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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From ''{{w|Gradus ad Parnassum}}'' ({{etyl|la|en}}, literally, a step to Parnassus), a 17th-century [[prosody]] dictionary long used in British schools.
From ''{{w|Gradus ad Parnassum}}'' ({{uder|en|la|-}}, literally, a step to Parnassus), a 17th-century [[prosody]] dictionary long used in British schools. {{doublet|en|grade}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
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===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=adgrsu|Dagurs|Dugars|Guards|draugs|durags|guards}}
* {{anagrams|en|a=adgrsu|Dagurs|Dugars|Guards|draugs|durags|guards}}

----


==French==
==French==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From ''{{w|Gradus ad Parnassum}}'' ({{etyl|la|en}}, literally, a step to Parnassus), a 17th-century [[prosody]] dictionary long used in British schools.
{{ellipsis|fr|{{w|Gradus ad Parnassum}}|lit=a step to Parnassus}}, a 17th-century [[prosody]] dictionary long used in British schools. {{doublet|fr|grade}}.


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}
{{fr-noun|m}}


# [[gradus]]
# {{l|en|gradus}}
# Any books of instruction, or guides, in which gradual progress in literature, language instruction, music, or the arts in general, is sought.
# any books of instruction, or guides, in which gradual progress in literature, language instruction, music, or the arts in general, is sought


===Further reading===
----
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}


==Latin==
==Latin==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*graðus}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*gʰredʰ-||to walk, go}}. Cognate with {{cog|sla-pro|*gręsti}} ({{cog|cu|грѧсти}}), {{cog|lt|gridyti}}, {{cog|gem-pro|*gridiz}} ({{cog|got|𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌳𐍃}}), {{cog|goh|crit}}). The expected form would be {{m|la|*radus}}.
From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*graðus}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*gʰredʰ-|t=to walk, go}}. See {{m|la|gradior|t=to step, walk}} for discussion on cognates.<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|page=268|head=gradior, gradī}}</ref>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
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# a [[step]], [[pace]]
# a [[step]], [[pace]]
# a [[grade]]
# a [[stage]], [[degree]]
# a [[stage]], [[degree]]
# a [[rank]]
# a [[rank]]
#: {{syn|la|ōrdō|classis|sors}}
# {{lb|la|by extension}} a [[position]], [[station]], [[ground]]
# {{lb|la|by extension}} a [[position]], [[station]], [[ground]]
# [[firm]] [[position]], [[stand]]
# [[firm]] [[position]], [[stand]]
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# a [[braid]] of [[hair]]
# a [[braid]] of [[hair]]
# {{lb|la|mathematics}} [[degree]]
# {{lb|la|mathematics}} [[degree]]
#* '''1553''', ''Luminarum atque Planetarum motuum Tabulae octogina quinque, omnium ex his quae Alphonsum sequuntur quam faciles'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=J7-aUqndzKEC&dq=%22planetarum%22&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q=%22planetarum%22&f=false]
#* {{quote-book|la|year=1553|title=Luminarum atque Planetarum motuum Tabulae octogina quinque, omnium ex his quae Alphonsum sequuntur quam faciles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7-aUqndzKEC&dq=%22planetarum%22&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q=%22planetarum%22&f=false
#*: Motus, seu locus, per signa, '''gradus''', minuta, et secunda constitutus, intelligitur (secundum regulam Alphonsi) signa physica, id est quodlibet signum ex 60 '''gradibus''' compositum, et quilibet '''gradus''' ex 60 minutis, et quodlibet minutum ex 60 secundis, et sic succesivem: et per consequens, sex signa totum circulum perficiunt.
|passage=Motus, seu locus, per signa, '''gradus''', minuta, et secunda constitutus, intelligitur (secundum regulam Alphonsi) signa physica, id est quodlibet signum ex 60 '''gradibus''' compositum, et quilibet '''gradus''' ex 60 minutis, et quodlibet minutum ex 60 secundis, et sic succesivem: et per consequens, sex signa totum circulum perficiunt.
#*:: A motion, or location, for a sign, being composed of '''degrees''', minutes, and seconds, is understood (according to the rule of Alphonse) to be a physical sign, that is, every sign is composed of 60 '''degrees''', and every '''degree''' of 60 minutes, and every minute of 60 seconds, and so on and so forth: and in consequence, six signs make up an entire circle.
|translation=A motion, or location, for a sign, being composed of '''degrees''', minutes, and seconds, is understood (according to the rule of Alphonse) to be a physical sign, that is, every sign is composed of 60 '''degrees''', and every '''degree''' of 60 minutes, and every minute of 60 seconds, and so on and so forth: and in consequence, six signs make up an entire circle.}}


====Declension====
====Declension====
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* {{l|la|gradārius}}
* {{l|la|gradārius}}
* {{l|la|gradātim}}
* {{l|la|gradātim}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|la|gradātiō}}
* {{l|la|gradātiō}}
* {{l|la|gradātus}}
* {{l|la|gradātus}}
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====Descendants====
====Descendants====
{{top3}}
{{top4}}
* {{desc|ast|grau}}
* {{desc|ast|grau}}
* {{desc|ca|grau}}
* {{desctree|ca|grau}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|en|gradus}}
⚫
* {{desctree|bor=1|fr|grade}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|goh|grād}} {{q|from Gallo-Romance}}
⚫
** {{desc|de|Grad}}
⚫
* {{desc|gl|grao}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|grádus}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|sga|grád}}
⚫
** {{desc|ga|grád}}
* {{desc|it|grado}}
* {{desc|it|grado}}
⚫
* {{desc|oc|gra}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|non|gráða||step, degree; podium}} {{q|from Gallo-Romance}}
** {{desc|is|gráða}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|grao|graao}}
* {{desc|pt|grau}}, {{desc|bor=1|pt|grado|nolb=1}}
** {{desc|gl|grao}}
* {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*grað|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|grau}}
** {{desc|bor=1|cy|gradd}}
* {{desc|osp|grado}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|градус}}
** {{desc|es|grado}}
⚫
* {{desc|es|grado}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|grad}}
* {{desc|VL.|*grada|der=1}}
* {{desc|VL.|*grada|der=1}}
** {{desc|ca|grada}}
** {{desc|ca|grada}}
** {{desc|egl|grada}}
** {{desc|scn|grada}}
** {{desc|es|grada}}
** {{desc|es|grada}}
⚫
** {{desc|oc|grasa}}
* {{desc|VL.|*dēgradus|der=1}}
* {{desc|VL.|*dēgradus|der=1}}
** {{desctree|fro|degré}}
** {{desctree|fro|degré}}
** {{desc|oc|degrà}}
** {{desc|oc|degrà}}
** {{desc|pt|degrau}}
** {{desc|pt|degrau}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|en|gradus}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|eo|grado}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|grádus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|frm|grade}}
⚫
** {{desctree|fr|grade}}
** {{desc|bor=1|en|grade}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|goh|grād|qq=from Gallo-Romance}}
⚫
** {{desc|de|Grad}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|sga|grád|id=gradus}}
⚫
* {{desctree|bor=1|non|gráða|t=step, degree; podium|qq=from Gallo-Romance}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|grado}}
* {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*grað|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cy|gradd}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|градус}}
⚫
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|grad}}
{{bottom}}
{{bottom}}


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* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
<references />

Latest revision as of 10:02, 18 September 2024

See also: Gradus, and grádus

English

[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

[edit]

From Gradus ad Parnassum (Latin, literally, a step to Parnassus), a 17th-century prosody dictionary long used in British schools. Doublet of grade.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

gradus (plural graduses)

  1. A handbook used as an aid in a difficult art or practice, specifically, a dictionary of Greek or Latin prosody used as a guide in writing of poetry in Greek or Latin.

Anagrams

[edit]

French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Ellipsis of Gradus ad Parnassum (literally “a step to Parnassus”), a 17th-century prosody dictionary long used in British schools. Doublet of grade.

Noun

[edit]

gradus m (plural gradus)

  1. gradus
  2. any books of instruction, or guides, in which gradual progress in literature, language instruction, music, or the arts in general, is sought

Further reading

[edit]

Latin

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Italic *graðus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). See gradior (“to step, walk”) for discussion on cognates.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

gradus m (genitive gradūs); fourth declension

  1. a step, pace
  2. a grade
  3. a stage, degree
  4. a rank
    Synonyms: ōrdō, classis, sors
  5. (by extension) a position, station, ground
  6. firm position, stand
  7. a step, stair, rung of a ladder
  8. a braid of hair
  9. (mathematics) degree
    • 1553, Luminarum atque Planetarum motuum Tabulae octogina quinque, omnium ex his quae Alphonsum sequuntur quam faciles‎[1]:
      Motus, seu locus, per signa, gradus, minuta, et secunda constitutus, intelligitur (secundum regulam Alphonsi) signa physica, id est quodlibet signum ex 60 gradibus compositum, et quilibet gradus ex 60 minutis, et quodlibet minutum ex 60 secundis, et sic succesivem: et per consequens, sex signa totum circulum perficiunt.
      A motion, or location, for a sign, being composed of degrees, minutes, and seconds, is understood (according to the rule of Alphonse) to be a physical sign, that is, every sign is composed of 60 degrees, and every degree of 60 minutes, and every minute of 60 seconds, and so on and so forth: and in consequence, six signs make up an entire circle.

Declension

[edit]
  • Archaic genitive singular graduis is occasionally found.

Fourth-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative gradus gradūs
genitive gradūs graduum
dative graduī gradibus
accusative gradum gradūs
ablative gradū gradibus
vocative gradus gradūs

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • “gradus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “gradus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • gradus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • gradus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to take a step: gradum facere
    • to increase one's pace: gradum addere (sc. gradui) (Liv. 26. 9)
    • on tiptoe: suspenso gradu
    • to retreat step by step: gradum sensim referre
    • to disconcert a person: animum alicuius de statu, de gradu demovere (more strongly depellere, deturbare)
    • to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de gradu deici, ut dicitur
    • to occupy a very high position in the state: in altissimo dignitatis gradu collocatum, locatum, positum esse
    • to depose, bring down a person from his elevated position: aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare (Dom. 37. 98)
    • to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6): aliquem de dignitatis gradu demovere
    • to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6): aliquem gradu movere, depellere or de gradu (statu) deicere
    • to attain a position of dignity: dignitatis gradum ascendere
    • to reach the highest grade of office: amplissimos honorum gradus assequi, adipisci
    • to advance rapidly: citato gradu incedere (cf. sect. II. 5)
    • to halt: gradum sistere
    • to march on the enemy: gradum inferre in hostem
  • “gradus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “gradus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gradior, gradī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 268
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