+|de|erschöpfend}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|megerőltető}}, {{t+|hu|fárasztó}}, {{t+|hu|fáradságos}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|megerőltető}}, {{t+|hu|fárasztó}}, {{t+|hu|fáradságos}}
* Interlingue: {{t|ie|ardui}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|arduo}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|arduo}}
{{trans-mid}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|苦しい|tr=くるしい, kurushii|sc=Jpan}}, {{t+|ja|難儀|tr=なんぎな, nangi-na|alt=難儀な|sc=Jpan}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|苦しい|tr=くるしい, kurushii|sc=Jpan}}, {{t+|ja|難儀|tr=なんぎな, nangi-na|alt=難儀な|sc=Jpan}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|고난|tr=gonan-ui|alt=고난의}}, {{t|ko|힘드는}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|고난|alt=고난-의}}, {{t|ko|힘드는}}
* Norwegian: {{t|no|slitsom}}, {{t+|no|vanskelig}}
* Norwegian: {{t|no|slitsom}}, {{t+|no|vanskelig}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|uciążliwy}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|uciążliwy}}, {{t+|pl|arcytrudny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|árduo}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|árduo}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|напряжённый}}, {{t+|ru|тру́дный}}, {{t+|ru|тяжёлый}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|напряжённый}}, {{t+|ru|тру́дный}}, {{t+|ru|тяжёлый}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|mukotrpan}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|mukotrpan}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|arduo}}, {{t+|es|riguroso}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|arduo}}, {{t+|es|riguroso}}, {{t+|es|dispendioso}} {{qualifier|Colombia}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|arbetsam}}, {{t+|sv|besvärlig}}, {{t+|sv|jobbig}}, {{t+|sv|ansträngande}}, {{t+|sv|avancerad}}, {{t+|sv|krånglig}}, {{t+|sv|svår}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|arbetsam}}, {{t+|sv|besvärlig}}, {{t+|sv|jobbig}}, {{t+|sv|ansträngande}}, {{t+|sv|avancerad}}, {{t+|sv|krånglig}}, {{t+|sv|svår}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|ağır}}, {{t+|tr|çetin}}, {{t+|tr|gayretli}}, {{t+|tr|güç}}, {{t+|tr|zor}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|ağır}}, {{t+|tr|çetin}}, {{t+|tr|gayretli}}, {{t+|tr|güç}}, {{t+|tr|zor}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


{{trans-top|hard to climb}}
{{trans-top|hard to climb or traverse}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|стръмен}}, {{t+|bg|недостъпен}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|стръмен}}, {{t+|bg|недостъпен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|ardu}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|ardu}}
Line 74: Line 75:
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|jyrkkä}}, {{t+|fi|vaativa}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|jyrkkä}}, {{t+|fi|vaativa}}
* German: {{t+|de|steil}}
* German: {{t+|de|steil}}
* Interlingue: {{t|ie|ardui}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|meredek}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|arduo}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|arduo}}
{{trans-mid}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|vanskelig}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|vanskelig}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|صعب‌العبور|tr=sa'b-ol-obur}}, {{t|fa|دشوارگذر|tr=došvâr-gozar}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|árduo}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|árduo}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|круто́й}}, {{t+|ru|труднодосту́пный}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|круто́й}}, {{t+|ru|труднодосту́пный}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|arduo}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|arduo}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|brant}}, {{t+|sv|besvärlig}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|brant}}, {{t+|sv|besvärlig}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|саъбулубур}}, {{t|tg|душворгузар}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|sarp}}, {{t+|tr|çetin}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|sarp}}, {{t+|tr|çetin}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


{{checktrans-top}}
{{checktrans-top}}
* Bengali: {{t-check|bn||tr=shramasadhya}}
* Bengali: {{t+check|bn|শ্রমসাধ্য}}
⚫
* Ido: {{t-check|io|[[des]]-[[facila]]}} (1), {{t+check|io|abrupta}} (2)
{{trans-mid}}
⚫
* {{ttbc|io}}: {{t|io|[[des]]-[[facila]]}} (1), {{t+|io|abrupta}} (2)
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


Latest revision as of 13:43, 2 September 2024

English

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”), akin to Irish ard (“high”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

arduous (comparative more arduous, superlative most arduous)

  1. Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance.
    The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.
    • 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport‎[1]:
      Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:arduous.
  2. (obsolete) burning; ardent
    • 1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy
      Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.
  3. Difficult or exhausting to traverse.
    • 1974, Sue Bowder, The American biking atlas & touring guide, page 77:
      Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.
    • 1999, Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, Dinoverse:
      Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.
    • 2006, Jack W. Plunkett, Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006:
      Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an arduous cliff.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:arduous.

Synonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Translations

[edit]
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Further reading

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=arduous&oldid=81465476"