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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{etyl|fr|en}} {{m|fr|sardonique}}, from {{etyl|la|en}} {{m|la|sardonius}}, from {{etyl|grc|en}} {{m|grc|σαρδόνιος}}, alternative form of {{m|grc|σαρδάνιος||bitter or scornful laughter}}, which is often cited as deriving from the Sardinian plant (''[[w:Ranunculus sardous|Ranunculus sardous]]''), known as either {{m|grc|σαρδάνη}} or {{m|grc|σαρδόνιον}}. When eaten, it would cause the eater's face to contort in a look resembling scorn (generally followed by death)<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/5344257/Mystery-of-the-sardonic-grin-solved.html</ref>. It might also be related to {{m|grc|σαίρω||I grin}}.
From {{bor|en|fr|sardonique}}, from {{der|en|la|sardonius}},<ref>{{R:Etymonline|pos=adj}}</ref> from {{der|en|grc|σαρδόνιος}}, alternative form of {{m|grc|σαρδάνιος||bitter or scornful laughter}}, which is often cited as deriving from the Sardinian plant ({{taxlink|Ranunculus sardous|species}} or possibly {{taxlink|Oenanthe crocata|species}}), known as either {{m|grc|σαρδάνη}} or {{m|grc|σαρδόνιον}}. When eaten, it would cause the eater's face to contort in a look resembling scorn (generally followed by death).<ref>{{cite-web|titleurl=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/5344257/Mystery-of-the-sardonic-grin-solved.html |author=Nick Squires|work={{w|The Telegraph}}|date=2009-05-18|accessdate=2020-03-04 |title=Mystery of the 'sardonic grin' solved}}</ref> It might also be related to {{m|grc|σαίρω||I grin}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|AusE}} {{IPA|/saːˈdɔnɪk/|lang=en}}
* {{IPA|en|/sɑːˈdɒnɪk/|a=RP}}
* {{a|RP}} {{IPA|/sɑːˈdɒnɪk/|lang=en}}
* {{IPA|en|/sɑɹˈdɑnɪk/|a=GA}}
** {{audio|en|en-us-sardonic.ogg|a=US}}
* {{a|US}} {{IPA|/sɑɹˈdɑːnɪk/|lang=en}}
* {{audio|en-us-sardonic.ogg|Audio (US)|lang=en}}
* {{IPA|en|/sɐːˈdɔnɪk/|a=AusE}}
* {{audio|en-au-sardonic.ogg|Audio (AU)|lang=en}}
** {{audio|en|en-au-sardonic.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|ɒnɪk|lang=en}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɒnɪk|s=3}}


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
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# [[scorn|Scornfully]] [[mock]]ing or [[cynical]].
# [[scorn|Scornfully]] [[mock]]ing or [[cynical]].
#: {{syn|en|sneering|satirical}}
#: ''He distances himself from people with his nasty, '''sardonic''' laughter.''
#: {{ux|en|He distances himself from people with his nasty, '''sardonic''' laughter.}}
#* Sir H. Wotton
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1685|author=w:Henry Wotton|chapter=[A Deſcription of the Countrys Recreations.] Poems Found among the Papers of Sir Henry Wotton|title=Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, or, A collection of Lives, Letters, Poems; {{...|With Characters of Sundry Personages: and Other Incomparable Pieces of Language and Art. Alſo Additional Letters to ſeveral Perſons not Before Printed.}}|edition=Fourth|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed for}} B[enjamin] Tooke, {{...|at the ship in St. Paul’s Church-yard,}} and T[homas] Sawbridge {{...|at the Three Flower de Luce’s in Little Britain}}|oclc=1052510817|pages=390–391|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/reliquiaewottoni00wott/page/391/mode/1up|passage=[Q]Uivering fears, Heart-tearing cares, / Anxious ſighs, Untimely tears, / Fly, fly to the Courts; / Fly to fond worldings ſports, / Where ſtrain’d '''''Sardonick''''' ſmiles are cloſing ſtill, / And grief is forc’d to laugh againſt her will; / Where mirth’s but mummery, / And ſorrows only real be.}}
#*: strained, '''sardonic''' smiles
#* {{RQ:Burke Regicide Peace|1|34|At the opening of thoſe doors, what a ſight it muſt be to behold the plenipotentiaries of royal impotence, in the precedency which they will intrigue to obtain, and which will be granted to them according to the ſeniority of their degradation, ſneaking into the Regicide preſence, and with the reliques of the ſmile which they had dreſſed up, for the levee of their maſters, ſlill flickering on their curled lips, preſenting the faded remains of their courtly graces, to meet the ſcornful, ferocious, '''ſardonic''' grin of a bloody ruffian, who, whilſt he is receiving their homage, is meaſuring them with his eye, and fitting to their ſize the ſlider of his Guillotine!}}
#* Burke
#* {{RQ:Doyle Return of Sherlock Holmes|The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter|309|The carriage stopped, the doctor alighted, walked swiftly back to where I had also halted, and told me in an excellent '''sardonic''' fashion that he feared the road was narrow, and that he hoped his carriage did not impede the passage of my bicycle.}}
#*: the scornful, ferocious, '''sardonic''' grin of a bloody ruffian
# [[disdain|Disdainfully]] or [[ironic]]ally [[humorous]].
# [[disdain|Disdainfully]] or [[ironic]]ally [[humorous]].
⚫
#: {{syn|en|sarcastic}}
#* {{quote-journal|lang=en|author=Carl Deroux, editor|journal=Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History [Collection Latomus; 164]|location=Brussels|publisher=Latomus|year=1979|volume=1|page=111|oclc=5900307|passage=Another manifestation, significantly reaching its apogee in the midst of Antonine virtues, was the growing popularity of adoxographical exercises. Mock panegyrics were dashed off, not just by '''sardonic''' intellectuals such as {{w|Lucian}}, but also by trained courtiers and polished encomiasts of the stamp of [[w:Marcus Cornelius Fronto|[Marcus Cornelius] Fronto]].}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|editor=Carl Deroux|journal=Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History [Collection Latomus; 164]|location=Brussels|publisher=Latomus|year=1979|volume=1| page=111|oclc=5900307|passage=Another manifestation, significantly reaching its apogee in the midst of Antonine virtues, was the growing popularity of adoxographical exercises. Mock panegyrics were dashed off, not just by '''sardonic''' intellectuals such as {{w|Lucian}}, but also by trained courtiers and polished encomiasts of the stamp of [[w:Marcus Cornelius Fronto|[Marcus Cornelius] Fronto]].}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|en|sardonicism|sardonically|sardonical|unsardonic|sardony}}


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
* {{l|en|Sardonian}}
{{col-auto|en|Sardonian<qq:obsolete>|sardonyx|sardoin}}
⚫
* [[sarcastic]]


====Translations====
====Translations====
{{trans-top|scornfully mocking}}
{{trans-top|scornfully mocking}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|язвителен}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|sardònic}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|sardonický}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|sardonisch}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|sardonisch}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|häijy}}, {{t+|fi|ivallinen}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[katkera]]n [[ivallinen]]}}, {{t+|fi|ivallinen}}, {{t+|fi|häijy}}, {{t+|fi|sardoninen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|sardonique}}
* French: {{t+|fr|sardonique}}
* German: {{t+|de|hämisch}}, {{t+|de|mokant}}
* German: {{t+|de|hämisch}}, {{t+|de|mokant}}
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* Norwegian: {{t+|no|bitter}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|bitter}}
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|sardonisk}}
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|sardonisk}}
⚫
* Persian: {{t+|fa|زهرخنده|tr=zahrxande}}
{{trans-mid}}
⚫
* Persian: {{t+|fa|زهرخنده|tr=zahrxande|sc=fa-Arab}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|sardoniczny}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|sardoniczny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sardónico}} {{qualifier|Portugal}}, {{t+|pt|sardônico}} {{qualifier|Brazil}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sardónico}} {{qualifier|Portugal}}, {{t+|pt|sardônico}} {{qualifier|Brazil}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|сардони́ческий}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|сардони́ческий}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|sardóničen}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|sardóničen}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|sardónico|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|sardónico}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|bitter}}, {{t+|sv|sardonisk}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|bitter}}, {{t+|sv|sardonisk}}
* Turkish: {{t|tr|hakaret dolu}}, {{t|tr|horlayıcı}}, {{t|tr|küçümseyen}}, {{t+|tr|küçümseyici}}, {{t+|tr|acı}}
* Turkish: {{t|tr|hakaret dolu}}, {{t|tr|horlayıcı}}, {{t|tr|küçümseyen}}, {{t+|tr|küçümseyici}}, {{t+|tr|acı}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|сардоні́чний}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


{{trans-top|ironically humorous}}
{{trans-top|ironically humorous}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|подигравателен}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|sardonický}}
* French: {{t+|fr|sardonique}}
* French: {{t+|fr|sardonique}}
* German: {{t+|de|bitter}}, {{t+|de|sarkastisch}}, {{t+|de|sardonisch}}
* German: {{t+|de|bitter}}, {{t+|de|sarkastisch}}, {{t+|de|sardonisch}}
Line 56: Line 64:
* Polish: {{t+|pl|sardoniczny}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|sardoniczny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sardónico}} {{qualifier|Portugal}}, {{t+|pt|sardônico}} {{qualifier|Brazil}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sardónico}} {{qualifier|Portugal}}, {{t+|pt|sardônico}} {{qualifier|Brazil}}
{{trans-mid}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|sardóničen}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|sardóničen}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|sardónico}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|sardónico}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|ondskefull}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|ondskefull}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|alaylı}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|alaylı}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
<references />

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|Sardonicism}}
* {{R:MWO}}


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acdinors|Scardino}}
* {{anagrams|en|a=acdinors|Scardino}}


[[Category:en:Comedy]]
{{C|en|Comedy}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|sardonique}}, from {{der|ro|la|sardonicus}}.

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|sardonic}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

Latest revision as of 12:19, 27 September 2024

English

[edit]
WOTD – 24 April 2007

Etymology

[edit]

From French sardonique, from Latin sardonius,[1] from Ancient Greek σαρδόνιος (sardónios), alternative form of σαρδάνιος (sardánios, “bitter or scornful laughter”), which is often cited as deriving from the Sardinian plant (Ranunculus sardous or possibly Oenanthe crocata), known as either σαρδάνη (sardánē) or σαρδόνιον (sardónion). When eaten, it would cause the eater's face to contort in a look resembling scorn (generally followed by death).[2] It might also be related to σαίρω (saírō, “I grin”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

sardonic (comparative more sardonic, superlative most sardonic)

  1. Scornfully mocking or cynical.
    Synonyms: sneering, satirical
    He distances himself from people with his nasty, sardonic laughter.
    • 1685, Henry Wotton, “[A Deſcription of the Countrys Recreations.] Poems Found among the Papers of Sir Henry Wotton”, in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, or, A collection of Lives, Letters, Poems; […] , Fourth edition, London: […] B[enjamin] Tooke, […] and T[homas] Sawbridge […] , →OCLC, pages 390–391:
      [Q]Uivering fears, Heart-tearing cares, / Anxious ſighs, Untimely tears, / Fly, fly to the Courts; / Fly to fond worldings ſports, / Where ſtrain’d Sardonick ſmiles are cloſing ſtill, / And grief is forc’d to laugh againſt her will; / Where mirth’s but mummery, / And ſorrows only real be.
    • 1796, Edmund Burke, “Letter I. On the Overtures of Peace.”, in Two Letters Addressed to a Member of the Present Parliament on the Proposals for Peace with the Regicide Directory of France, London: […] F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […], published 20 October 1796, →OCLC, page 34:
      At the opening of thoſe doors, what a ſight it muſt be to behold the plenipotentiaries of royal impotence, in the precedency which they will intrigue to obtain, and which will be granted to them according to the ſeniority of their degradation, ſneaking into the Regicide preſence, and with the reliques of the ſmile which they had dreſſed up, for the levee of their maſters, ſlill flickering on their curled lips, preſenting the faded remains of their courtly graces, to meet the ſcornful, ferocious, ſardonic grin of a bloody ruffian, who, whilſt he is receiving their homage, is meaſuring them with his eye, and fitting to their ſize the ſlider of his Guillotine!
    • 1904 August, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC, page 309:
      The carriage stopped, the doctor alighted, walked swiftly back to where I had also halted, and told me in an excellent sardonic fashion that he feared the road was narrow, and that he hoped his carriage did not impede the passage of my bicycle.
  2. Disdainfully or ironically humorous.
    Synonym: sarcastic
    • 1979, Carl Deroux, editor, Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History [Collection Latomus; 164], volume 1, Brussels: Latomus, →OCLC, page 111:
      Another manifestation, significantly reaching its apogee in the midst of Antonine virtues, was the growing popularity of adoxographical exercises. Mock panegyrics were dashed off, not just by sardonic intellectuals such as Lucian, but also by trained courtiers and polished encomiasts of the stamp of [Marcus Cornelius] Fronto.

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Translations

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “sardonic (adj.)”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ^ Nick Squires (2009 May 18) “Mystery of the 'sardonic grin' solved”, in The Telegraph, retrieved 2020-03-04

Further reading

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Romanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from French sardonique, from Latin sardonicus.

Adjective

[edit]

sardonic m or n (feminine singular sardonică, masculine plural sardonici, feminine and neuter plural sardonice)

  1. sardonic

Declension

[edit]
Declension of sardonic
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite sardonic sardonică sardonici sardonice
definite sardonicul sardonica sardonicii sardonicele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite sardonic sardonice sardonici sardonice
definite sardonicului sardonicei sardonicilor sardonicelor
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