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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
US criminal underworld slang, 1906 (noun), 1915 (verb), thinning alteration of {{m|en|graft}}.<ref>{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref><ref>''A Dictionary of the Underworld: British and American'', Eric Partridge (2015), [https://books.google.com/books?id=MUbeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA307&dq=grift p. 307]</ref><ref>''Word Origins...And How We Know Them: Etymology for Everyone'', Anatoly Liberman (2009), [https://books.google.com/books?id=sMiRc-JFIfMC&pg=PA32&dq=grift p. 32]</ref> The lighter sound (‘a’ → ‘i’, /ɑː/ or /æ/ → /ɪ/) is associated with more subtle, sophisticated crime; compare {{m|en|swindle}}.
American criminal underworld slang, 1906 (noun), 1915 (verb), alteration of {{dbt|notext=1|en|graft|t1=corruption, illicit profit through corrupt means, bribe, one's occupation}}, alteration perhaps influenced by similar sounding words, e.g. {{m|en|drift}}, etc., probably ultimately from {{der|en|dum|graft|t=digging, ditch, canal, trench}} (modern {{cog|nl|gracht}}), related to {{cog|nl|graven|t=to dig}}, {{cog|en|grave|t=to dig}}.<ref>{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{R:Partridge Underworld|page=307}}</ref><ref>''Word Origins...And How We Know Them: Etymology for Everyone'', Anatoly Liberman (2009), [https://books.google.com/books?id=sMiRc-JFIfMC&pg=PA32&dq=grift p. 32]</ref>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/ɡɹɪft/|lang=en}}
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɹɪft/}}
* {{rhymes|ɪft|lang=en}}
* {{audio|en|En-au-grift.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɪft|s=1}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{en-noun}}
{{en-noun}}


# A [[confidence game]] or [[swindle]].
# {{lb|en|US|slang}} A [[confidence game]] or [[swindle]]. {{defdate|from 1906}}
#: {{syn|en|Thesaurus:deception}}
#: ''Hey, what's the '''grift'''? What are you trying to pull?''
#: {{ux|en|Hey, what's the '''grift'''? What are you trying to pull?}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2022|author=[[w:Paul J. McAuley|Paul McAuley]]|title=Beyond the Burn Line|publisher=Gollancz|page=172|passage=‘Sounds like he’s trying to stretch out his '''grift''' for as long as possible,’ Gentle said. ‘Taking as much from his followers as he can before it falls apart.’}}


====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
* {{l|en|grifter}}
* See also [[Wikisaurus:deception]]


====Translations====
====Translations====
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{{en-verb}}
{{en-verb}}


# {{label|en|transitive}} To obtain illegally, as by [[con game]].
# {{lb|en|transitive|US|slang}} To obtain illegally, as by [[con game]]. {{defdate|from early 20th c.}}
# {{label|en|intransitive}} To obtain money illegally.
# {{lb|en|intransitive|US|slang}} To obtain money illegally. {{defdate|from early 20th c.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive|US|slang}} To obtain money immorally or through deceitful means.

====Translations====
{{trans-top|to obtain (money) illegally, as by con game}}
* Danish: {{t|da|svindle}}
* German: {{t+|de|erschwindeln}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kicsal}}
{{trans-bottom}}


===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references/>


==Swedish==
[[et:grift]]

[[fr:grift]]
===Etymology===
[[ku:grift]]
{{inh+|sv|gmq-osw|gript|g=f}}, {{m|gmq-osw|gripter|g=m}}. Either a verbal noun related to {{m|sv|gräva}}, or influenced by {{cog|la|crypta}}.
[[ta:grift]]

[[zh:grift]]
Compare origin of {{m|sv|[[krypta]], [[kryptisk]], [[krypto]], [[grotta]], [[grotesk]], [[grav]], [[gräva]], [[gruva]]}}.

===Noun===
{{sv-noun|c}}

# {{lb|sv|archaic|_|except in some compounds}} a [[grave]]
#: {{syn|sv|grav}}

====Declension====
{{sv-infl-noun-c-er}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|sv|griftefrid}}
* {{l|sv|griftetal}}
* {{l|sv|gånggrift}}

===References===
* {{R:svenska.se|so}}
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* {{R:svenska.se|saob}}
* {{R:runeberg.org|svetym|0288.html grift}}

Latest revision as of 15:41, 30 October 2024

English

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Etymology

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American criminal underworld slang, 1906 (noun), 1915 (verb), alteration of graft (“corruption, illicit profit through corrupt means, bribe, one's occupation”), alteration perhaps influenced by similar sounding words, e.g. drift, etc., probably ultimately from Middle Dutch graft (“digging, ditch, canal, trench”) (modern Dutch gracht), related to Dutch graven (“to dig”), English grave (“to dig”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grift (plural grifts)

  1. (US, slang) A confidence game or swindle. [from 1906]
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:deception
    Hey, what's the grift? What are you trying to pull?
    • 2022, Paul McAuley, Beyond the Burn Line, Gollancz, page 172:
      ‘Sounds like he’s trying to stretch out his grift for as long as possible,’ Gentle said. ‘Taking as much from his followers as he can before it falls apart.’

Derived terms

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Translations

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Verb

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grift (third-person singular simple present grifts, present participle grifting, simple past and past participle grifted)

  1. (transitive, US, slang) To obtain illegally, as by con game. [from early 20th c.]
  2. (intransitive, US, slang) To obtain money illegally. [from early 20th c.]
  3. (intransitive, US, slang) To obtain money immorally or through deceitful means.

Translations

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References

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  1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “grift”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ^ Eric Partridge (1949) A Dictionary of the Underworld, London: Macmillan Co., page 307
  3. ^ Word Origins...And How We Know Them: Etymology for Everyone, Anatoly Liberman (2009), p. 32

Swedish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Swedish gript f, gripter m. Either a verbal noun related to gräva, or influenced by Latin crypta.

Compare origin of krypta, kryptisk, krypto, grotta, grotesk, grav, gräva, gruva.

Noun

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grift c

  1. (archaic except in some compounds) a grave
    Synonym: grav

Declension

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Declension of grift
nominative genitive
singular indefinite grift grifts
definite griften griftens
plural indefinite grifter grifters
definite grifterna grifternas

Derived terms

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References

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