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{{also|CUD|ćud|cüd|čud|cuð|цуд}}
{{also|Appendix:Variations of "cud"}}
==English==
==English==


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|code}}, {{m|enm|cudde}}, {{m|enm|coude}}, {{m|enm|quede}}, {{m|enm|quide}}, from {{inh|en|ang|cudu}}, {{m|ang|cwidu}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*kwidu}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*kweduz||resin}}.
From {{inh|en|enm|code}}, {{m|enm|cudde}}, {{m|enm|coude}}, {{m|enm|quede}}, {{m|enm|quide}}, from {{inh|en|ang|cudu}}, {{m|ang|cwidu}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*kwidu}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*kweduz||resin}}. {{doublet|en|quid|t1=material for chewing}}.


Cognate with {{cog|de|Kitt}} and {{cog|sa|जतु|t=lac, gum}}.
Cognate with {{cog|de|Kitt}} and {{cog|sa|जतु|t=lac, gum}}.
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====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
* {{enPR|kŭd}}, {{IPA|en|/kʌd/}}
* {{enPR|kŭd}}, {{IPA|en|/kʌd/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cud.wav|Audio (Southern England)}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cud.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʌd|s=1}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʌd|s=1}}


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=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|en|cudweed
* [[chew the cud]]
|chew the cud}}


=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
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* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ལྡད}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ལྡད}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|geviş}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|geviş}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|жу́йка|f}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|cil|m}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|cil|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}
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# {{lb|en|transitive}} To bring back into the mouth and chew a second time.
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To bring back into the mouth and chew a second time.
#* {{RQ:Carr Book of Small|Singing|passage=Here were two ladies nearly fifty years old, throwing back their heads to sing love songs, nursery songs, hymns, God Save the Queen, Rule Britannia—songs that spilled over the drawing-room as easily as Small's cow songs spilled over the yard, only Small's songs were new, fresh grass snatched as the cow snatched pasture grass. The ladies’ songs were rechews—'''cudded''' fodder.}}
#* {{RQ:Carr Book of Small|Singing|passage=Here were two ladies nearly fifty years old, throwing back their heads to sing love songs, nursery songs, hymns, God Save the Queen, Rule Britannia—songs that spilled over the drawing-room as easily as Small's cow songs spilled over the yard, only Small's songs were new, fresh grass snatched as the cow snatched pasture grass. The ladies’ songs were rechews—'''cudded''' fodder.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1952|author={{w|Doris Lessing}}|title={{w|Martha Quest}}|publisher=HarperCollins|year_published=2009|section=Part One, Chapter Two
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1952|author=w:Doris Lessing|title=w:Martha Quest|publisher=HarperCollins|year_published=2009|section=Part One, Chapter Two
|passage={{...}} although the wagon wheels perpetually flung up rivers of red sand, and she travelled in a column of whirling ruddy dust, the sweet perfumes of newly '''cudded''' grass mingled with it, mile after mile, as if the four-divided stomachs of the great oxen were filled with nothing but concentrated memories of hours of grazing along the water heavy vleis.}}
|passage={{...}} although the wagon wheels perpetually flung up rivers of red sand, and she travelled in a column of whirling ruddy dust, the sweet perfumes of newly '''cudded''' grass mingled with it, mile after mile, as if the four-divided stomachs of the great oxen were filled with nothing but concentrated memories of hours of grazing along the water heavy vleis.}}


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====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{IPA|en|/kʊd/}}
{{IPA|en|/kʊd/}}
*{{audio|en|en-us-could.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-could.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʊd}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʊd|s=1}}


====Verb====
====Verb====
{{head|en|verb form}}
{{head|en|verb form}}


# {{lb|en|nonstandard|informal}} {{alternative form of|en|could}}
# {{lb|en|nonstandard|informal}} {{eye dialect of|en|could}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Jack London|authorlink=Jack London|title=The Men of Forty-Mile|passage='Twas the anchor-ice comin' up. To the right, to the lift, as far as iver a man '''cud''' see, the water was covered with the same.|year=1899}}


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=cdu|CDU|DCU|UCD|UDC|ucd}}
* {{anagrams|en|a=cdu|ucd|CDU|UCD|DCU|UDC|duc}}


[[Category:English heteronyms]]
{{cln|en|heteronyms}}

==Kashubian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|csb|sla-pro|*čudo}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{csb-pr}}

===Noun===
{{csb-noun|m-in}}

# [[miracle]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:csb:Trepczyk:1994|+}}
* {{R:csb:SPK|+}}
* {{R:csb:ISKJ|+|13404}}


==Polish==
==Polish==
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{dercat|pl|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}
{{dercat|pl|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}
{{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|[[czud]], [[czudo]]}}, from {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*čudo}}. {{etydate|16th century}}
{{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|[[czud]], [[czudo]]}}, from {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*čudo}}.


Cognates include {{cog|grc|κῦδος||glory}}. The current form is a result of [[mazuration#English|mazuration]].
Cognates include {{cog|grc|κῦδος||glory}}. The current form is a result of [[mazuration#English|mazuration]].


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
{{pl-p|a=Pl-cud.ogg}}
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-cud.ogg}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
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* {{R:cy:GPC}}
* {{R:cy:GPC}}


{{C|cy|Birds of prey}}
{{C|cy|Kites (birds)}}

Latest revision as of 22:05, 3 October 2024

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cud"

English

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle English code, cudde, coude, quede, quide, from Old English cudu, cwidu, from Proto-West Germanic *kwidu, from Proto-Germanic *kweduz (“resin”). Doublet of quid (“material for chewing”).

Cognate with German Kitt and Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

cud (countable and uncountable, plural cuds)

  1. The portion of food which is brought back into the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be chewed a second time.
Derived terms
[edit]
Translations
[edit]

Verb

[edit]

cud (third-person singular simple present cuds, present participle cudding, simple past and past participle cudded)

  1. (transitive) To bring back into the mouth and chew a second time.
    • 1942, Emily Carr, “Singing”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:
      Here were two ladies nearly fifty years old, throwing back their heads to sing love songs, nursery songs, hymns, God Save the Queen, Rule Britannia—songs that spilled over the drawing-room as easily as Small's cow songs spilled over the yard, only Small's songs were new, fresh grass snatched as the cow snatched pasture grass. The ladies’ songs were rechews—cudded fodder.
    • 1952, Doris Lessing, Martha Quest, HarperCollins, published 2009, Part One, Chapter Two:
      […] although the wagon wheels perpetually flung up rivers of red sand, and she travelled in a column of whirling ruddy dust, the sweet perfumes of newly cudded grass mingled with it, mile after mile, as if the four-divided stomachs of the great oxen were filled with nothing but concentrated memories of hours of grazing along the water heavy vleis.

Etymology 2

[edit]

Shortened form of could.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA(key): /kʊd/

Verb

[edit]

cud

  1. (nonstandard, informal) Eye dialect spelling of could.
    • 1899, Jack London, The Men of Forty-Mile:
      'Twas the anchor-ice comin' up. To the right, to the lift, as far as iver a man cud see, the water was covered with the same.

Anagrams

[edit]

Kashubian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čudo.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sut/
  • Rhymes: -ut
  • Syllabification: cud

Noun

[edit]

cud m inan

  1. miracle

Further reading

[edit]
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “cud”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “cud”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
  • “cud”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka, Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Polish

[edit]
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish czud, czudo, from Proto-Slavic *čudo.

Cognates include Ancient Greek κῦδος (kûdos, “glory”). The current form is a result of mazuration.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sut/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ut
  • Syllabification: cud

Noun

[edit]

cud m inan

  1. miracle

Declension

[edit]
Declension of cud
singular plural
nominative cud cuda/cudy
genitive cudu cudów
dative cudowi cudom
accusative cud cuda/cudy
instrumental cudem cudami
locative cudzie cudach
vocative cudzie cuda/cudy

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Belarusian: цуд (cud)

Further reading

[edit]
  • cud in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • cud in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “cud(o)”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego (in Polish), →ISBN

Romagnol

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

cud f pl

  1. plural of côda

Welsh

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from Middle English kyte.

Noun

[edit]

cud m (plural cudiaid)

  1. kite (bird)
[edit]

Mutation

[edit]
Mutated forms of cud
radical soft nasal aspirate
cud gud nghud chud

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

[edit]
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cud”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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